This slide is the final presentation for the Green IT course I have followed. This short course is all about how you can do to preserve, and avoid abusing the environment and having the sustainable development. In this presentation, my group show the terminology "The Internet of Things" and all benefits as well as its impacts to the human beings and the world. Feel free to give comments and information to me. Thank you and enjoy :)

1. Internet of things
Instructors: Nicolas DUCHENNE
Laura DRAETTA Ghislain ATEMEZING
Alexandre DELANOË Anh-Dung LE

2. Origins
• Kevin Ashton, 1999.
• Refers to uniquely identifiable objects and their virtual
representations in an internet-like structure.
• Cofounded the Auto-ID Center at the MIT.
• Created the global standard system for Radio-frequency
identification (RFID) and other sensors.

3. Why do we need it?
• Internet on human for creating information.
• People have limited accuracy: not all data are collected.
• Computer should be able to know everything about
things, gathering data without any help.
• Ability to track and count everything, reduce waste, loss and
cost.

4. How could it be used
• Equipping all objects in the world:
-Waste management.
-Stock management.
• Communication between two objects, without any human
interaction.

5. Evolution
• First step: RFID-tags to uniquely tag objects.
• Second step: Ability to communicate with devices attaches to
virtually all human made object. It uses the large address
space of IPV6.
• Third step: Ambient intelligence. Open network in which
virtual objects will be able to act independently and
communicate between them.

6. Evolution

7. Uses of internet of things
• Commerce: value of the RFID market in 2012 will be $7.46.
Manage inventory
Cars, Cellphones.
• Passports
E-passports (Malaysia 1998, USA 2006)
• Transport payment
• Animal identification
• Human identification
2004, used in night club to identify VIP costumers.

8. Uses of internet of things

9. Challenges
• Huge amount of data will be created.
-Storage
-Routing
-Analyses
• Human rights
-Privacy
-Security

10. The Downsides of the IoT
• RFID & PRIVACY
• RFID & HEALTH
• RFID & ENVIRONMENT
• CHALLENGES

11. PRIVACY ISSUE
HTTP://WWW.RIGZONE.COM/NEWS/ARTICLE.ASP?A_ID=114884

12. RFID USED FOR...
• TRACKING EMPLOYEES AT WORK
• MONOTORING BATHROOM BREAKS
• TRACKING STUDENTS AT SCHOOL
• EMPLOYEES STAYING IN A SECURE ROOM TOO LONG.

13. POSSIBLE RISKS
• Unauthorized use: (1) For example, a student's location could
be monitored from a distance by a jealous girlfriend or
boyfriend, stalker, or pedophile. (2) Workers being tracked
when they're not working.
• Violation of conscience and religious freedom: information
stored on RFID could be accessed and used without a worker's
consent.
• Violation of free speech and association: At present, there
are few laws protecting the privacy of employees

14. HEALTH ISSUE
• Is there a risk due to the radiation used when exchanging data
between the tag and the reader?
• Is there risk associated with humans injecting implantable tags
beneath the skin?
• Is there a risk to patient from using tags in a medical
environment for patient identification or other applications?
“RFID reading devices in school restrooms could monitor how long a student
or teacher spends in a bathroom stall. ”

15. RESEARCH ON HEALTH
• “Very few and deeper research to date”
• Concerns were raised over the possibility that injectable RFID
tags could be linked to the development of cancerous tumors
(2008)
• (2010): US Food & Drug Administration has shown that there
is a risk of interference between RFID readers (especially low
frequency and high frequency readers) and implantable
pacemakers and defibrillators

16. ONLY RECOMMENDATIONS
• EU directive 2004/04 provides guidance on the minimum
health and safety requirements to be followed by employers
for not recognizing a "scientific evidence establishing a causal
relationship" of long-term effects due to exposure to
time varying electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields

17. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
• Nature of the materials used (silicium + copper)
• Tags are embedded in the objects
• Tags are (almost) hidden
• End-Of-Live concern in the waste management
• How to recycle the materials from the objects?

18. CHALLENGES
• Better understanding and control of RFID tags effects on waste
• Social debate on Privacy and security in IoT
• More research on relations betweem RFID, waste and health
• Need for information and public assessment
• "Best Practices" document for IoT implementation

19. The Main Idea
• things can communicate to each other without human.

20. Advantages
• Things on the move
• Retail
• Logistics
• Food
• Ubiquitous intelligent devices
• Ambient and assisted living
• Health
• Intelligent home
• Transportation

21. Some facts
• Walmart—uses RFID technology throughout its supply
chain, reducing CO2 emissions by 3.2%.
• DHL says the vehicle reduced the number of miles driven by
15% during its test in Germany, cutting both fuel consumption
and carbon dioxide emissions.

22. Disadvantages
• Privacy
• CASPIAN (consumer again supermarket privacy invasion and
numbering)
• Environmental issues
• Hindering from governments

23. German protest in Rheinberg
http://www.spychips.com/metro/protest.html

24. Recently
• Student Loses Lawsuit Challenging Texas School's RFID
Tracking Program
http://offthekuff.com/wp/?p=50059

25. Discussion
• Should we use RFID in general, id technologies for
products, things and even for animals ?
• If so, what do we have to do ?

26. Conclusion
• Policy for people in the IoT era
• Environment solutions
• RFID uses solar power
• Printed RFID antenna

27. Conclusion
• Every new technology has both positive and negative effects
(internet, social networks,…)
• We should have to balance, make advantage of the good
points

28. Conclusion

29. THANK YOU FOR YOUR LISTENING

30. References
• Governing Technology for Sustainability – Joseph Murphy
• SpyChips – Katherine Albrecht, Liz McIntyre
• ICT Shaping the world, A scientific view – ETSI
• Green Internet of Things (IoT) slides - Prof. Yuh-Shyan
Chen, Prof. Chih-Shun Hsu
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio-frequency_identification