This document provides guidance for a Year 13 internal assessment on a socio-scientific issue. Students must integrate biological knowledge to present a slideshow and podcast discussing their response to a contemporary issue. They will take a personal position and propose actions, justifying their response by analyzing relevant biology. Students have 4 weeks to complete the independent work and must submit research notes and references.
This presentation was given at a March 2013 meeting of the HEA STEM Special Interest Group on teaching ethics to bioscience students. The meeting was hosted at the University of Northampton, UK, and the principal focus was on teaching about Ethics and Risk.
Professor Joe Perry is a member of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).
This presentation was given at a March 2013 meeting of the HEA STEM Special Interest Group on teaching ethics to bioscience students. The meeting was hosted at the University of Northampton, UK, and the principal focus was on teaching about Ethics and Risk.
Professor Joe Perry is a member of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).
Occams Business Research has done an in-depth study on the Global Polylactic Acid Market outlining opportunities across the globe and a forecast of the revenues in the PLA Market through 2021.
The first lesson for LPPP 3500 Equity by Design at UVA is an exploration of our Unconscious Bias. Through this lecture, we explore scientific proof of the impact of bias, and apply this to the first phase of design thinking, building empathy.
February 17, 2011 - Dr. Kathy Barker joins us to discuss culture in and out of the lab, and the potential barriers for scientists that have interests in advocacy.
1 Chapter 3 The Moral Status of Gametes and Em.docxjeremylockett77
1
Chapter 3
The Moral Status of Gametes and
Embryos: Storage and Surrogacy
3
Technology Changes Things
• It changes options for reproductive choices.
• It can separate roles of genetic mother and
gestational mother.
• The social mother may be different from
either of the above.
• Babies might have 5-6 parents (see Table 3-1)!
4
Technology Changes Things
• Decision points have also multiplied.
• Many steps can be completed in the lab which
allows different decision points about having a
baby.
• We are not prepared to deal with all of the
changes conceptually, emotionally or ethically.
• Yet, we must be prepared to make decisions.
5
There is a need to Examine the Moral
Community
• There is a need to decide the boundaries of
the moral community.
• Who counts in the moral community?
• One must take the members of this
community into account as we make
decisions.
• The issue goes beyond deontology or
utilitarianism.
6
Thinking about Moral Standing
• Moral standing goes beyond cruelty.
• It addresses moral dignity and respect.
• Are children full members of the moral
community?
• What is the actual moral standing of children?
• Uncertainly exists about the moral standing of
embryos.
7
Technology and Attitudes
• Technology changes our attitude about the
embryo.
• It may also change levels of commitment,
emotional attachment, and parenting.
• Is there a difference between attitudes toward
genetic and adopted children in light of
technology?
8
Questions about Attitudes towards
Embryos and Babies
• What is the status of a frozen pre-embryo?
• Should a pre-embryo be given the same status
as a human being?
• When does a baby become a member of the
moral community?
9
Table 3-2 Moral Reference Groups
What About Surrogate Contracts?
• Should surrogate contracts be held in the
same level of trust as any contract?
• What if a surrogate’s life is endangered by the
pregnancy?
• What about those surrogates who want
contact with the child?
• Courts are struggling with these difficult
issues.
11
The Need to Stretch Our Thinking
• It is too heavy handed to stop technology
progress because we do not have defined
ethics.
• But it is not enough to leave it to the status
quo.
• Therefore, we must explore the issues and try
to come to consensus.
12
In Summary…
13
Slide Number 1Chapter 3Slide Number 3Technology Changes ThingsTechnology Changes ThingsThere is a need to Examine the Moral CommunityThinking about Moral StandingTechnology and Attitudes Questions about Attitudes towards Embryos and BabiesTable 3-2 Moral Reference GroupsWhat About Surrogate Contracts?The Need to Stretch Our ThinkingIn Summary…
WGS 3123
Social Justice and Social Change
Film Response 3
Watch the documentary Before the Flood (Fisher Stevens 2012). It can be access online through
the library. Log into your account. Searc ...
Research ethics in behavioural sciences 05 01 2022Dr. Chinchu C
This is a presentation on Research Ethics in Behavioural Sciences, presented as a part of 18 days FDP on Research Methods in Behavioural Sciences, conducted by ASCENT
Occams Business Research has done an in-depth study on the Global Polylactic Acid Market outlining opportunities across the globe and a forecast of the revenues in the PLA Market through 2021.
The first lesson for LPPP 3500 Equity by Design at UVA is an exploration of our Unconscious Bias. Through this lecture, we explore scientific proof of the impact of bias, and apply this to the first phase of design thinking, building empathy.
February 17, 2011 - Dr. Kathy Barker joins us to discuss culture in and out of the lab, and the potential barriers for scientists that have interests in advocacy.
1 Chapter 3 The Moral Status of Gametes and Em.docxjeremylockett77
1
Chapter 3
The Moral Status of Gametes and
Embryos: Storage and Surrogacy
3
Technology Changes Things
• It changes options for reproductive choices.
• It can separate roles of genetic mother and
gestational mother.
• The social mother may be different from
either of the above.
• Babies might have 5-6 parents (see Table 3-1)!
4
Technology Changes Things
• Decision points have also multiplied.
• Many steps can be completed in the lab which
allows different decision points about having a
baby.
• We are not prepared to deal with all of the
changes conceptually, emotionally or ethically.
• Yet, we must be prepared to make decisions.
5
There is a need to Examine the Moral
Community
• There is a need to decide the boundaries of
the moral community.
• Who counts in the moral community?
• One must take the members of this
community into account as we make
decisions.
• The issue goes beyond deontology or
utilitarianism.
6
Thinking about Moral Standing
• Moral standing goes beyond cruelty.
• It addresses moral dignity and respect.
• Are children full members of the moral
community?
• What is the actual moral standing of children?
• Uncertainly exists about the moral standing of
embryos.
7
Technology and Attitudes
• Technology changes our attitude about the
embryo.
• It may also change levels of commitment,
emotional attachment, and parenting.
• Is there a difference between attitudes toward
genetic and adopted children in light of
technology?
8
Questions about Attitudes towards
Embryos and Babies
• What is the status of a frozen pre-embryo?
• Should a pre-embryo be given the same status
as a human being?
• When does a baby become a member of the
moral community?
9
Table 3-2 Moral Reference Groups
What About Surrogate Contracts?
• Should surrogate contracts be held in the
same level of trust as any contract?
• What if a surrogate’s life is endangered by the
pregnancy?
• What about those surrogates who want
contact with the child?
• Courts are struggling with these difficult
issues.
11
The Need to Stretch Our Thinking
• It is too heavy handed to stop technology
progress because we do not have defined
ethics.
• But it is not enough to leave it to the status
quo.
• Therefore, we must explore the issues and try
to come to consensus.
12
In Summary…
13
Slide Number 1Chapter 3Slide Number 3Technology Changes ThingsTechnology Changes ThingsThere is a need to Examine the Moral CommunityThinking about Moral StandingTechnology and Attitudes Questions about Attitudes towards Embryos and BabiesTable 3-2 Moral Reference GroupsWhat About Surrogate Contracts?The Need to Stretch Our ThinkingIn Summary…
WGS 3123
Social Justice and Social Change
Film Response 3
Watch the documentary Before the Flood (Fisher Stevens 2012). It can be access online through
the library. Log into your account. Searc ...
Research ethics in behavioural sciences 05 01 2022Dr. Chinchu C
This is a presentation on Research Ethics in Behavioural Sciences, presented as a part of 18 days FDP on Research Methods in Behavioural Sciences, conducted by ASCENT
Both the basics and the practical aspects of ethical review and IRB submissions for graduate students are covered. Viewers will be better prepared to ace the application the first time.
Ponencia: Endophytic fungi conservation: techniques, advantages, disadvantages
Autor: Dr. Gary Strobel
Evento TF Innova: Workshop Biotechnology "Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi from vascular plants"
South Dakota State University online Speech 101 courses use this outline. The on campus classes use much of the same information but in a different format. This presentation can provide a reminder for all classes.
It contains factors that a professional should include while making decision when he/she is in moral dilemma. It also gives insights on moral, ethics and engineers code of conduct.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
2. INTERNAL
• integrate biological knowledge to present a Google slide or Powerpoint
presentation and podcast
• discuss your response to a contemporary socio-scientific issue.
• present a personal position and propose action(s) at a personal and/or societal
level.
• justify your response by analysing and evaluating relevant biological knowledge.
• You will work independently and have 4 weeks to complete the assessment.
• You will need to hand in your research notes with references in a portfolio to
show the sources of your information.
3. INTERNAL CONTENT
Introduction:
• biological concepts and processes that relate to your chosen issue
• Why its an issue
Main:
• biological implications (e.g. effect of 1080 on other organisms) and social implications (e.g. economic, ethical, cultural or
environmental) involved in the application of your issue.
• different opinions or viewpoints (for and against) that named individuals, groups or organisations have about the application of your
issue, in New Zealand if possible (consider how bias may influence these opinions). Make sure your opinions or viewpoints are from
a reputable, scientific, and referenced source.
Your Opinion:
• personal position on the issue
• proposed action(s) by you personally and/or by society on the issue.
• give reasons (with supporting evidence) to explain why you chose this position and proposed action(s)
• analyse and evaluate the biological knowledge related to the issue to justify your position and proposed action(s) by:
• comparing the significance of the biological and social implications of the issue
• considering the likely effectiveness of your and/or society’s proposed action(s)
Resources:
• commenting on your sources and information by considering ideas such as:
• validity (date/currency, scientific acceptance),
• bias (attitudes, values, beliefs), i.e. weighing up how science ideas are used by different groups.
•
4. CONTENTS
• Fact or Fiction
• Fact or Opinion
• Bias
• Ethics and Values
• Justifying your opinion
• Evaluating Resources
• Concepts Vs Process
• Biological Vs Social Implications
• Choosing a Topic
5. FACT OR FICTION
• Not everything you read/see/hear is true….
• Move around the room and circle
True/False/Mixed/Unsure on each of the cards
displayed
• Take one completed card – summarise the
findings, present to the class
7. TARANTULAS ARE POISONOUS, AND THEIR BITES CAN KILL
HUMANS.
FALSE.
See numerous websites and science books for further information.
Tarantulas comprise a group of often hairy and very
large arachnids belonging to the Theraphosidae family of spiders, of
which approximately 900 species have been identified. This article
only describes members of Theraphosidae, although some other
members of the same suborder are commonly referred to as
"tarantulas". Most species of tarantulas are not dangerous to
humans, and some species have become popular in the exotic pet
trade.
17. FACT OR OPINION
Facts are statements that can be proven.
• Facts may be true or false.
• But facts can be proven.
• .
Examples
1. Statistically, women live longer than men.
2. Most buses weigh more than most cars.
3. There are ten inches in a foot (false).
18. FACT OR OPINION
Opinions are statements that cannot be proven.
• Opinions can be argued.
• Opinions may be supported with facts.
• Opinions cannot be proven.
Examples
1. Golf is boring.
2. Pizza is delicious.
3. Math is the hardest subject
19. FACT OR FICTION – YOU DECIDE
1. The Family Guy is not appropriate to watch during school.
2. There are fewer panda bears in the world than grizzly bears.
3. Drinking orange juice right after brushing your teeth tastes bad.
4. Justin Bieber deserved to win the Grammy for best new artist.
5. Chicken that has not been properly prepared and cooked may cause salmonella.
6. Cheating on your boyfriend or girlfriend is wrong.
7. The Xbox came out before the Wii.
8. Super Mario is one of the greatest video game characters of all time.
9. Chocolate milk tastes better than regular milk.
10.Charter school students are scheduled to attend school more often than students who
attend neighborhood schools.
21. BIAS
What is a bias?
• a preference
• a way of seeing something
• a belief
Why is it important to identify bias?
.
22. WHAT ARE YOUR BIAS?
• All athletes are…
• People on welfare are all…
• Drugs are used by virtually …
• All politicians are …
• All people who sleep on grates are..
• All Christian Fundamentalists are..
• Students who attend Nayland college
are..
• All diabetics are…
• People who are vegaterians are..
• People who are against GMO are..
• All people who vote for the Green party are..
• All people who agree with Stem Cell research
are..
• All Otago University graduates are…
• All construction workers are…
• He's so dumb, he must be …
• He's so smart, he must be …
• He's quick-tempered, so he must be …
• He drinks like a fish, so he must be …
• He likes watermelon, and so does every …
23. BIAS IN THE MEDIA
Look at the articles/posters/flyers around the room
• Who are the sources?
• Is there a lack of diversity?
• From whose point of view is the news reported?
• Is the language loaded?
• Is there a lack of context?
• Decide if they are biased or not
• What makes it bias?
• Is the whole article bias or just some of it?
• Why are there bias?
24. ETHICS AND VALUES
• http://www.biotechlearn.org.nz/themes/bioethics/video_clips/ethics_vs_morals_v0153/(size)/large
• To have an ethical viewpoint, you have to be able to give some reason for it.
• So you might feel morally it is wrong to eat animals, for example, but if you
have an ethical viewpoint on it, you have to have some sort of analysis,
some set of arguments about why it would be wrong to eat animals, or
whether it might be wrong to eat certain animals, but acceptable to eat
others.
26. IMPLICATIONS
• Biological Implications
• scientific effects (positive and negative) of both sides of the issue (eg using 1080
and not using 1080)
• Long term effects
• Short term effects
• Social Implications
• economic – financial for both the public and private organisations, long and short
term costs
• ethical – is it right or wrong, can it be justified, how will it effect future
generations?
• Cultural – does it impact on peoples beliefs or way of life?
• Environmental – what long and short term effects will it have on the environment,
both natural and man made?
27. JUSTIFYING YOUR OPINION
Justify
• why you have the opinion you do
• give evidence from research to back up your ideas,
• evaluate the pros and cons as you see them and the ethics
Homework:
• Complete worksheet Thinking About Cloning
• Remember you need to be able to justify your opinion based on factual
evidence
28. BIOLOGICAL CONCEPTS AND PROCESS
• Biological Concepts – biological ideas and facts that relate to the issue
• Biological Process – techniques or procedures carried out or the things done
29. BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS
• Implications
• flow on effects from carrying out the biological procedures
• Biological Implications
• environmental, ecological, genetic, evolutionary effects
• Remember to look at both sides – implications if not done and if carried out
• Social Implications
• Economic, ethical, cultural effects
• Remember to look at both sides – implications if not done and if carried out
• NIMBY – not in my back yard – people may support an idea (eg sewage treatment
station) but not near their home
