The document explains IP addresses, defining them as unique identifiers for devices on the internet structured in 32 bits divided into four octets. It categorizes IP addresses into classes A, B, C, D, and E, each with specific ranges and purposes, such as class A for large networks and class D for multicasting. It also provides examples of IP addresses and their corresponding classes based on the first octet values.

1. IP ADDRASS AND
CLASSES
By : Yassen Hadhoud

2. AGENDA
What is IP Address?
IP structure
IP Classes
Examples
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3. WHAT IS IP
ADDRESS?

4. WHAT IS IP ADDRESS?
• An Internet Protocol (IP) address is the unique identifying number
assigned to every device connected to the internet.
• An IP address is an address used in order to uniquely identify a
device on an IP network.
• The address is made up of 32 binary bits, which can be divisible into
a network portion and host portion with the help of a subnet mask.
• The 32 binary bits are broken into four octets (1 octet = 8 bits).
• Each octet is converted to decimal and separated by a period (dot).
• or this reason, an IP address is said to be expressed in dotted
decimal format (for example, 172.16.81.100). The value in each octet
ranges from 0 to 255 decimal, or 00000000 - 11111111 binary.
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5. 5
The IP addresses are unique.
An IP address is a 32-bit address.
The address space of IPv4 is
232
or 4,294,967,296.
Note:

6. IP STRUCTURE

7. IP STRUCTURE
 IP addresses consist of four sections
 Each section is 8 bits long
 Each section can range from 0 to 255
 Written, for example, 128.35.0.72
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8. IP CLASSES

9. CLASS A
• Class A addresses are for networks with large number of total hosts.
• Class A allows for 126 networks by using the first octet for the network ID.
• The first bit in this octet, is always zero.
• The remaining seven bits in this octet complete the network ID.
• Class A network number values begin at 1 and end at 126.
• Public IP Range: 1.0.0.0 to 126.255.255.255
• Subnet Mask: 255.0.0.0 (8 bits) ‫الشبكه‬ ‫قناع‬
• Number of Networks: 126 ‫الشبكه‬ ‫عدد‬
• Number of Hosts per Network: 16,777,216 ‫المضيف‬ ‫عدد‬
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10. CLASS A
• 127.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255 >>>>>>> Loopback Address
• Used with Troubleshooting – ‫الخاصه‬ ‫األغراض‬
•
‫وكارت‬ ‫بتاعي‬ ‫الجهاز‬ ‫ان‬ ‫اختبر‬ ‫عاوز‬ ‫لو‬ ‫مثال‬
lan
‫مشكله‬ ‫مفهومش‬ ‫بالنت‬ ‫متصلين‬
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11. CLASS B
• Class B addresses are for medium to large sized networks.
• The first two bits in the first octet are always 1 0
• Public IP Range: 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255
• First octet value range from 128 to 191
• Subnet Mask: 255.255.0.0 (16 bits) ‫الشبكه‬ ‫قناع‬
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12. CLASS C
• Class C addresses are used in small local area networks (LANs).
• the first three bits of the first octet are always 1 1 0.
• Public IP Range: 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.0
• First octet value range from 192 to 223
• Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 (24 bits) ‫الشبكه‬ ‫قناع‬
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13. CLASS C
• Class C addresses are used in small local area networks (LANs). ‫والبيوت‬ ‫المكاتب‬ ‫مثل‬
‫الصغيره‬ ‫والشبكات‬
• the first three bits of the first octet are always 1 1 0.
• Public IP Range: 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.0
• First octet value range from 192 to 223
• Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 (24 bits) ‫الشبكه‬ ‫قناع‬
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14. CLASS D
• Class D IP addresses are not allocated to hosts and are used for multicasting.
• Multicasting allows a single host to send a single stream of data to thousands of
hosts across the Internet at the same time.
• Range: 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255
• First octet value range from 224 to 239
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15. CLASS E
• Class E IP addresses are not allocated to hosts and are not available for general
use. These are reserved for research purposes.
• Range: 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255
• First octet value range from 240 to 255
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16. EXAMPLE :
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Find the class of each address:
a. 227.12.14.87 b.193.14.56.22 c.14.23.120.8
d. 252.5.15.111 e.134.11.78.56
Solution
a. The first byte is 227 (between 224 and 239); the class is D.
b. The first byte is 193 (between 192 and 223); the class is C.
c. The first byte is 14 (between 0 and 127); the class is A.
d. The first byte is 252 (between 240 and 255); the class is E.
e. The first byte is 134 (between 128 and 191); the class is B.

17. EXAMPLE :
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Find the class of each address:
a. 00000001 00001011 00001011 11101111
b. 11000001 10000011 00011011 11111111
c. 10100111 11011011 10001011 01101111
d. 11110011 10011011 11111011 00001111
Solution
a. The first bit is 0. This is a class A address.
b. The first 2 bits are 1; the third bit is 0. This is a class C address.
c. The first bit is 0; the second bit is 1. This is a class B address.
d. The first 4 bits are 1s. This is a class E address..

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19. 19

20. 20
• Class A addresses begin with 0xxx, or 1 to 126 decimal.
• Class B addresses begin with 10xx, or 128 to 191 decimal.
• Class C addresses begin with 110x, or 192 to 223 decimal.
• Class D addresses begin with 1110, or 224 to 239 decimal.
• Class E addresses begin with 1111, or 240 to 254 decimal.

21. THANK YOU
Yassen Mohamed Hadhoud
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