Is Water a Threat to Global Security?
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Robert Bensh discusses the potential threats to global security that could be caused be a depletion of our greatest resource: water.
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Water dangers
This document discusses three ways that water can be dangerous:
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2. Dirty drinking water - Contaminated water causes disease outbreaks and deaths worldwide. Poor sanitation and water management negatively impact public health. Some places in Greece were found to have drinking water contaminated with dangerous substances.
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Famine is widespread scarcity of food caused by several factors including natural disasters like drought and flooding, as well as human factors such as overpopulation, unequal food distribution, and political and administrative problems. Drought is a prolonged shortage of water supply from atmospheric, surface water, or groundwater sources, which can last for months or years. Flooding occurs when more than normal rainfall overwhelms water distribution systems, causing rivers and canals to overflow their banks and destroy agricultural soil quality.
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This document defines key vocabulary terms related to statistics, quality of life, wealth, and the environment. It includes definitions for terms like quality of life, correlation, indicator, standard of living, affluence, poverty, inequality, degrade, deteriorate, regress, carrying capacity, consumption, sustainable, and ecological footprint. These terms are important for understanding how statistics are used to measure and analyze factors like development, health, wealth distribution, and environmental impact.
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This document discusses three ways that water can be dangerous:
1. Man-made floods - Human activities like deforestation, urbanization, and global warming are exacerbating natural floods and making them more severe. A flood in Greece in 2018 that killed 24 people was made worse by heavy rainfall and soil erosion.
2. Dirty drinking water - Contaminated water causes disease outbreaks and deaths worldwide. Poor sanitation and water management negatively impact public health. Some places in Greece were found to have drinking water contaminated with dangerous substances.
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Climate change is negatively impacting the rural communities in Sardi khola VDC, Kaski, Nepal. Temperatures are rising and rainfall is becoming more unpredictable. This is visibly affecting agriculture, biodiversity, wildlife, fisheries, poultry, tourism, water resources, and livelihoods. Data collected through surveys, focus groups, interviews and observations show people perceive increasing temperatures and decreasing rainfall. Water resources are decreasing as a result, causing problems like water scarcity and damage to mud houses. Climate change threatens food security as crop production and yields are declining. More than one third of the population is at high risk of food insecurity.
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Famine is widespread scarcity of food caused by several factors including natural disasters like drought and flooding, as well as human factors such as overpopulation, unequal food distribution, and political and administrative problems. Drought is a prolonged shortage of water supply from atmospheric, surface water, or groundwater sources, which can last for months or years. Flooding occurs when more than normal rainfall overwhelms water distribution systems, causing rivers and canals to overflow their banks and destroy agricultural soil quality.
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India is facing a severe water scarcity crisis due to a combination of factors. Demand for water is growing rapidly as the population increases, while supply is dwindling due to unsustainable usage, lack of infrastructure to capture rainfall, and climate change exacerbating drought conditions. Nearly half of India's population lacks access to drinking water, while agriculture uses 90% of available water resources despite only employing 50% of the workforce. Unless water management and conservation practices are improved, India's ability to feed its growing population will be threatened.
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The document discusses several topics related to water integrity, gender equity, and climate change. It notes that corruption in the water sector puts lives and livelihoods at risk, slows development, and disproportionately affects the poor. It also discusses the costs of corruption, including waste of resources and failure to lead by example. The document argues that billions of dollars of new climate change-related investments will be at high risk of corruption. It advocates for integrating anti-corruption platforms into policy agendas and streamlining corruption and environment policies. Finally, it describes the Water Integrity Network's efforts to bring together actors in the water sector and anti-corruption movement.
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This document was submitted as an assignment as a part of the partial fulfillment of my master's degree.
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This document was submitted as an assignment as a part of the partial fulfillment of my master's degree.
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Flooding is a natural process which, that can occur in any part of the world during the volume of water reaches beyond the holding capacity of the drainage system. In whatever the case flooding has a major impact on the economic, social and environmental condition of the victim areas
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This document discusses several human dimensions of environmental science including population growth, poverty, affluence, and wasteful use of resources. It notes that population growth and higher consumption levels strain natural resources and increase pollution. Poverty also negatively impacts the environment as poor people are often forced to overexploit forests and land for survival. Affluent societies consume far more resources per person than those in poverty. Examples of wasteful resource use include auto racing, military exercises, and inefficient production processes. Accounting for ecological footprints can help evaluate resource consumption and sustainability across countries.
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2) The study analyzes data across multiple scales - reviewing literature, assessing national poverty and water trends, and examining municipality-level and household-level data - to understand relationships between poverty and water availability.
3) At broader scales, few direct relationships between poverty and water were found, but localized analyses showed some connections, like drought driving poverty increases in parts of Ecuador. Overall, poverty seems indirectly rather than directly linked to water problems in the Andes.
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water quality
Access to safe, clean water is one of the most serious environmental issues facing developing countries. Poor water quality causes 3 to 5 million deaths per year from diarrhea. Issues around water include inadequate and polluted drinking water supplies, floods, river siltation, and ineffective management of rivers and dams. Poverty, illiteracy, population growth, and weak institutions and policies make addressing water problems difficult. A strategy to improve rural water quality is installing hand pumps to access clean groundwater.
Population Global Population
The document discusses several challenges faced by less economically developed countries (LEDCs) related to population growth, including:
1) Overpopulation is straining resources in LEDCs, as 90% of births now occur in these countries, 60% lack basic sanitation, and demand for food and resources is rising.
2) High consumption rates in more economically developed countries (MEDCs) are exacerbating resource scarcity in LEDCs.
3) Issues like environmental degradation, conflict, famine, and oppression are increasing migration flows, with one in 200 people now classified as refugees. Reducing population growth through education and development could help address these challenges.
The IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON GENDER
This document summarizes a presentation given by Almaz Demessie on the impact of climate change on gender. Some key points:
- Climate change will disproportionately impact women, who make up the majority of the world's poor and have less access to resources. Changes in things like agriculture and natural disasters due to climate change will affect women differently than men.
- Examples from Ethiopia show trends of decreasing rainfall in many areas, which threatens rain-fed agriculture that many small-scale farmers and the poor rely on. As women disproportionately experience poverty, they will be especially vulnerable.
- Gender roles mean that climate change will impact men and women differently. Women's roles in activities like maintaining agricultural knowledge are
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Basic_Concept_of_Disaster_and_Disaster_R.pptx
A disaster occurs when a hazard impacts vulnerable people and communities. Factors such as climate change, underdevelopment, and unplanned urbanization exacerbate disaster risk by increasing hazards and vulnerability. Poverty increases vulnerability as poorer countries and communities lack resources to prepare for and cope with disasters. Disaster risk is dynamic and influenced by development failures that increase exposure and vulnerability to hazards over time.
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Water and terrorismPeter H. GleickPacific Institute, 6.docx
Water and terrorism
Peter H. Gleick
Pacific Institute, 654 13th Street, Oakland, California, USA. www.pacinst.org. Tel: 510 251 1600. Fax: 510 251 2203.
E-mail:[email protected]
Received 31 July 2006; accepted in revised form 14 August 2006
Abstract
The importance of freshwater and water infrastructure to human and ecosystem health and to the smooth
functioning of a commercial and industrial economy makes water and water systems targets for terrorism. The
chance that terrorists will strike at water systems is real; indeed, there is a long history of such attacks. Water
infrastructure can be targeted directly or water can be contaminated through the introduction of poison or disease-
causing agents. The damage is done by hurting people, rendering water unusable, or destroying purification and
supply infrastructure. More uncertain, however, is how significant such threats are today, compared with other
targets that may be subject to terrorist attack, or how effective such attacks would actually be. Analysis and
historical evidence suggest that massive casualties from attacking water systems are difficult to produce, although
there may be some significant exceptions. At the same time, the risk of societal disruptions, disarray, and even
overreaction on the part of governments and the public from any attack, may be high. This paper reviews the
history of past attacks on water systems and the most pressing vulnerabilities and risks facing modern water
systems. Suggestions of ways to reduce those risks are also presented.
Keywords: Biological warfare; Chemical warfare; Distribution systems; Eco-terrorism; Environmental
terrorism; Water and terrorism; Water supply
Introduction
Water is a fundamental resource for human and economic welfare and modern society depends
on complex, interconnected water infrastructure to provide reliable safe water supplies and to remove
and treat wastewater. This infrastructure is vital for human welfare and economic development
and it is vulnerable to intentional disruption from war, intrastate violence and, of more recent
concern, terrorism.
doi: 10.2166/wp.2006.035
Water Policy 8 (2006) 481–503
q IWA Publishing 2006
There is a long history of using water as a political or military target or tool, going back over 2,500
years (Gleick, 2004). Water resources and systems are attractive targets because there is no substitute for
water. Whether its lack is due to natural scarcity, a physical supply interruption or contamination, a
community of any size that lacks sufficient fresh water will suffer greatly. Furthermore, a community
does not have to lack water to suffer. Too much water at the wrong time can also lead to death and
great damage.
The chance that terrorists will strike at water systems is real but poorly understood by water managers
and the public. This paper reviews the history of past attacks on water systems and the most pressing
vulnerabilities and risks facing modern wat.
Community resilience concept
Climate change will have significant negative human rights impacts, especially on the world's poorest people. It will exacerbate issues like mass migration, worsening health crises, and loss of livelihoods and culture. While climate change policies have not sufficiently considered human rights, viewing climate change through a human rights lens can help address its impacts and manage responses in a way that respects people's basic rights and needs. Odisha is particularly vulnerable to climate change effects like stronger cyclones, floods and droughts that threaten lives, livelihoods and development. Considering human rights and building community resilience are important for addressing the challenges people face.
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Ethiopia faces several key drivers of change that impact water resources and development. These include a rapidly growing population, which increases pressure on scarce agricultural land and water supplies. Climate change is also a major driver, increasing rainfall variability and extremes that affect both water availability and agricultural productivity. Globalization provides economic opportunities but also risks from global market fluctuations and foreign ownership of land and water resources. Improving water infrastructure and adopting more integrated planning that considers diverse livelihoods is needed to promote development and poverty alleviation amid these changes.
Our Client
India is facing a severe water scarcity crisis due to a combination of factors. Demand for water is growing rapidly as the population increases, while supply is dwindling due to unsustainable usage, lack of infrastructure to capture rainfall, and climate change exacerbating drought conditions. Nearly half of India's population lacks access to drinking water, while agriculture uses 90% of available water resources despite only employing 50% of the workforce. Unless water management and conservation practices are improved, India's ability to feed its growing population will be threatened.
Water Resources In The Usa
Due to population growth in the U.S., demand for water has increased, straining limited resources. Americans consume 24% of the world's water despite being only 5% of the global population. Several states rely heavily on water sources like the Ogallala Aquifer that are being rapidly depleted. Competition for water between states has political and economic implications and sometimes leads to disputes. Prolonged droughts worsen the problem by reducing usable farmland and recharging of groundwater. Overuse in areas like Las Vegas and growing populations most negatively impact the environment. Potential solutions include water-saving technologies, incentives for conservation, and reuse of greywater.
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The document discusses several topics related to water integrity, gender equity, and climate change. It notes that corruption in the water sector puts lives and livelihoods at risk, slows development, and disproportionately affects the poor. It also discusses the costs of corruption, including waste of resources and failure to lead by example. The document argues that billions of dollars of new climate change-related investments will be at high risk of corruption. It advocates for integrating anti-corruption platforms into policy agendas and streamlining corruption and environment policies. Finally, it describes the Water Integrity Network's efforts to bring together actors in the water sector and anti-corruption movement.
List of hazards
This document was submitted as an assignment as a part of the partial fulfillment of my master's degree.
Mark Svoboda - Too Hot, Too Wet, Too Dry: Building Resilient Agroecosystems
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Mark Svoboda presented on the 2012-2013 drought. [1] 2012 was the warmest year on record for the contiguous US and the 15th driest, with over half of the country experiencing drought by September. [2] The drought caused over $50 billion in economic losses and $20 billion in crop insurance payouts. [3] While some drought conditions improved in the winter, over half of the US still faces drought, and a lack of soil moisture leaves crops vulnerable if rains do not materialize in the spring.Hazard, vulnerability, risk
This document was submitted as an assignment as a part of the partial fulfillment of my master's degree.
Floods in Dhaka (1996), Bangladesh
Flooding is a natural process which, that can occur in any part of the world during the volume of water reaches beyond the holding capacity of the drainage system. In whatever the case flooding has a major impact on the economic, social and environmental condition of the victim areas
Sustainability
This document discusses several human dimensions of environmental science including population growth, poverty, affluence, and wasteful use of resources. It notes that population growth and higher consumption levels strain natural resources and increase pollution. Poverty also negatively impacts the environment as poor people are often forced to overexploit forests and land for survival. Affluent societies consume far more resources per person than those in poverty. Examples of wasteful resource use include auto racing, military exercises, and inefficient production processes. Accounting for ecological footprints can help evaluate resource consumption and sustainability across countries.
Vulnerability assessment
This document was submitted as an assignment as a part of the partial fulfillment of my master's degree.
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1) Poverty and water availability are two major development issues in the Andean region of Latin America. Growing populations and climate change are exacerbating water problems and conflicts over scarce water resources.
2) The study analyzes data across multiple scales - reviewing literature, assessing national poverty and water trends, and examining municipality-level and household-level data - to understand relationships between poverty and water availability.
3) At broader scales, few direct relationships between poverty and water were found, but localized analyses showed some connections, like drought driving poverty increases in parts of Ecuador. Overall, poverty seems indirectly rather than directly linked to water problems in the Andes.
Global Population
The document discusses several challenges related to the global population, including reducing disparities between less economically developed countries (LEDCs) and more economically developed countries (MEDC), cutting consumption in MEDCs, and saving the planet from environmental degradation. It also covers easing migration flows, shrinking family sizes to stabilize the global population, and defining several demographic terms.
water quality
Access to safe, clean water is one of the most serious environmental issues facing developing countries. Poor water quality causes 3 to 5 million deaths per year from diarrhea. Issues around water include inadequate and polluted drinking water supplies, floods, river siltation, and ineffective management of rivers and dams. Poverty, illiteracy, population growth, and weak institutions and policies make addressing water problems difficult. A strategy to improve rural water quality is installing hand pumps to access clean groundwater.
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The document discusses several challenges faced by less economically developed countries (LEDCs) related to population growth, including:
1) Overpopulation is straining resources in LEDCs, as 90% of births now occur in these countries, 60% lack basic sanitation, and demand for food and resources is rising.
2) High consumption rates in more economically developed countries (MEDCs) are exacerbating resource scarcity in LEDCs.
3) Issues like environmental degradation, conflict, famine, and oppression are increasing migration flows, with one in 200 people now classified as refugees. Reducing population growth through education and development could help address these challenges.
The IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON GENDER
This document summarizes a presentation given by Almaz Demessie on the impact of climate change on gender. Some key points:
- Climate change will disproportionately impact women, who make up the majority of the world's poor and have less access to resources. Changes in things like agriculture and natural disasters due to climate change will affect women differently than men.
- Examples from Ethiopia show trends of decreasing rainfall in many areas, which threatens rain-fed agriculture that many small-scale farmers and the poor rely on. As women disproportionately experience poverty, they will be especially vulnerable.
- Gender roles mean that climate change will impact men and women differently. Women's roles in activities like maintaining agricultural knowledge are
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Presentación de Joaquín Rodríguez, Vicedecano EOI, en el seminario Empresas del Procomún, 11 de noviembre de 2010.
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Water food and poverty: Global view from 10 river basins
Simon Cook
Coordinator, Basin focal projects of the CPWF
The International Forum on Water and Food (IFWF) is the premier gathering of water and food scientists working on improving water management for agricultural production in developing countries.
The CGIAR Challenge Program for Water and Food (CPWF) represents one of the most comprehensive investments in the world on water, food and environment research.The Forum explores how the CPWF research-for-development (R4D) approach can address water and food challenges through a combination of process, institutional and technical innovations.
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A disaster is defined as a serious disruption to a community or society that exceeds its ability to cope using its own resources. Disasters can be caused by natural hazards like earthquakes, floods, or hurricanes, or human-instigated events like industrial accidents, fires, or acts of terrorism. Developing countries are particularly vulnerable to disasters as they suffer over 95% of disaster related deaths and losses that are 20 times greater than developed countries as a percentage of GDP. Disasters occur when a hazard impacts a vulnerable population or infrastructure.
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A disaster occurs when a hazard impacts vulnerable people and communities. Factors such as climate change, underdevelopment, and unplanned urbanization exacerbate disaster risk by increasing hazards and vulnerability. Poverty increases vulnerability as poorer countries and communities lack resources to prepare for and cope with disasters. Disaster risk is dynamic and influenced by development failures that increase exposure and vulnerability to hazards over time.
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Water and terrorism
Peter H. Gleick
Pacific Institute, 654 13th Street, Oakland, California, USA. www.pacinst.org. Tel: 510 251 1600. Fax: 510 251 2203.
E-mail:[email protected]
Received 31 July 2006; accepted in revised form 14 August 2006
Abstract
The importance of freshwater and water infrastructure to human and ecosystem health and to the smooth
functioning of a commercial and industrial economy makes water and water systems targets for terrorism. The
chance that terrorists will strike at water systems is real; indeed, there is a long history of such attacks. Water
infrastructure can be targeted directly or water can be contaminated through the introduction of poison or disease-
causing agents. The damage is done by hurting people, rendering water unusable, or destroying purification and
supply infrastructure. More uncertain, however, is how significant such threats are today, compared with other
targets that may be subject to terrorist attack, or how effective such attacks would actually be. Analysis and
historical evidence suggest that massive casualties from attacking water systems are difficult to produce, although
there may be some significant exceptions. At the same time, the risk of societal disruptions, disarray, and even
overreaction on the part of governments and the public from any attack, may be high. This paper reviews the
history of past attacks on water systems and the most pressing vulnerabilities and risks facing modern water
systems. Suggestions of ways to reduce those risks are also presented.
Keywords: Biological warfare; Chemical warfare; Distribution systems; Eco-terrorism; Environmental
terrorism; Water and terrorism; Water supply
Introduction
Water is a fundamental resource for human and economic welfare and modern society depends
on complex, interconnected water infrastructure to provide reliable safe water supplies and to remove
and treat wastewater. This infrastructure is vital for human welfare and economic development
and it is vulnerable to intentional disruption from war, intrastate violence and, of more recent
concern, terrorism.
doi: 10.2166/wp.2006.035
Water Policy 8 (2006) 481–503
q IWA Publishing 2006
There is a long history of using water as a political or military target or tool, going back over 2,500
years (Gleick, 2004). Water resources and systems are attractive targets because there is no substitute for
water. Whether its lack is due to natural scarcity, a physical supply interruption or contamination, a
community of any size that lacks sufficient fresh water will suffer greatly. Furthermore, a community
does not have to lack water to suffer. Too much water at the wrong time can also lead to death and
great damage.
The chance that terrorists will strike at water systems is real but poorly understood by water managers
and the public. This paper reviews the history of past attacks on water systems and the most pressing
vulnerabilities and risks facing modern wat.
Community resilience concept
Climate change will have significant negative human rights impacts, especially on the world's poorest people. It will exacerbate issues like mass migration, worsening health crises, and loss of livelihoods and culture. While climate change policies have not sufficiently considered human rights, viewing climate change through a human rights lens can help address its impacts and manage responses in a way that respects people's basic rights and needs. Odisha is particularly vulnerable to climate change effects like stronger cyclones, floods and droughts that threaten lives, livelihoods and development. Considering human rights and building community resilience are important for addressing the challenges people face.
Community resilience concept
Climate change will have significant negative human rights impacts, especially on the world's poorest populations who are most vulnerable but have the weakest protections. It will exacerbate issues like mass migration, loss of livelihoods and land, food and water insecurity. While climate change policies have not sufficiently considered human rights, viewing climate change through a human rights lens can help address its impacts and manage responses in a way that respects people's basic rights and dignity. Odisha is particularly vulnerable to climate change effects like stronger cyclones, floods and droughts that threaten lives, livelihoods and development.
Community resilience concept
Climate change is likely to increase human suffering through increased migration, strain on health systems, threats to food and water security, loss of shelter and livelihoods, and potential for conflicts. However, the human rights aspects of climate change have not received sufficient attention. The effects of climate change will be most severe in poorer countries with weak human rights protections. It is critical that human rights are included in climate change policies and planning to protect vulnerable populations. Odisha is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change such as increased flooding, drought, cyclones and disturbances that threaten livelihoods, health, and human security. Chronic poverty, food insecurity, distress migration and other human rights issues exist in the state and are exacerb
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3) Economic impacts are classified as tangible impacts that can be assigned a monetary value, and intangible impacts that are difficult to quantify financially. Almost all impacts have an economic dimension.
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This document summarizes an essay about water pollution in Australia and Tanzania. It will examine early childhood growth between the two countries, how clean their air and water is, and access to clean water. Exposure to polluted water and lack of access to clean water can affect a child's development, health, and life. Studies have shown some parts of Australia have contaminated drinking water, and low-income communities likely have less access to clean water. Air pollution can also negatively impact child development.
QUIPPER DRRR SHS ANSWER KEY
This document discusses various concepts related to hazards, disasters, vulnerability, exposure, and risk. It provides examples, definitions, and explanations for different terminology. Some key points covered include:
- A hazard only becomes a disaster when it negatively impacts human lives and properties. Vulnerability, defined as characteristics that make something susceptible to hazards, determines the level of impact.
- Factors like physical exposure, socioeconomic status, and demographics contribute to a community's overall vulnerability. Marginalized groups are especially at risk due to lack of resources and ability to respond.
- Structures can be engineered, non-engineered, or owner-built, and factors like location, design complexity, and height influence
Disaster Management Empirical Study of 2009 Jeddah Flood
This document summarizes a study about disaster management during the 2009 floods in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, which killed over 100 people. The study finds that due to a lack of disaster management policies, unplanned urban development, inadequate precautions and preparations, corruption, and poor organizational behavior, the effects of the flood were worse than expected. The study concludes that the Saudi government needs clearer policies and better technology to deal with natural disasters effectively.
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Epidemiological data and operational information about outbreaks is.pdf
Epidemiological data and operational information about outbreaks is dynamic and changes
rapidly. You must develop a comprehensive Event Management System to manage critical
information about an outbreak (of your choice) within the Excel program that you have just
learned. This is one method to ensure accurate and timely communications between key public
health professionals and the community.
Choose from any one of the fields below.
Features of the data management system you create should include:
Solution
Case Management-
Businesses and agencies in long-term relationships with their customers, citizens or subscribers
will be judged by the accuracy of the records they hold, the consistency of the communications
that take place, and the speed, efficiency and fairness with which each case, claim or contract is
processed.
Delivery of customer service against these priorities has never been more challenging.
Customers are more mobile in their addresses, jobs and family relationships. Communications
channels seem to multiply overnight, with customers switching between them at will. Corporate
messaging demands multi-channel distribution with increasing amounts of personalization.
Mergers and acquisitions create multiple silos of customer-related data to be seamlessly joined.
And products, business rules and government regulations change with alarming frequency.
Against this backdrop, the demands on the IT systems to support smooth, efficient and integrated
delivery are considerable, particularly where case-orientated transactions are involved.
Emergency Response-
Environmental emergencies are incidents or events that threaten public safety, health, and
welfare and include hurricanes, floods, wildfires, industrial plant explosions, chemical spills, acts
of terrorism, and others. While these events range in size, location, cause, and effect, most have
an environmental component. Emergency response is the organizing, coordinating, and directing
of available resources in order to respond to the event and bring the emergency under control.
The goal of this coordinated response is to protect public health by minimizing the impact of the
event on the community and the environment.
An emergency response plan must provide the resources and information needed to evaluate the
human and environmental health impacts of the event, assess and reduce human exposures to
contaminants, and develop science-based strategies for remediation and rebuilding. One example
is the immediate response of NIEHS and other government agencies to the devastation and
hardship caused by Hurricane Katrina. This included the establishment of a field hospital in
Mississippi to meet the immediate health needs of the hurricane victims, as well as the
development of a Geographic Information System to plot the locations of chemical plants,
refineries, Superfund clean-up sites, and other potential hot spots of contamination where
flooding occurred.
Safe Drinking Water-
There are many types o.
Livelihoods approaches and climate change
Presentation by Terry Cannon from the Institute of Development Studies, at the Sustainable Livelihoods Approaches seminar on 26th January 2011, at the Institute of Development Studies, Brighton, UK.
The Water Freedom System Review 2023.pdf
The Water Freedom System is a program that teaches people how to build their own air-to-water generator. This technology can produce clean, drinking water from the humidity in the air. The Water Freedom System claims that it can completely change our world by providing a sustainable and affordable way to access water.
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uilding Human Resilience
he Role of Public Health Preparedness and Response As an
daptation to Climate Change
ark E. Keim, MD
bstract: Global climate change will increase the probability of extreme weather events, including
heatwaves, drought, wildfire, cyclones, and heavy precipitation that could cause floods and
landslides. Such events create significant public health needs that can exceed local capacity
to respond, resulting in excess morbidity or mortality and in the declaration of disasters.
Human vulnerability to any disaster is a complex phenomenon with social, economic,
health, and cultural dimensions. Vulnerability to natural disasters has two sides: the degree
of exposure to dangerous hazards (susceptibility) and the capacity to cope with or recover
from disaster consequences (resilience). Vulnerability reduction programs reduce suscep-
tibility and increase resilience. Susceptibility to disasters is reduced largely by prevention
and mitigation of emergencies. Emergency preparedness and response and recovery
activities—including those that address climate change—increase disaster resilience.
Because adaptation must occur at the community level, local public health agencies are
uniquely placed to build human resilience to climate-related disasters. This article discusses
the role of public health in reducing human vulnerability to climate change within the
context of select examples for emergency preparedness and response.
(Am J Prev Med 2008;35(5):508 –516) Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Journal of
Preventive Medicine.
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limate Change and Extreme Weather Events
lobal climate change will increase the probabil-
ity of extreme weather events1 (Table 1), which
may be associated either with high precipita-
ion (i.e., storms, floods, and landslides) or with low
recipitation (i.e., heat, drought, wildfire).1 These
vents often overwhelm the capacity of communities
nd local governments to respond, requiring outside
ssistance. Such mismatches between needs and re-
ources often result in declarations of disaster.
High-precipitation events, which are likely to in-
rease in frequency, will compound the risk of flood
nd landslide disasters. According to the UN Intergov-
rnmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC): “Many
illions more people are projected to be flooded every
ear due to sea-level rise by the 2080s. In some areas
eatwaves are expected to increase in severity and
requency, expanding drought affected areas.”1 In low-
atitude regions, crop productivity is expected to de-
rease, thus increasing the risk for hunger, particularly
n Africa and small island developing States. “By 2020,
etween 75 and 250 million people are projected to be
xposed to an increase in water stress.”1
rom the National Center for Environmental Health, Agency for
oxic Substances and Disease Registry, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia
Address ...
Disaster Management_UNIT.3.pptx
The document discusses the relationship between disasters and development, and the impact of land use and land cover changes on disaster risk. It notes that development projects like dams, embankments, and changes in land use can influence vulnerabilities to disasters. Land use is defined as the activities and arrangements people undertake on land, while land cover refers to the physical material on the earth's surface. Zoning designates permitted land uses. Assessing land use is important for natural resource management, as land use/land cover patterns are shaped by socio-economic and natural factors. Understanding land use changes is crucial for effective resource management and sustainable development planning.
2015 WWW report-Chapter 12
This document discusses the water-energy-food nexus and its relationship to human security. It argues that in insecure settings like crisis or post-conflict areas, ensuring access to basic resources like water, food and energy is crucial to stability and preventing conflicts from reigniting. A cross-cutting approach that considers interactions between these sectors can help maximize benefits and manage trade-offs. The example of Syria is discussed, where the ongoing conflict has severely disrupted access to food, water and energy, exacerbating a humanitarian crisis.
Water Scarcity Essay
Essay about The Global Water Shortage
The Scarcity of Water Essay
Speech On Water Scarcity
Causes Of Water Scarcity
Effects Of Water Scarcity
Water Scarcity
Water Scarcity Essay
Water Scarcity in History
Water Scarcity
Water Scarcity Essay
Water Scarcity
Water Scarcity In Africa
Water security
This document discusses challenges to global water security due to factors like climate change, population growth, and pollution. It introduces concepts like the water-food-energy nexus, virtual water, and water footprints. Potential solutions discussed include desalination, conservation, integrated water management, and appropriate water pricing. The document emphasizes the need for a holistic, systems approach to address growing threats to secure access to fresh water worldwide.
Similar to Is Water a Threat to Global Security? (20)
Water and terrorismPeter H. GleickPacific Institute, 6.docx
Water and terrorismPeter H. GleickPacific Institute, 6.docx
The economic influence of natural disaster and climate change in sub saharan ...
The economic influence of natural disaster and climate change in sub saharan ...
Disaster Management Empirical Study of 2009 Jeddah Flood
Disaster Management Empirical Study of 2009 Jeddah Flood
Epidemiological data and operational information about outbreaks is.pdf
Epidemiological data and operational information about outbreaks is.pdf
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2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
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Biomimicry in agriculture: Nature-Inspired Solutions for a Greener Future
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
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留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
Environment Conservation Rules 2023 (ECR)-2023.pptx
Bangladesh Environment Conservation Rules 2023 (ECR-2023).
Lessons from operationalizing integrated landscape approaches
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二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
原版制作(Manitoba毕业证书)曼尼托巴大学毕业证学位证一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Manitoba毕业证书)曼尼托巴大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
快速办理(Calabria毕业证书)卡拉布里亚大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
原件一模一样【微信：bwp0011】《(Calabria毕业证书)卡拉布里亚大学毕业证》【微信：bwp0011】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问微bwp0011
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【微bwp0011】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【微bwp0011】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
REPORT-PRESENTATION BY CHIEF SECRETARY, ANDAMAN NICOBAR ADMINISTRATION IN OA ...
Green Tribunal Andaman
一比一原版西澳大学毕业证学历证书如何办理
原版定制【微信:741003700】《西澳大学毕业证学位证成绩单》【微信:741003700】成绩单 、雅思、外壳、留信学历认证永久存档查询，采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份毕业证【Q微信741003700】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【Q微信741003700】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
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Is Water a Threat to Global Security?
- 1. THREATto Global Security Is Water A
- 2. You’ve probably already realized that there is so much more to global security than war. There are other aspects of humanity that are just as critical to our survival. Things like public health, economic security, and, of course, natural resources like oxygen, energy, and… water?
- 3. Yes. Water. In fact, there are so many ways that water impacts global security both positively and negatively. We could harness its power as a viable energy resource. We could suffer from undetectable poisons infiltrating our supply. We could run out. In all reality, it’s that last one that is perhaps the most frightening...because it may already be happening.
- 4. According to the U.S. Department of Defense, “water scarcity is a global threat to security because it drives instability that can lead to wild terrorism and violence.” This statement becomes extremely relevant when we consider that climate change is currently contributing to severe droughts in several regions around the world. Northern South America, Australia, and southern Africa are among the regions predicted to be most affected by water scarcity in 2019. Early forecasts indicate a severe shortage for countries including Columbia, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Botswana.
- 5. Experts posit that water scarcity has directly impacted more than one major world conflict within the last decade including the evolution of the war in Syria that began in 2011. Shortages are also responsible for billions of dollars of debt when you account for all of the cascading damages caused to public health, the environment, and commerce.
- 6. In countries where agricultural commerce is critical to infrastructure, the availability of water can make or break economic viability which can, in turn, compound the nation’s propensity for civil unrest. No water translates to decreased production rates and ruined yields. No yields mean no products to export and, by default, no incoming funds. Living conditions and access to public resources are diminished and risk of exposure to things like illness and environmental destruction increase significantly.
- 7. The result is an unavoidable aggravation of a population already attempting to survive on a rationed water supply. Other, power- hungry countries may then view the weakened country as unstable, and leverage their superior access to resources in an effort to gain levels of control or influence where, previously, they had none.
- 8. Some groups, like the Water, Peace, and Security partnership, are currently working on a better way to detect and prevent water shortages worldwide. Using technology, they are attempting to develop an early warning system. The system will use available data to assess risk levels and predict shortages in an attempt to give the affected area time to prepare. The technology being used does have its limitations, but contributors are hopeful that it can and will be refined as the AI continues its learning process.
- 9. THANK YOURobert Bensh Images Sourced: Unsplashed