Uploaded byAzizi Ahmad
Item building 9 point Item
1. The document discusses the key characteristics of good assessment items, including conformity, accuracy, clarity, and suitability. 2. Conformity refers to an item aligning with the curriculum, giving students a fair chance to learn the content, and adhering to test specifications. 3. Accuracy means the item effectively assesses the intended construct and topic. Clarity means the language and instructions are easy to understand. 4. Suitability means the difficulty level, importance of content, and fairness of the item are appropriate. Good items cover different difficulty levels and are unbiased. 5. Items are evaluated against these characteristics and classified as acceptable, rejected, or kept in view for further review based on meeting
Item building 9 point Item
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- 2. Using instruments thatare unable to produce quality score could result an unfair judgement The clever score low, the less clever get a high score
- 3. Adopting an unfair judicialprocess is a real injustice
- 4. Construct Content Level of Difficulty Typeof Item Classification Item ImportantCurriuclum SuitabilityConformity Accurate and Clear Difficulty KeadilanChance Specification Construct Content Clear 5 subjects
- 5. Konstruk Tajuk Aras Kesukaran Janis Item Klasifikasi Item The twotypes of traditional items are Objectives and Subjectives Items can be categorized as conventional or alternative PentingKurikulum KesesuaianKeakuran Ketepaten & Kejelasan Kesukaran KeadilanPeluang Spesifikasi Konstruk Tajuk Jelas Item Tools used to obtained evidence of a construct and ways to obtained scores from an assessment administration The objective in this phrase refers to the responses / answers intended. When there is only ONE only acceptable answer for an item, the item was categorized as an objective item. Item objectives are divided into two types: Supply Type or Select Type Supply Type Fill in the blank Sentences completion Diagram completion Select Type True-False Matching Multiple choice Subjective item is an item that allows subjectivity in the responses given Constructed response Essay Structured
- 6. Konstruk Tajuk Aras Kesukaran Janis Item Klasifikasi Item Item canbe classified as Recall or Thinking PentingKurikulum KesesuaianKeakuran Ketepaten & Kejelasan Kesukaran KeadilanPeluang Spesifikasi Konstruk Tajuk Jelas Recall Item Thinking Item Items that require remembering to answer Items that require students / candidates apply thinking skills to answer
- 7. Konstruk Tajuk Aras Kesukaran Janis Item Klasifikasi Item PentingKurikulum KesesuaianKeakuran Ketepatan& Kejelasan Kesukaran KeadilanPeluang Spesifikasi •Construct is WHAT (things) is assessed •The construct is the human dimension in the form of concrete or abstract •The construct is a matter of building or expanding the teaching of a subject •Constructs are identified from the syllabus Konstruk Tajuk Jelas Construct
- 8. Konstruk Tajuk Aras Kesukaran Janis Item Klasifikasi Item PentingKurikulum KesesuaianKeakuran Ketepatan& Kejelasan Kesukaran KeadilanPeluang Spesifikasi •Knowledge • Skills •Value Construct assessed can be categorized Konstruk Tajuk Jelas
- 9. Konstruk Tajuk Aras Kesukaran Janis Item Klasifikasi Item PentingKurikulum KesesuaianKeakuran Ketepatan& Kejelasan Kesukaran KeadilanPeluang Spesifikasi Konstruk Tajuk Jelas Knowledge on •concept •facts •principles •criteria •terminology •procedures •methods Skills of •Intellectual •Practical •Investigating •Organizing •Assessing Values •responsibility •confident •value
- 10. Konstruk Tajuk Aras Kesukaran Janis Item Klasifikasi Item •Content areparts of certain subjects •Content covered in the assessment are identified from the syllabus •Content is usually indicated by a specific area within a field •To ensure comprehensive coverage, the content is usually divided into several sub-headings PentingKurikulum KesesuaianKeakuran Ketepatan & Kejelasan Kesukaran KeadilanPeluang Spesifikasi Konstruk Tajuk Jelas Content/Context
- 11. Konstruk Tajuk Aras Kesukaran Janis Item Klasifikasi Item Level ofDifficulty Easy/Fair/ Difficult Assumption •The weak can answer easy questions •The fair can answer easy items and fair items •The good can answer the fair and the difficult •Easy item are item that can be answered by most students •Difficult item are item that can be answered by a small number of students •Fair item are item in between the easy and the difficult For an instrument to be considered as good, test should contain all three level of difficulties PentingKurikulum KesesuaianKeakuran Ketepaten & Kejelasan Kesukaran KeadilanPeluang Spesifikasi Konstruk Tajuk Jelas
- 12. Building Subjective Item •Ensuretypes of item •Ensure task and instructions are clear •Ensure the ‘verb’ are right •Ensure item are able to discriminate •Ensure duration of time are sufficient •Avoid items that requires ‘Yes” or “No” as answers •Vocabulary, concept, suitable issues suitable with candidates •Prepare marking schemes •Ability to answer (item are able to be answered)
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- 14. Construct Content Difficulty Level Type Item Classification Testing andMeasurementRecallObjektif/beri Low/EasyKnowledge on terminology
- 15. In measurement ofeducation, reliability can be defined as ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Konstruk Tajuk Aras Kesukaran Janis Item Klasifikasi Item Pengujian dan pengukuranPengingatanObjektif/beri MudahPengetahuan tentang terminologi
- 16. Konstruk Tajuk Aras Kesukaran Janis Item Klasifikasi Item Pengujian danpengukuranPengingatanObjektif/pilih MudahPengetahuan tentang kriteria
- 17. Konstruk Tajuk Aras Kesukaran Janis Item Klasifikasi Item Pengujian danpengukuranPengingatanObjektif/pilih MudahPengetahuan tentang kriteria A test is considered perfect if the test score A. clear and sound B. valid and reliable C. understood by all D. simple and covers all topic
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- 19. Konstruk Tajuk Aras Kesukaran Janis Item Klasifikasi Item PecahanPemikiranSubjektif PertengahanKemahiranaplikasi Ali and Asmah is eating ‘lempeng pisang’. Ali had eaten 1/2 of the ‘lempeng’. Asmah had also eaten 1/2 of the ‘lempeng’. Ali said he had eaten more ‘lempeng’ than Asmah. Explain how Ali’s statement is said to be correct.
- 20. Konstruk Tajuk Aras Kesukaran Janis Item Klasifikasi Item PentingKurikulum KesesuaianKeakuran Ketepaten& Kejelasan Kesukaran KeadilanPeluang Spesifikasi Konstruk Tajuk Jelas Evaluating Item Nine Point System 9 characteristics of a good item
- 21. Konstruk Tajuk Aras Kesukaran Janis Item Klasifikasi Item PentingKurikulum KesesuaianKeakuran Ketepaten& Kejelasan Kesukaran KeadilanPeluang Spesifikasi Konstruk Tajuk Jelas Ciri-ciri Item Yang Baik
- 22. Konstruk Tajuk Aras Kesukaran Janis Item Klasifikasi Item PentingKurikulum KesesuaianKeakuran Ketepaten& Kejelasan Kesukaran KeadilanPeluang Spesifikasi Konstruk Tajuk Jelas Characteristics of A Good Item An good item is one having characteristics of: •Conformity •Accurate and Clear •Suitable
- 23. Konstruk Tajuk Aras Kesukaran Janis Item Klasifikasi Item PentingKurikulum KesesuaianKeakuran Ketepaten& Kejelasan Kesukaran KeadilanPeluang Spesifikasi Konstruk Tajuk Jelas Characteristics of A Good Item Conformity of an item is based on three aspects: •Conform with the curriculum •Conform with chance •Conform with specification
- 24. Konstruk Tajuk Aras Kesukaran Janis Item Klasifikasi Item PentingKurikulum KesesuaianKeakuran Ketepatan& Kejelasan Kesukaran KeadilanPeluang Spesifikasi Konstruk Tajuk Jelas Conformity Curriculum What is assessed (construct) and where the assessment is done (content/context) must be part of the curriculum. This aspect is important and vital, should what is assessed is outside the curriculum then the curricular validity for the item can be disputed
- 25. Konstruk Tajuk Aras Kesukaran Janis Item Klasifikasi Item PentingKurikulum KesesuaianKeakuran Ketepatan& Kejelasan Kesukaran KeadilanPeluang Spesifikasi Konstruk Tajuk Jelas Conformity Chance Student/candidates must be given enough chance to learn what was assessed. Chance refers to facilities, teachers presence, skills of teachers in providing assessed knowledge to students/candidates
- 26. Konstruk Tajuk Aras Kesukaran Janis Item Klasifikasi Item PentingKurikulum KesesuaianKeakuran Ketepaten& Kejelasan Kesukaran KeadilanPeluang Spesifikasi Konstruk Tajuk Jelas Conform Specification Specification are established to control test based on ideas and content. It is important for individuals or group to control test content so as to ensure the level of achievement are the same.
- 27. Konstruk Tajuk Aras Kesukaran Janis Item Klasifikasi Item PentingKurikulum KesesuaianKeakuran Ketepaten& Kejelasan Kesukaran KeadilanPeluang Spesifikasi Konstruk Tajuk Jelas Characteristics of A Good Item Accuracy and clear refers to •Accuracy to construct •Accuracy to topic/content •Clear (proper language)
- 28. Konstruk Tajuk Aras Kesukaran Janis Item Klasifikasi Item Accuracy Construct Isthe item able to provide usable evident to assess the expected construct? Construct is WHAT is assessed. Should the task in the item failed to provide the necessary evidence and candidate failed to deliver relevant response , thus, item is considered ‘not valid’ PentingKurikulum KesesuaianKeakuran Ketepaten & Kejelasan Kesukaran KeadilanPeluang Spesifikasi Konstruk Tajuk Jelas
- 29. Konstruk Tajuk Aras Kesukaran Janis Item Klasifikasi Item PentingKurikulum KesesuaianKeakuran Ketepaten& Kejelasan Kesukaran KeadilanPeluang Spesifikasi Konstruk Tajuk Jelas Accuracy Topic Topic or context is where the assessment of a construct is applied to. It is important to ensure candidate or students are familiar with the facts, ideas given. If not, they might not provide satisfying responses not because of the ‘construct’ but of the content not known to them.
- 30. Konstruk Tajuk Aras Kesukaran Janis Item Klasifikasi Item PentingKurikulum KesesuaianKeakuran Ketepaten& Kejelasan Kesukaran KeadilanPeluang Spesifikasi Konstruk Tajuk Jelas Can the word arrangement and statements or image/graphs provide enough ‘clues’ on what should be done by candidates and how to make it presentable. Does the item written has high degree of communicability based on : •Readable •Clear expression •Consistent style Clear (Correct Language)
- 31. Konstruk Tajuk Aras Kesukaran Janis Item Klasifikasi Item PentingKurikulum KesesuaianKeakuran Ketepaten& Kejelasan Kesukaran KeadilanPeluang Spesifikasi Konstruk Tajuk Jelas Characteristics of Good Item Suitability of an item is based on : •Suitable with level of difficulty •Suitable of importance •Suitability with fairness(non bias)
- 32. Konstruk Tajuk Aras Kesukaran Janis Item Klasifikasi Item PentingKurikulum KesesuaianKeakuran Ketepatan& Kejelasan Kesukaran KeadilanPeluang Spesifikasi Konstruk Tajuk Jelas Suitability of Difficulty Level Written item brings along the intended level of difficulties. Are the items suitable with the intended difficulty level? If not, something must be done to ensure the whole test design to be sustained.
- 33. Konstruk Tajuk Aras Kesukaran Janis Item Klasifikasi Item PentingKurikulum KesesuaianKeakuran Ketepatan& Kejelasan Kesukaran KeadilanPeluang Spesifikasi Konstruk Tajuk Jelas Suitability Importance Since assessment is important and vital , we must ensure that ideas, content, context or issues forwarded by items are important matters needed in the learning process. Unsuitable matters or irrelevant matters should not be put up so as to ensure unfair judgement
- 34. Konstruk Tajuk Aras Kesukaran Janis Item Klasifikasi Item PentingKurikulum KesesuaianKeakuran Ketepatan& Kejelasan Kesukaran KeadilanPeluang Spesifikasi Konstruk Tajuk Jelas Suitable Fair Steps are made to ensure item written should not give advantage systematically or automatically to certain groups, race, ethnics or community based on race , sex, place or socio-economic-status (SES)
- 35. Konstruk Tajuk Aras Kesukaran Janis Item Klasifikasi Item PentingKurikulum KesesuaianKeakuran Ketepaten& Kejelasan Kesukaran KeadilanPeluang Spesifikasi Konstruk Tajuk Jelas Evaluating Item Evaluation of items is a process to judge the quality of item based on the characteristics of good item. The process should end with, item • ACCEPTABLE, •REJECTED or •Keep in View (KIV) Conform Curriculum Conform Chance Conform Specification Accurate Construct Accurate Content Clear Suitable Difficulty Sutiable Important Suitable Fair ** ** ** ** ** * * * * ** * One or more negative = Item rejected One or more negatif = Item KIV All positive = Item Accepted