Israel-US Relations
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This document analyzes the relationship between the US and Israel through the lens of oil politics. It discusses several approaches to analyzing this relationship, including resource control and geopolitics. A key part of the argument is that supporting Israel allows the US to exert control over oil exports from Arab states. Controlling pipelines in the region is an important political and economic strategy. The document argues that maintaining a balance of power in the Middle East benefits the US by helping it control oil supplies from the 1950s onward.
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NameInstitutionCourse Academic term Critical thinking pape.docx
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Course
Academic term
Critical thinking paper
Although the United States and the Middle East are physically apart, the United States has influenced the region more than any other country in the world. From strategic interests, competition with the Soviet Union and now Russia, American relationship with the region has ranged from diplomatic friendship to costly wars. Strong cultural ties between the United States and the Middle East, its economic interest in pursuit if the region’s oil reserves and the question of American- Israeli relations have also contributed to America’s foreign policy towards the region and how Arabs view Americans. The top three issues that have significantly contributed to my understanding of this course are the Palestine -Israeli conflict, the war on terrorism, and prevention of nuclear proliferation and weapons of mass destruction.
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This conflict is of major significance to American relationship with the Middle East because the United States has continuously supported what the Arabs call the Zionist regime, while Arab nations have always backed Palestine. American support for Israel has come in the form of foreign aid and military equipment, but this has made American relationship with other Arab countries and Palestine a problematic one[footnoteRef:3]. The United States stance to veto an appeal for the creation of an Islamic state by Mahmuod Abbas has contributed to worsen the relationship between the United States and the Middle East. Israel has been accused of killing Palestinians, destroying villages, restricting movement in the West Bank region, destroying olive gardens, assassinating Palestinian leaders and continuing with settlement of Palestinian territories. These acts have been condemned by Arabs nations as acts of terrorism and since the United States is a key ally of Israel, Palestinians perceive it as supporting acts of terrorism. [3: Mearsheimer, John J., and Stephen M. Walt. 2007. The Israel lobby and U.S. foreign policy. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. http://catalog..
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WASHINGTON — Most nations, including many close allies of the United States, require up to a week’s notice before American warplanes are allowed to cross their territory. Not Egypt, which offers near-automatic approval for military overflights, to resupply the war effort in Afghanistan or to carry out counterterrorism operations in the Middle East, Southwest Asia or the Horn of Africa.
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American warships are also allowed to cut to the front of the line through the Suez Canal in times of crisis, even when oil tankers are stacked up like cars on an interstate highway at rush hour. Without Egypt’s cooperation, military missions could take days longer…
“We need them for the Suez Canal, we need them for the peace treaty with Israel, we need them for the overflights, and we need them for the continued fight against violent extremists who are as much of a threat to Egypt’s transition to democracy as they are to American interests,” said Gen. James N. Mattis, who retired this year as head of the military’s Central Command.”
The New York Times, 8/17/2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/17/world/middleeast/us-officials-fear-losing-an-eager-ally-in-the-egyptian-military.html?hp&_r=0
USA-UAE Relations
The United States has enjoyed friendly relations with the U.A.E. since 1971.
Private commercial ties, especially in petroleum (the U.A.E. is the only GCC state to allow private-sector participation in its oil and gas sector), have developed into friendly government-to-government ties, which include security cooperation.
The U.A.E. is the United States’ single largest export market in the Middle East and North Africa region, with $14.4 billion in exports (in 2008) and more than 1000 U.S. firms operating locally (in 2013).
There are nearly 50 weekly non-stop flights to the U.A.E. from six U.S. cities.
The U.A.E. is a leading partner in U.S. counterterrorism efforts, providing assistance in the military, diplomatic, and financial arenas since September 11, 2001. In 2009, the U.A.E. was the largest foreign buyer of U.S. defense equipment. U.A.E. ports host more U.S. Navy ships than any port outside the U.S.
Source: Background Note: United Arab Emirates, March 16, 2011, http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5444.htm
U.S. Relations With United Arab Emirates, June 11, 2013, http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5444.htm
According to one U.S. Embassy official in Abu Dhabi, there are some 40,000 American citizens living in the United Arab Emirates in 2011, up from some 30,000 a few years ago.
The Israel Lobby in the United States
Paul Findley’s They dare to speak out (1985)
Edward Tivnan’s The Lobby (1987)
Jonathan Jeremy Goldberg’s Jewish power (1996)
James Petras’s The Power of Israel in the United States (2006)
Mearsheimer & Walt’s The Israel lobby and U.S. foreign policy (2007).
Mark Green (ed.)’s Persecution, Privilege ...
12 SCHOOL OF Submitted to in partial fulf
1
2
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Submitted to
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the completion of
US POLICIES ON MIDDLE EAST
by
IntroductionThe United States has had some interest in the Middle East for a long time, and its successive administrators have strived to achieve some of these interrelated objectives. Some of the interests the US has in the Middle East include anti-terrorism interests, preventing the influence of the Soviet and Iranian, protecting Israel and Arab allies, minimizing the migration of refugees, securing energy sources, and promoting democracy in the region. Recently, the United States has downgraded its main goals in the Middle East to what they consider as intensified interests. Therefore, they are focusing on global issues such as fighting the covid-19 pandemic, slowing climate change and rebuilding global institutions. However, the establishment of the United States policy in the Middle East can be dated back to the 18th century in the first years of the United Nations existence, but it later intensified after World War Two. Its main aim was to prevent the Arab countries from Russian influence. The US also wanted to replace the United Kingdom, which safeguarded the Persian Gulf States in the 1960s and 1970s; thus, it wanted to ensure a stable flow of oil in the Gulf. Therefore, the US established diplomatic relations between all Arab countries except for Iran and Syria since the suspension of their relations during the Syrian civil war in 2012. However, their interests in the Middle East have lessened in recent years since the Arab spring protects. There are now focusing on ending the Arab-Israeli conflict and minimizing the spread of weapons of mass destruction. Following the United States’ involvement in the Middle East, this paper looks at policies and presidential initiatives, and actions that former administrations have created or supported. It also looks at the why and how these policies are important to USFP and Americans in general.
President Jimmy Cater in the Arab-Jewish War
For over half a century, the United States has played a key role in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Its decision to join the war happened in the aftermath of WW II, hence it collaborated with the United Kingdom In 1946, where they agreed on settling the 100 000 Holocaust survivors to Palestine.[footnoteRef:1] This prompted the United States to be the first country to declare Israel as an independent state in 1948. In 1967, after a six-day war, the United States, with United Nations and countries like Britain, Russia, and France, decided the arbitrate the conflict between the Arabs and the Israelites. The United States later in 1973 decided to take the lead negotiations after Israel defended itself for invading Egyptian and Syria, therefore, obliging the US to take the lead in future negotiations. President Jimmy Carter himself got involved in the peace negotiations between Egypt and Israel when they reached an i ...
12 SCHOOL OF Submitted to in partial fulf
The document discusses United States policies toward the Middle East from the 18th century to present day. It outlines several key US interests in the region, including preventing Soviet influence, protecting Israel and Arab allies, securing oil supplies, and promoting democracy. Several US presidents played important roles in shaping Middle East policy, such as Truman, Carter, and Roosevelt. President Carter brokered peace negotiations between Egypt and Israel, while Truman emphasized diplomatic relations and Roosevelt's Operation Torch in North Africa impacted later US-Middle East relations. The document also analyzes how US policies have aimed to balance interests, maintain regional stability, and counter terrorist threats over time.
Cato Institute Policy Analysis No. 159Ancient History U..docx
Cato Institute Policy Analysis No. 159:
"Ancient History": U.S. Conduct in the Middle East Since World War II and the Folly of Intervention
August 16, 1991 Sheldon L. Richman
Sheldon L. Richman is senior editor at the Cato Institute.
Executive Summary
When Iranian revolutionaries entered the U.S. embassy in Tehran in 1979 and seized 52 Americans, President Jimmy Carter dismissed reminders of America's long intervention in Iran as "ancient history." Carter's point was not merely that previous U.S. policy could not excuse the hostage taking. His adjective also implied that there was nothing of value to be learned from that history. In his view, dredging up old matters was more than unhelpful; it was also dangerous, presumably because it could only serve the interests of America's adversaries. Thus, to raise historical issues was at least unpatriotic and maybe worse.[1]
As the United States finds itself in the aftermath of another crisis in the Middle East, it is worth the risk of opprobrium to ask why there should be hostility toward America in that region. Some insight can be gained by surveying official
U.S. conduct in the Middle East since the end of World War II. Acknowledged herein is a fundamental, yet deplorably overlooked, distinction between understanding and excusing. The purpose of this survey is not to pardon acts of violence against innocent people but to understand the reasons that drive people to violent political acts.[2] The stubborn and often self-serving notion that the historical record is irrelevant because political violence is inexcusable ensures that Americans will be caught in crises in the Middle East and elsewhere for many years to come.
After 70 years of broken Western promises regarding Arab independence, it should not be surprising that the West is viewed with suspicion and hostility by the populations (as opposed to some of the political regimes) of the Middle East.[3] The United States, as the heir to British imperialism in the region, has been a frequent object of suspicion. Since the end of World War II, the United States, like the European colonial powers before it, has been unable to resist becoming entangled in the region's political conflicts. Driven by a desire to keep the vast oil reserves in hands friendly to the United States, a wish to keep out potential rivals (such as the Soviet Union), opposition to neutrality in the cold war, and domestic political considerations, the United States has compiled a record of tragedy in the Middle East. The most recent part of that record, which includes U.S. alliances with Iraq to counter Iran and then with Iran and Syria to counter Iraq, illustrates a theme that has been played in Washington for the last 45 years.
An examination of the details and consequences of that theme provides a startling object lesson in the pitfalls and conceit of an interventionist foreign policy. The two major components of the theme that are covered in this study are
U.S. policy towa ...
Us news2
The document discusses the Syrian crisis and the role of the US. It claims that the US wants a perpetual state of war to benefit weapons manufacturers and bankers. It alleges that groups like Al-Qaeda and ISIS were originally formed with CIA support to fight US proxy wars and have now backfired. The document argues there are currently three wars being fought in Syria between the government and rebels, Saudi Arabia and Iran, and the US and Russia, and that the US policy in the region is driven by interests in oil and supporting Israel.
Israel palestine conflict
The Israel-Palestine conflict began in 1947 with the UN partition plan to divide Palestine into separate Jewish and Arab states. This was rejected by Palestinians and neighboring Arab states, who invaded Israel after its declaration of independence, though Israel prevailed. Hundreds of thousands of Palestinians became refugees. Subsequent wars in 1967 and 1973 resulted in Israel occupying the West Bank, Gaza Strip, Golan Heights and Sinai Peninsula. Israel established settlements in occupied territories despite international condemnation. Palestinian uprisings (Intifadas) protested the occupation. Oslo Accords established limited Palestinian self-rule but the second Intifada and ongoing settlement expansion have prevented a lasting peace agreement. The U.S. is a key ally of Israel but this complicates
Arab Isreal conflicts
The document summarizes several conflicts in the Middle East stemming from regional issues. It discusses the Arab-Israeli conflict since 1948 over land and Palestinian statehood. It also covers Iran's 1979 Islamic revolution that overthrew the Western-backed Shah, as well as conflicts in Iraq including the Iran-Iraq war and US invasion to oust Saddam Hussein. Oil wealth in the region has exacerbated tensions while religious and territorial disputes have fueled prolonged violence and unrest with no easy resolutions.
UNITED STATES ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE TO THE PALESTINIAN PEOPLE ziad jaser
United States Economic Assistance to The Palestinian People
and The Israeli Centric US Policy.
This research paper has examined the effectiveness of U.S. assistance to the Palestinian People and the economic impact it have on Palestinian lives. The research looked into US policy and the Zionist’s influence on the decision making process in Washington. The research showed that the “Israeli Centric” US policies were counterproductive. Israeli control over Palestinian lives, have reduced the effectiveness and hindered the impact of US Economic Aid to the Palestinian People.
The US and other Donors were not able to achieve their objectives of sustainable economic growth, peace and security and the establishment of a viable Palestinian state. The unwillingness or inability of the US and International community to exert enough pressure on Israel to end its illegal occupation, have wasted great deal of Donor’s efforts and resources.
22 carter
The 1970s saw economic struggles in the US including high inflation, rising gas prices due to oil embargoes, and stagnating growth. President Carter attempted to address these issues but was unable to curb inflation or resolve the Iranian hostage crisis. His domestic policies were also unsuccessful at stimulating the economy or enacting major reforms. Meanwhile, tensions with the Soviet Union increased as détente broke down, culminating in the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. While Carter achieved the Camp David Accords between Israel and Egypt, his presidency came to be defined by a "crisis in confidence" at home and an inability to project strong leadership domestically or abroad.
Bilal majid
The Cold War in the Middle East saw increasing tensions and proxy conflicts between the United States and Soviet Union from the 1950s to late 1970s. There were four main episodes: the 1956 Suez Crisis, the 1967 Six Day War, the 1973 Yom Kippur War, and the 1978 Camp David Accords. These events were driven by superpower competition for influence in the region, efforts to resolve the Arab-Israeli conflict, and ideological battles between secular nationalism and Islamic movements. Key leaders like Nasser of Egypt and various Israeli prime ministers were central figures during this volatile period in the region.
The middle east
The document summarizes the history of imperialism and conflicts in the Middle East from 1945 to the present. It discusses the end of European imperialism, the establishment of Israel and subsequent Arab-Israeli wars, ongoing Palestinian-Israeli conflict, Islamic revolutions in Iran and rise of Islamic terrorism. It also outlines the US response including the War on Terror in Afghanistan and Iraq in the aftermath of 9/11 attacks.
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UNITED STATES ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE TO THE PALESTINIAN PEOPLE ziad jaser
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Israel-US Relations
- 1. Group 21 Analysis of oil theory to explain US Israel Relations
- 2. outline
- 3. outline Introduction of US Israel Relations
- 4. outline Introduction of US Israel Relations Approaches of analysis
- 5. outline Introduction of US Israel Relations Approaches of analysis Pipeline politics
- 6. outline Introduction of US Israel Relations Approaches of analysis Pipeline politics our argument
- 8. All-time Allies? US wasn’t always support Israel unconditionally 1967 SixDay War
- 9. All-time Allies? US wasn’t always support Israel unconditionally US in Middle East Area was not much an enemy to Arab states. 1967 SixDay War
- 10. All-time Allies? US wasn’t always support Israel unconditionally US in Middle East Area was not much an enemy to Arab states. 1967 SixDay War US continued to show its favor over Israel.
- 11. All-time Allies? US wasn’t always support Israel unconditionally Since 1970’s Israel has been on the top list of US foreign aid, mainly in the form of military assistance.
- 13. There is nothing called perfect answer Jewish domestic power Military strategy value Resource Control homology political system Geopolitics
- 14. There is nothing called perfect answer Jewish domestic power Military strategy value Resource Control homology political system Geopolitics
- 15. Direct oil benefit from Israel? Pipeline politics
- 18. Israel has a direct port to Mediterranean Sea
- 19. Controlling Pipeline is a powerful tool for Political strategy oil field
- 20. Controlling Pipeline is a powerful tool for Political strategy oil field
- 21. Controlling Pipeline is a powerful tool for Political strategy Caspian Sea turkey Mediterranean israel Russia iraq iran
- 22. Our Argument
- 23. Without a doubt, a dangerous balance in Middle East Area will benefit the US most
- 24. Support Israel helps US to Control Oil from arab states 1950’s 1960’s 1970’s Suez Canal Crisis brought US and USSR into the conflicts between Arab states, and between Arab and Israel.
- 25. Support Israel helps US to Control Oil from arab states 1950’s 1960’s Nasser symbolized Arab states’ resistance of US interference, and even lean toward USSR. 1970’s
- 26. Support Israel helps US to Control Oil from arab states 1950’s 1960’s 1967 six day war 1970’s Israel proved its capacity to paralize Egypt, and its determination to stand tall.
- 27. Support Israel helps US to Control Oil from arab states 1950’s 1960’s 1970’s US showed its favorite over Israel. The attitude toward Arab states shifted from carrot to stick.
- 28. Support Israel helps US to Control Oil from arab states 1950’s 1960’s 1970’s Arab states failed to threaten US with oil cutoff, making US’s power over Arab states reached peak. And this all came from supporting Israel.
- 29. Support Israel helps US to Control Oil from arab states USA israel Arab states
- 30. -Andrew References I. Killgore, Yet Another Symbolic Act in the Great Caspian Sea Oil Pipeline Game. Washington Report On the Middle East Affairs, July/August 2003 -Barry Buzan, Ole Waever, Jaap de Wilde, Security A New Framework For Analysis. London: 1998 -Haim Shaked, Itamar Rabinovich, The Middle East and the United States: Perceptions and Policies. Transaction Publishers. 1980. -Idris Demir, The Kirkuk-Haifa Pipeline. Uluslararası Hukuk ve Politika Cilt 5, Sayı: 19 ss. 131-147, 2009 -Louise Fawcett, International relations of the Middle East: Oxford university press, 2005 -Ozden Zeynep Oktav, American Policies Towards the Caspian Sea and The Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Pipeline. PERCEPTIONS ,2005 -Thomas R. Stauffer, Caspian Fantasy: The Economics of Political Pipelines. The Brown Journal of World Affairs, Summer/Fall 2000 – Volume VII, Issue 2 -Abraham Ben-Zvi, Decade of transition: Eisenhower, Kennedy, and the origins of the AmericanIsraeli alliance: Columbia University Press, 1998 -Helen Chapin Metz, Iraq A Country Study: Kessinger Publishing, 2004 -Spencer C. Tucker,The Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Political, Social, and Military History:ABC-CLIO,2008 -Michael A Palmer, Guardians of the Gulf: A History of America's Expanding Role in the Persion Gulf, 1883-1992:Simon and Schuster -Bell, Jonathan. Central European7. 10 (Nov 1997): 40-42. -张彬, 左晖,《现代国际关系》2006年第l2期, 试析美国能源多元化政策 -李傳建，以色列與美國關係研究：時事出版社，2006
- 31. any questions