The inhibitive effects ofNewbouldiaLaevis (NL) leaf extract and magnetic field on copper corrosion in 0.5M H2SO4 aqueous solution were investigated experimentally by gravimetric technique and theoretically using Quantum Chemical calculations. The results show that both NL and the magnetic field caused reduction in corrosion rate. The inhibition efficiency increased with concentration. The magnetic field caused greater increase in the inhibition efficiency. Temperature increase caused a decrease in inhibition efficiency. The activation energy is low and oscillates, possibly due to error factor from non-linearity of the Arrhenius plot. Among the tested isotherms, Langmuir has the highest correlation coefficient of 0.9963 and 0.7935 with and without magnet field respectively. The magnetic field increased the change in free energy, caused the reaction to become spontaneous, one mole of the inhibitor to replace 4 moles of water mole while reducing the number of monolayer of the inhibitor on the metal. The quantum chemical calculations performed on newbouldiaquinone and lapacholconstituents of NL showed that lapachol contributed more to the inhibition efficiency due its low binding energy, high dipole moment, chemical softness and fractional electron transfer. The magnetic field and temperature played opposite roles.
Ginger extract as corrosion inhibitor from natural resources was studied to prevent corrosion of mild steel in acid media. Ginger rhizome was extracted to produce green corrosion inhibitor (G-1) while ginger powder bought at supermarket was also extracted to form a green corrosion inhibitor (G-2). Effectiveness of inhibitor in preventing corrosion process of mild steel was studied in 1.0 M of hydrochloric acid
Experimental and Quantum Chemical Studies on the Corrosion Inhibition Perform...inventionjournals
Corrosion inhibition nature of a synthesized Schiff’s base was studied on the corrosion of mild steel in 1.0 M HCl using weight loss and electrochemical methods. The results indicated that the synthesized Schiff base is an effective inhibitor in reducing the corrosion of mild steel in 1.0 M HCl solution. The inhibitor efficiency of inhibitor increased with inhibitor concentration and showed maximum inhibition efficiency at 300 ppm concentration. The adsorption of inhibitor molecules on to the metal surface obeyed Langmuir Adsorption isotherm. The adsorption mechanism involved both physical and chemical adsorptions. The potentiodynamic polarization studies showed that the inhibitor is a mixed typed inhibitor with more cathodic nature. Potential of zero charge was also determined and the adsorption mechanism discussed. Quantum mechanical studies showed that the Schiff base molecules have the strong tendency to donate electron pairs to the metallic atoms on the surface
Corrosion Inhibition of Carbon Steel in Chloride and Sulfate SolutionsIJERA Editor
Corrosion is a major problem in industry and in infrastructure; a huge sum of expenditure every year is spent on
preventing, retarding, and repairing its damages. This work studies the engineering of an inhibitor for carbon
steel metal used in the cooling systems containing high concentration of chloride and sulfate ions. For this
purpose, the synergy between the dichromate, molybdate and nitrite inhibitors is examined and optimized to the
best results. Moreover, care was taken that the proposed inhibitor is compliant with the environmental laws and
regulations.
The effect of ethanol extract of leaves of Conyza Dicorides plant on the corrosion inhibition
of mild steel in 1M HCl solution was investigated by weight loss and electrochemical polarization
techniques at temperature range (25–65 ̊C). The Results obtained showed that the percentage
inhibition efficiency increases with the increasing of inhibitor concentration and decreases with the
increasing of temperature. At a concentration of 2 g/L, the percentage inhibition efficiency reached
about (94.87%) at 25 ̊C. The thermodynamic activation functions of dissolution process and
adsorption parameters were calculated and discussed. Adsorption of the additive was found to follow
the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.
Effect of plant extracts on corrosion rate of mild steel in acidic mediumPremier Publishers
2.5ml Ethanol is used on plant extracts of locus bean (parkiabiglobosa) and banana sap (musaparadisiaca) as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in 1M dilute HCl was investigated using weight loss techniques. Corrosion tests were first carried out for 1 and 3 hrs of immersion time respectively at various concentrations of extracts (0.5ml, 1.0ml, 1.5ml, 2.0ml and 2.5ml) and 2.5ml were used as corrosion inhibitors and at different temperatures (38oC, 45oC and 55oC). Results showed that the minimum corrosion rate obtained for 1 hr at 38oC with extract of Pakiabiglobosa is 0.85×10-4g/cm3/min and efficiency of 18.75% for 1hr, while at 55oC the corrosion rate was 4.37×10-4 g/cm3/min and efficiency of 33%. With ethanol extract of banana sap, minimum corrosion rate and efficiency recorded at 38°C were (4.16×10-4 g/cm3/min and efficiency of (22.1%), while at 55oC they were (0.83×10-4 g/cm3/min) and (7.6%) respectively. From these results, it is concluded that extracts of locust bean and banana sap can be successfully used as corrosion inhibitors in specified acidic medium.
Ginger extract as corrosion inhibitor from natural resources was studied to prevent corrosion of mild steel in acid media. Ginger rhizome was extracted to produce green corrosion inhibitor (G-1) while ginger powder bought at supermarket was also extracted to form a green corrosion inhibitor (G-2). Effectiveness of inhibitor in preventing corrosion process of mild steel was studied in 1.0 M of hydrochloric acid
Experimental and Quantum Chemical Studies on the Corrosion Inhibition Perform...inventionjournals
Corrosion inhibition nature of a synthesized Schiff’s base was studied on the corrosion of mild steel in 1.0 M HCl using weight loss and electrochemical methods. The results indicated that the synthesized Schiff base is an effective inhibitor in reducing the corrosion of mild steel in 1.0 M HCl solution. The inhibitor efficiency of inhibitor increased with inhibitor concentration and showed maximum inhibition efficiency at 300 ppm concentration. The adsorption of inhibitor molecules on to the metal surface obeyed Langmuir Adsorption isotherm. The adsorption mechanism involved both physical and chemical adsorptions. The potentiodynamic polarization studies showed that the inhibitor is a mixed typed inhibitor with more cathodic nature. Potential of zero charge was also determined and the adsorption mechanism discussed. Quantum mechanical studies showed that the Schiff base molecules have the strong tendency to donate electron pairs to the metallic atoms on the surface
Corrosion Inhibition of Carbon Steel in Chloride and Sulfate SolutionsIJERA Editor
Corrosion is a major problem in industry and in infrastructure; a huge sum of expenditure every year is spent on
preventing, retarding, and repairing its damages. This work studies the engineering of an inhibitor for carbon
steel metal used in the cooling systems containing high concentration of chloride and sulfate ions. For this
purpose, the synergy between the dichromate, molybdate and nitrite inhibitors is examined and optimized to the
best results. Moreover, care was taken that the proposed inhibitor is compliant with the environmental laws and
regulations.
The effect of ethanol extract of leaves of Conyza Dicorides plant on the corrosion inhibition
of mild steel in 1M HCl solution was investigated by weight loss and electrochemical polarization
techniques at temperature range (25–65 ̊C). The Results obtained showed that the percentage
inhibition efficiency increases with the increasing of inhibitor concentration and decreases with the
increasing of temperature. At a concentration of 2 g/L, the percentage inhibition efficiency reached
about (94.87%) at 25 ̊C. The thermodynamic activation functions of dissolution process and
adsorption parameters were calculated and discussed. Adsorption of the additive was found to follow
the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.
Effect of plant extracts on corrosion rate of mild steel in acidic mediumPremier Publishers
2.5ml Ethanol is used on plant extracts of locus bean (parkiabiglobosa) and banana sap (musaparadisiaca) as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in 1M dilute HCl was investigated using weight loss techniques. Corrosion tests were first carried out for 1 and 3 hrs of immersion time respectively at various concentrations of extracts (0.5ml, 1.0ml, 1.5ml, 2.0ml and 2.5ml) and 2.5ml were used as corrosion inhibitors and at different temperatures (38oC, 45oC and 55oC). Results showed that the minimum corrosion rate obtained for 1 hr at 38oC with extract of Pakiabiglobosa is 0.85×10-4g/cm3/min and efficiency of 18.75% for 1hr, while at 55oC the corrosion rate was 4.37×10-4 g/cm3/min and efficiency of 33%. With ethanol extract of banana sap, minimum corrosion rate and efficiency recorded at 38°C were (4.16×10-4 g/cm3/min and efficiency of (22.1%), while at 55oC they were (0.83×10-4 g/cm3/min) and (7.6%) respectively. From these results, it is concluded that extracts of locust bean and banana sap can be successfully used as corrosion inhibitors in specified acidic medium.
Red Dragon Fruit (Selenicereus costaricensis) Waste Peels as Corrosion Inhibi...Innspub Net
Metal corrosion is brought about by the oxidation of atoms on the surface, resulting in irreversible damage to structures at staggering costs. Hence, the search for efficient and cost-effective corrosion inhibitors is relevant. Waste agricultural by-products which have no food or economic value serve as good potential sources for these environmentally benign corrosion inhibitors. Ethanolic extracts of Red Dragon Fruit (RDF) have been previously reported to contain high amounts of flavonoids and polyphenols, which can manifest inhibitory activity against corrosion brought about by aggressive electrolytes. In this study, the ethanolic extract of Selenicereus costaricensis waste peels was tested for its anti-corrosion property using weight loss method. We have also probed its performance as a potential corrosion inhibitor at a range of different temperatures from 303 to 343 K. The calculated inhibition efficiency of 2% RDF was 97%. Thermodynamic studies reveal that increasing inhibitor concentration raises the activation parameters of mild steel in an acidic medium such as activation energy (Ea) and changes in enthalpy (DHo) and entropy (DSo). It was found that the corrosion inhibition process using RDF waste peel extract mainly occurs under diffusion control. Moreover, increased immersion time, inhibitor concentration, and temperature led to increased inhibition efficiency. The spontaneous process (DGoads = -23.47 kJ/mol) of adsorption of RDF on mild steel surfaces obeys the Langmuir isotherm model.
Combination of urea-Sn+2 in SCP solution was examined as a corrosion inhibitor for concrete reinforced steel by potentiodynamicpolarization, surface synergist parameter and cyclic voltammetry methods comparing with urea–Zn+2 combination. A synergism parameter (SI) indicated a synergistic effect between urea and Sn+2was exist. Polarization study revealed that formulation consisting of 300 ppm urea+50 ppm Sn+2 in SCP solution provided inhibition efficiency (IF) of 85.93% while 300 ppm urea +50 ppm Zn+2 provided 82.3% IF, and this combination acts as anodic type inhibitor. Cyclic voltammetry curves showed that the steel samples immersed in this formulation has low tendency to pitting corrosion. From these results it can be concluded that urea – Sn+2 inhibitor formulation is a good corrosion n inhibitor for concrete reinforced steel, it can maintain stable passive film on steel surface even in the presence of aggressive chloride ions so it can be used instead of the high toxicityZn+2 inhibitor to improve the corrosion inhibition of urea fertilizer inhibitor.
Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in HCl Medium by a Condensation Productijtsrd
A condensation product CP was successfully synthesized from reaction of dimethyl amino benzaldehyde and aniline giving yields of 80 . The compound was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared FTIR Spectroscopy. The corrosion inhibiting property of the CP on mild steel in HCl solution were investigated by the weight loss measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy EIS and linear polarization resistance LPR . The concentrations of CP were varied from 1 x 10 3 M to 5 x 10 3 M. The inhibition efficiencies obtained from all the methods employed were in good agreement where the percentage of inhibition efficiencies increased with concentration of CP. Results showed that CP was the better inhibitor with inhibition efficiency of 90 at 5 x 10 3 M additive concentration. This is likely due to the effect of its large molecular size, higher number of electroactive heteroatoms and bigger p electron cloud of the conjugated double bond system. Ganesha Achary "Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in HCl Medium by a Condensation Product" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30869.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/physical-chemistry/30869/corrosion-inhibition-of-mild-steel-in-hcl-medium-by-a-condensation-product/ganesha-achary
OXYSTELMA ESCULENTUM Stem Extracts as Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in A...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
The inhibition effect of hydralazine hydrochloride on corrosion of mild steel...Premier Publishers
The inhibition effect of the Hydralazine hydrochloride for mild steel corrosion in 1M HCl has been investigated. Polarization measurement indicates that the Hydralazine hydrochloride act as mixed-type inhibitor, which gives a maximum inhibition efficiency around 72 %. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to investigate the mechanism of corrosion inhibition gives around 76 % due to the formation of electrical double layer. Thermodynamic parameter such as ΔG0 ads value was obtained as -30.22 KJ/mol indications that inhibitor shows its inhibition effect due to the chemisorptions process. Scanning electron microscopic images gives a visual idea about the formation of the protective film on the mild steel surface to reduce the corrosion rate. So that the Hydralazine hydrochloride acts as an efficient mixed type corrosion inhibitor for mild steel corrosion in acid media.
Thermodynamic characterization of metal dissolution and inhibitor adsorption ...IJRES Journal
The inhibition effect of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (HMIC) on the corrosion of mild
steel in 2M sulphuric acid solution has been investigated by weight loss. potentiodynamic polarization and
electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The effect of temperature on the corrosion behavior of mild steel in
2M H2SO4 with addition of inhibitor was studied in weight loss method at the temperature range of 308-328 K.
Results obtained that the inhibition efficiency increases with increasing the concentration of the inhibitor and
decreases with increasing the temperature. Polarization and impedance measurements were in good agreement.
The adsorption of this inhibitor on the mild steel surface obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Fourier
transform spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also carried out to establish the
corrosion inhibit property of this inhibitor in sulphuric acid medium. Quantum chemical calculations were
performed using density functional theory to find out whether a clear link exists between the inhibitive effect of
the inhibitor and the electronic properties of its main constituents.
A Study of the Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in 0.5M Tetraoxosulphate (V...IJAEMSJORNAL
A comparative study of the corrosion inhibition performance of Alstonia boonei leaves extract in 0.5M tetraoxosulphate (VI) acid at different temperatures (30ᵒC, 50ᵒC and 70ᵒC) was undertaken. The results showed that Alstonia boonei leaves extract was more efficient as a corrosion inhibitor at 30ᵒC compared to temperatures of 50ᵒC and 70ᵒC.The adsorption of Alstonia boonei leaves extract was found to obey Langmuir adsorption isotherm at all temperatures (30ᵒC, 50ᵒC and 70ᵒC), but did not obey Freundlich adsorption isotherm at all temperatures. A study of the effect of temperature on corrosion rate and inhibition efficiency showed that corrosion rate increased with increase in temperature, while the inhibition efficiency decreased with increase in temperature.
Chemical and electrochemical studies of ranitidine as a corrosion inhibitor f...Premier Publishers
The corrosion inhibition of ranitidine on mild steel in hydrochloric acid medium was studied employing chemical and electrochemical methods. The results showed that the studied compound possessed good interaction on the metal surface and control both anodic and cathodic reactions. Studies pertaining to the determination of corrosion rate, percentage inhibition efficiency and variation of inhibitor concentration and temperature for the corrosion control process. Both anodic and cathodic polarized potentials were measured under galvanostatic and linear polarization techniques. The corrosion current density, corrosion potentials, Tafel slops and percentage inhibition efficiency were calculated. Thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption process were calculated and interpreted. The percentage inhibition efficiency obtained from both the methods was good agreement with each other. The corrosion protection was explained on the basis of adsorption of inhibitors on the metal surface. Adsorption of a compound on the mild steel surface was confirmed by FTIR spectra.
The corrosion protection of mild steel in 1 M H3PO4 solution by apricot juice was studied
at different temperatures by weight loss technique. Adsorption, activation and statistical studies
were addressed in this work. Adsorption studies showed that inhibitor adsorbed on metal surface
according to Langmuir isotherm. Average value of heat of adsorption was 14.93 kJ/mol indicates
a spontaneous physical adsorption on metal surface. Activation parameters did not changed with
addition of inhibitor indicates that there is no change in reaction mechanism. Analysis of variance
(ANOVA) was also applied. This analysis showed that the corrosion rate influenced by temperature,
inhibitor concentration and combined interaction of them.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Inhibition, kinetic and thermodynamic effects of new Azo derivatives on iron ...Al Baha University
This investigation is designed to apply an advanced kinetic-thermodynamic model on the experimental data obtained from acidic and alkaline corrosion of iron using mono- and bis-azo dyes as corrosion inhibitors. The inhibition properties of the tested azo dyes on corrosion of iron in HNO3 and NaOH media were analyzed by gravimetric, thermometric and polarization measurements. The three studied methods gave consistent results. Polarization study showed that all the inhibitors are mixed type in acidic, act mainly as cathodic in alkaline solution. The synthesized azo dye derivatives exhibit good inhibition properties, obeys the Frumkin adsorption isotherm. The large values of the change in the standard free energy of adsorption (∆Goads), equilibrium constant (Kads) and binding constant (Kb) revealed that the reactions proceed spontaneously and result in highly efficient physisorption mechanism and stronger electrical interaction between the double layer existing at the phase boundary and the adsorbing molecules. The inhibition efficiency depends on the number of adsorption oxygen sites (OH and OMe groups), their charge density and π-electron clouds. The inhibition efficiency evaluated via theoretical methods was well accorded with reported experimental ones, following the same order as: -naphthyl- ligand > -naphthyl>p-anisdine>p-toluidine >o-toluidine >m-toluidine derivative. This research might provide a theoretical inhibition performance evaluation approach for homologous inhibitors.
Inhibition of Sulphuric Acid Corrosion of Mild Steel by Surfactant and Its Ad...IOSR Journals
Abstract: The corrosion inhibition effect of surfactant, N,N-Dimethyl-N-(2-Phenoxyethyl)dodecan-1- aminiumbromide(DPDAB) on mild steel corrosion in 0.5M Sulphuric acid was investigated by weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopic techniques. DPDAB is an excellent inhibitor and its inhibition efficiency increases with increase in concentration and maximum inhibition efficiency was observed above the critical micelle concentration (CMC). The polarization curves reveal that DPDAB acts as mixed type inhibitor with predominantly of anodic type. The corrosion inhibition efficiency of DPDAB increases with increase in concentration and decreases with increase in temperature from 298K to 308K and then increases and shows maxima at 318K and then decreases at 328K.. The adsorption of the inhibitor on the mild steel in 0.5M H2SO4 was found to obey Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) confirmed the existence of an adsorbed protective film on the metal surface. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were calculated and discussed.
Halogen-substituted pyrazolo-pyrimidine derivatives as corrosion inhibitors f...Al Baha University
Sulfuric acid is widely used in several industrial fields, such as acid pickling, acid cleaning and acid descaling, which cause serious corrosion issues. Especially, copper being widely applied in industrial is vulnerable to be corroded by the acid. The usage of corrosion inhibitor is one of the most important techniques for controlling the corrosion. Several organic inhibitors containing hetero-atom, π-electrons and double bond have been applied for the corrosion inhibition of copper, which are found to exhibit high inhibiting properties by providing electrons to interact with metal surface. However, the use of several heterocyclic inhibitors has caused negative impact on the environment due to their toxicity and non-biodegradability. In this paper, pyrazolo-pyrimidine derivatives are found to attract great attention owing to their eco-friendly properties. Corrosion inhibited properties of three pyrazolo-pyrimidine derivatives namely 4-amino pyrazolo-pyrimidine (APP), 3-bromine 4-amino pyrazolo-pyrimidine (Br-APP) and 3-iodine 4-amino pyrazolo-pyrimidine (I-APP) on copper in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution were studied using electrochemical method and surface analysis techniques. Corrosion of copper has been largely inhibited by the inhibitors and the inhibited efficiency increase with the augment of concentration. The adsorption isotherms were simulated to explore the adsorption mode of inhibitors. Furthermore, theoretical calculations were applied to research the mechanism of inhibitors on copper.
Inhibitive properties, thermodynamic, kinetics and quantumAl Baha University
Inhibitive properties, thermodynamic, kinetics and quantum
chemical calculations of polydentate Schiff base compounds
as corrosion inhibitors for iron in acidic and alkaline media
Red Dragon Fruit (Selenicereus costaricensis) Waste Peels as Corrosion Inhibi...Innspub Net
Metal corrosion is brought about by the oxidation of atoms on the surface, resulting in irreversible damage to structures at staggering costs. Hence, the search for efficient and cost-effective corrosion inhibitors is relevant. Waste agricultural by-products which have no food or economic value serve as good potential sources for these environmentally benign corrosion inhibitors. Ethanolic extracts of Red Dragon Fruit (RDF) have been previously reported to contain high amounts of flavonoids and polyphenols, which can manifest inhibitory activity against corrosion brought about by aggressive electrolytes. In this study, the ethanolic extract of Selenicereus costaricensis waste peels was tested for its anti-corrosion property using weight loss method. We have also probed its performance as a potential corrosion inhibitor at a range of different temperatures from 303 to 343 K. The calculated inhibition efficiency of 2% RDF was 97%. Thermodynamic studies reveal that increasing inhibitor concentration raises the activation parameters of mild steel in an acidic medium such as activation energy (Ea) and changes in enthalpy (DHo) and entropy (DSo). It was found that the corrosion inhibition process using RDF waste peel extract mainly occurs under diffusion control. Moreover, increased immersion time, inhibitor concentration, and temperature led to increased inhibition efficiency. The spontaneous process (DGoads = -23.47 kJ/mol) of adsorption of RDF on mild steel surfaces obeys the Langmuir isotherm model.
Combination of urea-Sn+2 in SCP solution was examined as a corrosion inhibitor for concrete reinforced steel by potentiodynamicpolarization, surface synergist parameter and cyclic voltammetry methods comparing with urea–Zn+2 combination. A synergism parameter (SI) indicated a synergistic effect between urea and Sn+2was exist. Polarization study revealed that formulation consisting of 300 ppm urea+50 ppm Sn+2 in SCP solution provided inhibition efficiency (IF) of 85.93% while 300 ppm urea +50 ppm Zn+2 provided 82.3% IF, and this combination acts as anodic type inhibitor. Cyclic voltammetry curves showed that the steel samples immersed in this formulation has low tendency to pitting corrosion. From these results it can be concluded that urea – Sn+2 inhibitor formulation is a good corrosion n inhibitor for concrete reinforced steel, it can maintain stable passive film on steel surface even in the presence of aggressive chloride ions so it can be used instead of the high toxicityZn+2 inhibitor to improve the corrosion inhibition of urea fertilizer inhibitor.
Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in HCl Medium by a Condensation Productijtsrd
A condensation product CP was successfully synthesized from reaction of dimethyl amino benzaldehyde and aniline giving yields of 80 . The compound was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared FTIR Spectroscopy. The corrosion inhibiting property of the CP on mild steel in HCl solution were investigated by the weight loss measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy EIS and linear polarization resistance LPR . The concentrations of CP were varied from 1 x 10 3 M to 5 x 10 3 M. The inhibition efficiencies obtained from all the methods employed were in good agreement where the percentage of inhibition efficiencies increased with concentration of CP. Results showed that CP was the better inhibitor with inhibition efficiency of 90 at 5 x 10 3 M additive concentration. This is likely due to the effect of its large molecular size, higher number of electroactive heteroatoms and bigger p electron cloud of the conjugated double bond system. Ganesha Achary "Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in HCl Medium by a Condensation Product" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30869.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/physical-chemistry/30869/corrosion-inhibition-of-mild-steel-in-hcl-medium-by-a-condensation-product/ganesha-achary
OXYSTELMA ESCULENTUM Stem Extracts as Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in A...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
The inhibition effect of hydralazine hydrochloride on corrosion of mild steel...Premier Publishers
The inhibition effect of the Hydralazine hydrochloride for mild steel corrosion in 1M HCl has been investigated. Polarization measurement indicates that the Hydralazine hydrochloride act as mixed-type inhibitor, which gives a maximum inhibition efficiency around 72 %. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to investigate the mechanism of corrosion inhibition gives around 76 % due to the formation of electrical double layer. Thermodynamic parameter such as ΔG0 ads value was obtained as -30.22 KJ/mol indications that inhibitor shows its inhibition effect due to the chemisorptions process. Scanning electron microscopic images gives a visual idea about the formation of the protective film on the mild steel surface to reduce the corrosion rate. So that the Hydralazine hydrochloride acts as an efficient mixed type corrosion inhibitor for mild steel corrosion in acid media.
Thermodynamic characterization of metal dissolution and inhibitor adsorption ...IJRES Journal
The inhibition effect of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (HMIC) on the corrosion of mild
steel in 2M sulphuric acid solution has been investigated by weight loss. potentiodynamic polarization and
electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The effect of temperature on the corrosion behavior of mild steel in
2M H2SO4 with addition of inhibitor was studied in weight loss method at the temperature range of 308-328 K.
Results obtained that the inhibition efficiency increases with increasing the concentration of the inhibitor and
decreases with increasing the temperature. Polarization and impedance measurements were in good agreement.
The adsorption of this inhibitor on the mild steel surface obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Fourier
transform spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also carried out to establish the
corrosion inhibit property of this inhibitor in sulphuric acid medium. Quantum chemical calculations were
performed using density functional theory to find out whether a clear link exists between the inhibitive effect of
the inhibitor and the electronic properties of its main constituents.
A Study of the Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in 0.5M Tetraoxosulphate (V...IJAEMSJORNAL
A comparative study of the corrosion inhibition performance of Alstonia boonei leaves extract in 0.5M tetraoxosulphate (VI) acid at different temperatures (30ᵒC, 50ᵒC and 70ᵒC) was undertaken. The results showed that Alstonia boonei leaves extract was more efficient as a corrosion inhibitor at 30ᵒC compared to temperatures of 50ᵒC and 70ᵒC.The adsorption of Alstonia boonei leaves extract was found to obey Langmuir adsorption isotherm at all temperatures (30ᵒC, 50ᵒC and 70ᵒC), but did not obey Freundlich adsorption isotherm at all temperatures. A study of the effect of temperature on corrosion rate and inhibition efficiency showed that corrosion rate increased with increase in temperature, while the inhibition efficiency decreased with increase in temperature.
Chemical and electrochemical studies of ranitidine as a corrosion inhibitor f...Premier Publishers
The corrosion inhibition of ranitidine on mild steel in hydrochloric acid medium was studied employing chemical and electrochemical methods. The results showed that the studied compound possessed good interaction on the metal surface and control both anodic and cathodic reactions. Studies pertaining to the determination of corrosion rate, percentage inhibition efficiency and variation of inhibitor concentration and temperature for the corrosion control process. Both anodic and cathodic polarized potentials were measured under galvanostatic and linear polarization techniques. The corrosion current density, corrosion potentials, Tafel slops and percentage inhibition efficiency were calculated. Thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption process were calculated and interpreted. The percentage inhibition efficiency obtained from both the methods was good agreement with each other. The corrosion protection was explained on the basis of adsorption of inhibitors on the metal surface. Adsorption of a compound on the mild steel surface was confirmed by FTIR spectra.
The corrosion protection of mild steel in 1 M H3PO4 solution by apricot juice was studied
at different temperatures by weight loss technique. Adsorption, activation and statistical studies
were addressed in this work. Adsorption studies showed that inhibitor adsorbed on metal surface
according to Langmuir isotherm. Average value of heat of adsorption was 14.93 kJ/mol indicates
a spontaneous physical adsorption on metal surface. Activation parameters did not changed with
addition of inhibitor indicates that there is no change in reaction mechanism. Analysis of variance
(ANOVA) was also applied. This analysis showed that the corrosion rate influenced by temperature,
inhibitor concentration and combined interaction of them.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Inhibition, kinetic and thermodynamic effects of new Azo derivatives on iron ...Al Baha University
This investigation is designed to apply an advanced kinetic-thermodynamic model on the experimental data obtained from acidic and alkaline corrosion of iron using mono- and bis-azo dyes as corrosion inhibitors. The inhibition properties of the tested azo dyes on corrosion of iron in HNO3 and NaOH media were analyzed by gravimetric, thermometric and polarization measurements. The three studied methods gave consistent results. Polarization study showed that all the inhibitors are mixed type in acidic, act mainly as cathodic in alkaline solution. The synthesized azo dye derivatives exhibit good inhibition properties, obeys the Frumkin adsorption isotherm. The large values of the change in the standard free energy of adsorption (∆Goads), equilibrium constant (Kads) and binding constant (Kb) revealed that the reactions proceed spontaneously and result in highly efficient physisorption mechanism and stronger electrical interaction between the double layer existing at the phase boundary and the adsorbing molecules. The inhibition efficiency depends on the number of adsorption oxygen sites (OH and OMe groups), their charge density and π-electron clouds. The inhibition efficiency evaluated via theoretical methods was well accorded with reported experimental ones, following the same order as: -naphthyl- ligand > -naphthyl>p-anisdine>p-toluidine >o-toluidine >m-toluidine derivative. This research might provide a theoretical inhibition performance evaluation approach for homologous inhibitors.
Inhibition, kinetic and thermodynamic effects of new Azo derivatives on iron ...
Similar to Investigative studies on the inhibitive effects of Newbouldialaevis extracts and magnetic fields on copper corrosion in aqueous acidic media
Inhibition of Sulphuric Acid Corrosion of Mild Steel by Surfactant and Its Ad...IOSR Journals
Abstract: The corrosion inhibition effect of surfactant, N,N-Dimethyl-N-(2-Phenoxyethyl)dodecan-1- aminiumbromide(DPDAB) on mild steel corrosion in 0.5M Sulphuric acid was investigated by weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopic techniques. DPDAB is an excellent inhibitor and its inhibition efficiency increases with increase in concentration and maximum inhibition efficiency was observed above the critical micelle concentration (CMC). The polarization curves reveal that DPDAB acts as mixed type inhibitor with predominantly of anodic type. The corrosion inhibition efficiency of DPDAB increases with increase in concentration and decreases with increase in temperature from 298K to 308K and then increases and shows maxima at 318K and then decreases at 328K.. The adsorption of the inhibitor on the mild steel in 0.5M H2SO4 was found to obey Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) confirmed the existence of an adsorbed protective film on the metal surface. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were calculated and discussed.
Halogen-substituted pyrazolo-pyrimidine derivatives as corrosion inhibitors f...Al Baha University
Sulfuric acid is widely used in several industrial fields, such as acid pickling, acid cleaning and acid descaling, which cause serious corrosion issues. Especially, copper being widely applied in industrial is vulnerable to be corroded by the acid. The usage of corrosion inhibitor is one of the most important techniques for controlling the corrosion. Several organic inhibitors containing hetero-atom, π-electrons and double bond have been applied for the corrosion inhibition of copper, which are found to exhibit high inhibiting properties by providing electrons to interact with metal surface. However, the use of several heterocyclic inhibitors has caused negative impact on the environment due to their toxicity and non-biodegradability. In this paper, pyrazolo-pyrimidine derivatives are found to attract great attention owing to their eco-friendly properties. Corrosion inhibited properties of three pyrazolo-pyrimidine derivatives namely 4-amino pyrazolo-pyrimidine (APP), 3-bromine 4-amino pyrazolo-pyrimidine (Br-APP) and 3-iodine 4-amino pyrazolo-pyrimidine (I-APP) on copper in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution were studied using electrochemical method and surface analysis techniques. Corrosion of copper has been largely inhibited by the inhibitors and the inhibited efficiency increase with the augment of concentration. The adsorption isotherms were simulated to explore the adsorption mode of inhibitors. Furthermore, theoretical calculations were applied to research the mechanism of inhibitors on copper.
Inhibitive properties, thermodynamic, kinetics and quantumAl Baha University
Inhibitive properties, thermodynamic, kinetics and quantum
chemical calculations of polydentate Schiff base compounds
as corrosion inhibitors for iron in acidic and alkaline media
Inhibitive properties, thermodynamic, kinetics and quantum
chemical calculations of polydentate Schiff base compounds
as corrosion inhibitors for iron in acidic and alkaline media
Experimental and theoretical investigations of some pyrazolo-pyrimidine deriv...Al Baha University
The anticorrosion performance of three pyrazolo-pyrimidine derivatives, namely, 4-amino pyrazolo-pyrimidine
(APP), 4-hydroxy pyrazolo-pyrimidine (HPP), and 4-mercapto pyrazolo-pyrimidine (MPP) on copper in 0.5M
H2SO4 solution have been investigated using electrochemical, surface analysis, as well as theoretical techniques.
The results indicate that these inhibitors have largely inhibited the corrosion of copper and the inhibition efficiency
increased with increasing concentration. Moreover, the inhibitors adsorb on copper surface following
Langmuir adsorption isotherm. XPS analysis were performed for describing the bonding characteristics between
inhibitors and copper substrate. Furthermore, DFT and molecular dynamics simulation calculations were applied
to further explain the anti-corrosion mechanism.
Inhibition Effect of Hydantoin Compounds on the Corrosion of Iron in Nitric a...Al Baha University
The inhibition of corrosion of iron in 2M nitric acid and 2M sulfuric acid solutions by substituted phenylhydantoin, thiohydantoin, and dithiohydantoin compounds was measured using thermometric, weight loss, and polarization methods. The three methods gave consistent results. The polarization curves indicated that the hydantoin compounds act as mixed-type inhibitors. The adsorption of the inhibitors were found to obey the Temkin adsorption isotherm. The higher inhibition ef®ciency of the additives in nitric with respect to sulfuric acid solution may be attributed to the reduced formation of soluble quaternary nitrogen salts in nitric acid medium, favouring adsorption of the parent additive on the metal surface. The obtained results indicate that the corrosion rate of iron in both acids increases with increasing temperature, both in absence and presence of the tested inhibitors. Kinetic-thermodynamic model functions and Temkin isotherm data are compared and discussed. The synergistic effect of halide anions on the inhibition ef®ciency of the hydantoin compounds was also investigated.
The corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in seawater solution (3.5%NaCl and DMSO) by pure
curcumin has been studied at temperature range (298-328K) and different concentrations (2.7*10-6
,1.3*10-5
,2.7*10-
5
,3.2*10-5M) using potentiostatic techniques. The results showed that the best corrosion inhibition efficiency was
obtained with2.7*10-5Mpure curcumin concentration which reach to 77.5% at 298K.The corrosionrate increase
with increase temperature at all purecurcuminconcentrations.Thecorrosion rate decreasewith
purecurcuminconcentration increaseup to 2.7*10-5Mthen with increasing pure curcumin concentration than 2.7*10-
5M the corrosion ratewill be increase. Apparent activation energy, Arrhenius factor, free energyΔG*
, enthalpy ΔH*
and entropy ΔS*
for corrosion processeswere calculated. The inhibition mechanism according to adsorption of pure
curcumin molecules in the interface metal/solution and Langmuir adsorption isotherm type were applied.
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Thiazolyl Blue as a Corrosion I...Al Baha University
The anticorrosion effect of thiazolyl blue (MTT) for copper in 3% NaCl at 298 K
was researched by electrochemical methods, scanning electron-microscopy (SEM), and atomic
force microscopy (AFM). The results reveal that MTT can protect copper efficiently, with a
maximum efficiency of 95.7%. The corrosion inhibition mechanism was investigated by X-ray
photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectral (FT-IR), and theoretical
calculation. The results suggest that the MTT molecules are adsorbed on metal surface forming a
hydrophobic protective film to prevent copper corrosion. It also indicates that the MTT and copper
form covalent bonds. The molecular dynamic simulation further gives the evidence for adsorption.
The adsorption isotherm studies demonstrate that a spontaneous, mixed physical and chemical
adsorption occurs, which obeys Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The present research can help us
better understand the corrosion inhibition process and improve it.
Using Ethylthiazole-4-Carboxylate as Inhibitor for Copper Corrosion in 0.5 M ...paperpublications3
Abstract: In this research was the study effect of ethylthiazole-4-carboxylate as inhibitor on copper corrosion in 0.5M HCl acid by using weight loss and polarization methods, results showed of decrease corrosion current density and corrosion rate with increasing inhibitor concentration of corrosion at 30 C and corresponding increase the efficiency of inhibition and surface coverage, the same way for the temperature of 40 and 50 C , where efficiency decreases depending on the temperature increase. Increase the inhibitor concentration, increased energy both activation, enthalpy and free of adsorption and decreased entropy energy, and this shows that the inhibitor has good energy to activate the process of adsorption and desorption be chemical type from good type inhibitor. Formation layer of film due found oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur molecules which have a crucial role to build the film.
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Investigative studies on the inhibitive effects of Newbouldialaevis extracts and magnetic fields on copper corrosion in aqueous acidic media
1. Research Inventy: International Journal of Engineering And Science
Vol.6, Issue 2 (February 2016), PP -05-14
Issn (e): 2278-4721, Issn (p):2319-6483, www.researchinventy.com
5
Investigative studies on the inhibitive effects of Newbouldialaevis
extracts and magnetic fields on copper corrosion in aqueous
acidic media
Kelechukwu B Okeoma1,
;Ihebrodike M Mejeha2,
Sydney C Akajiaku3,
;
Francis C Eze4,
C.E. Orji5,
1-5
Materials Science Group Department of Physics, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo
State, NIGERIA
Abstract:- The inhibitive effects ofNewbouldiaLaevis (NL) leaf extract and magnetic field on copper corrosion
in 0.5M H2SO4 aqueous solution were investigated experimentally by gravimetric technique and theoretically
using Quantum Chemical calculations. The results show that both NL and the magnetic field caused reduction
in corrosion rate. The inhibition efficiency increased with concentration. The magnetic field caused greater
increase in the inhibition efficiency. Temperature increase caused a decrease in inhibition efficiency. The
activation energy is low and oscillates, possibly due to error factor from non-linearity of the Arrhenius plot.
Among the tested isotherms, Langmuir has the highest correlation coefficient of 0.9963 and 0.7935 with and
without magnet field respectively. The magnetic field increased the change in free energy, caused the reaction to
become spontaneous, one mole of the inhibitor to replace 4 moles of water mole while reducing the number of
monolayer of the inhibitor on the metal. The quantum chemical calculations performed on newbouldiaquinone
and lapacholconstituents of NL showed that lapachol contributed more to the inhibition efficiency due its low
binding energy, high dipole moment, chemical softness and fractional electron transfer. The magnetic field and
temperature played opposite roles.
Keywords: Copper, Newbouldialaevis, Magnetic field, Inhibition Efficiency, Quantum Chemical Calculation
I. Introduction
Copper is extensively used in various industrial and domestic applications due to its favourable high
electrical and heat conductivities. The usage includes in electronics for metallization, wire production, heat sink;
heat exchanger systems and other electrical appliances [1]. In all these applications the metal is found to be
exposed to myriad environmental conditions which adversely affect its physical and chemical properties despite
its corrosion resistance under atmospheric conditions. The need to mitigate or control the degradation of copper
metals exposed to aggressive conditions has been a subject of study and has attracted many researcher and
various inhibitors have been under investigation. These include inorganic inhibitors [2], organic inhibitors of
azole derivatives [3-10], amines [11-14]; amino acid [15-16] and green organic inhibitors [17-19]. The
inhibitive actions of the various organic molecules and compounds are favoured by the various organic
heteroatoms of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorous and oxygen in the molecules and multiple of bonds or aromatic
rings in their structures [1, 19- 20]. Other contributing factors are the molecular chain length, size, and the
strength [19]. The underling effects of the inhibition of copper corrosion by organic compounds is attributed to
the presence of the vacant d orbital in copper atom that forms coordinative bonds with atoms which are capable
of donating electrons and the interaction between the metal and the compounds containing conjugated bonds and
- electrons. Many a times, the consideration in the application of an inhibitor apart from the efficacy is its
suitability in terms of low level of toxicity, cheapness and availability, eco-friendliness, and renewable. For
these reasons, the studies of bio-gradable substances have become viable options. [21-25]. Newbouldialaevis
from which lapachol and newbouldiaquinone are derived is under current investigation. Lapachol has been
investigated to possess moderate herbicidal, anti-fungal, and antibacterial properties while newbouldiaquinone
possesses antibacterial properties [26]. The current study involves (i) the gravimetric investigation of the
0.5MH2SO4 acid corrosion of copper in both blank and with the extract newbouldialaevis in the presence of
magnetic fields and (ii) a Quantum Chemical calculations on lapachol and newbouldiaquinone to determine
their contributions to the efficacy of the newbouldialaevis extract in the corrosion inhibition.
2. Investigative studies on the inhibitive effects of Newbouldialaevis…
6
II. Methodology.
2.1 Materials
A polycrystalline copper (99.9%) coupons of dimensions 0.5x2x5 cm in which a hole of diameter 0.5cm was
drilled was used. Before all measurements, the coupons were polished successively with metallographic emery
paper between (600 and 1200) grits, then washed with doubly distilled water, degreased with acetone and again
washed using distilled water and finally allowed to dry in air at room temperature.
2.2. Corrodent Preparation
0.5M sulphuric acid was prepared from 98% purity concentrated sulphuric acid obtained from Fin Lab.
Nigeria Ltd. From which 300ml was introduced in the beaker for the experiments.
2.3 Inhibition Preparation
A stock solution of the inhibitor was prepared by refluxing 20g of the dried Newbouldialaevis leaf powder
with 300ml of the dilute 0.5MH2SO4 for three hours. Then the refluxed solution was allowed to cool and filtered
using weighed handkerchief. From the solution different concentrations of (7.0 x10-3
to 6.0x 10-2
M) were
obtained.
2.4 Gravimetric Technique
The pre-weighed copper specimens (in triplicate) were suspended for two hours in the 0.5M H2SO4 in both
blank and after different concentrations of the inhibitors were introduced. This process was repeated for the
presence of magnetic fields provided by the laboratory constructed electromagnet which produced magnetic
field of flux density of about 0.2T. The effect of temperature was investigated by dipping both the blank and the
inhibited solution in water bath for two hours. After the two hours, the coupons were removed, washed with the
distilled water, dried in air, and re-weighed. The weight loss was determined from the difference between the
initial weight w1 and the final weight w2. The corrosion rate was obtained using equation (1)
𝜌 =
𝑘𝑊
𝐴 𝑡
(1)
Where w is the weight loss, A is the exposed area, t is the time of exposure, and k is constant given as 3.16x106
to give in mm/y.
And a number of authors have used the inhibition efficiency expressed [7, 27] as (2):
𝐼𝐸 =
𝜌0−𝜌1
𝜌0
𝑥100 (2)
The surface coverage as:
𝜃 =
𝜌0−𝜌1
𝜌0
(3)
Where 𝜌0 , 𝜌1 are the corrosion rates of the blank and the inhibited samples.
III. Results and Discussions
3.1 Corrosion rate
3.1.1 Comparison of the effects of heat on the bank and inhibited samples of copper in 0.5MH2SO4 acid
solution.
The corrosion rates for the blank and inhibited samples between 300
C and 600
C at different concentrations
are presented in Fig. 1. The corrosion rate for all the blank coupons increased progressively with temperature,
between the temperatures 300
C and 600
C. In all the inhibited samples, the corrosion rate decreased with increase
in concentration but increased with
temperature.
3. Investigative studies on the inhibitive effects of Newbouldialaevis…
7
Fig1: Shows the variation of corrosion rate with inhibitor concentration at different temperatures.
The graphs plotted in figure 1 shows a jump in corrosion rate after the 500
C. This points to the fact that the
inhibitor was able to reduce corrosion processes within the temperature range of 300
C and 500
C, but above these
temperatures, there may havebeen weaken of the interaction forces between the metal surface and the inhibitor
molecules and the inhibitor molecules themselves. Therefore the application of heat energy goes to destroy the
electrostatic interaction forces between the positively charged metal surface and the negatively charged inhibitor
molecules [28].
3.1.2: The corrosion processes in the presence and in the absence of magnetic for the inhibited samples.
0 50 100 150 200 250
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
inhibitorefficiency(%)
inhibitor concentration (mg/l)
magnetic field
absence of magnetic field
Fig.2: Shows the graph of inhibition efficiency against concentrations in presence and in the absence of
Magnetic fields for 2hours exposure in copper corrosion in 0.5MH2SO4 sulphuric acid solution.
Table1: presents the variation of inhibition efficiency and inhibitor concentration, (Conc.) for the blank and
inhibited samples in presence, (PMF) and in the absence, (AMF) of magnetic fields.
Inhibition efficiency
AMF PMF
Blank - 1.1
Inhibited samples
Conc. (mg/l)
26.86 22.18 38.69
53.64 32.72 54.51
107.28 33.33 66.29
160.92 37.84 77.15
214.56 55.56 77.53
From the table 1, column 2 gives the inhibition efficiency in the absence of magnetic fields for 2 hour exposure
in 0.5M sulphuric acid corrosion of copper in different inhibitor concentrations. It can be seen that the inhibition
efficiency increased with concentration of the inhibitor. The third column shows the blank and the inhibited
samples in the presence of magnetic fields. It can be observed that the magnetic fields have very little effects
0 50 100 150 200 250
5
10
15
20
25
30
corrosionrte
inhibition conc (mg/l)
30
0
c
40
0
c
50
0
c
60
0
c
4. Investigative studies on the inhibitive effects of Newbouldialaevis…
8
causing of 1.1% efficiency. For the inhibiting coupons that were exposed to magnetic fields, it is particularly
interesting to note that efficiency increased with concentration and the efficiency is higher than in the inhibited
and in the absence of magnetic fields. This means that the magnetic fields increase the corrosion resistance for
the inhibited samples, hence increase in efficiency. This increase may be attributed to the role of magnetic fields
in enhancing the attractive forces between the inhibitor molecules and the surface of the corroding metal. These
result to the formation of well-oriented and well-ordered chains of aligned molecules on the surface of the
metal. This interaction prevented corrodent penetration, hence increase in corrosion inhibition.
Comparing the results of the last section and the present, it can be inferred that the magnetic energy is playing
an opposing roles with the thermal energy.
3.2 Kinetic and Thermodynamic corrosion parameters.
The data obtained when the corroding systems were subjected to temperatures between 300
C and 600
C are fitted
into Arrhenius equation so as to determine the pre-exponential factor, A and the apparent activation energy, 𝐸𝑎𝑐 ,
using the following relationship:
𝑙𝑛𝑅𝑐 = ln 𝐴 −
𝐸 𝑎𝑐
𝑘𝑇
(4)
Where Rc is the corrosion rate, A, is the pre-exponential factor, Eac, is the apparent activation energy for the
corrosion process and T is the absolute temperature, k is the Boltzmann constant. The plot of lnRC against T-1
is
shown in the figure3 below.
3.00 3.05 3.10 3.15 3.20 3.25 3.30
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
lncr(mm/y)
T
-1
( kelvin
-1
)
0.00
26.82mg/l
53.64mg/l
107.28mg/l
160.92mg/l
214.56mg/l
Fig. 3: The graph of lnRc against T-1
for copper corrosion for blank and inhibited in 0.5MH2SO4, solution
between 300
C and 600
C.
These graphs were analyzed for linear relationship between the lnRc and T-1
, the regression coefficient, R2
was
very low, then when polynomial fitting was applied the regression coefficient, R2
close 1 was realizedand the
results are shown on the table 2.
Table 2: shows the intercept value, (IV), slope, B1, the apparent activation energy, correction factor, B2 on the
activation energy and R2
values of the Arrhenius plot for the blank and inhibited samples for copper corrosion in
0.5MH2SO4 within 300
C and 600
C.
IV B1 Eac B2 R2
Blank 92.47 -59.00 -409.59 9.12 0.9460
Inhibited
Conc.
26.82 106.41 -67.34 -559.93 10.34 0.9460
53.64 84.54 -52.91 -439.95 7.97 0.9505
107.28 123.55 -77.70 -646.08 11.90 0.9994
160.92 113.99 -71.72 -596.35 10.96 0.9726
214.56 75.97 -46.81 -389.23 6.87 0.8722
5. Investigative studies on the inhibitive effects of Newbouldialaevis…
9
The table shows that B1 which represents the apparent activation energy, Eac, is low and oscillates. This
indicates that the reaction process of the corroding system is not only concentration dependent rather it depends
also on the temperature. The fourth column B2 is an additional parameter which may be regarded as a correction
factor or deviation factor and is a function of the temperature. The last column is the regression coefficient R2
,
which gives a high correlation between the experimental data with the Arrhenius equation. With this result
shows that a modify Arrhenius equation may be proposed as:
𝑅 𝐶 = 𝐴𝑒
[−
𝐸 𝑎𝑐
𝑅𝑇
+
𝐵
𝑅 𝑇2]
(5)
B is the correction factor on the activation energy.
In this corroding system, the trend of activation energy does not correspond to the trend of the changes in
corrosion rate, large values of activation energy does not correspond to low values of corrosion rate. This
substantiates the fact that the corrosion activities in this system may not only be concentration dependents. More
so, the presence of the correct factor indicates that other physical properties can be explored.
3.3 The Isotherms
To further analyze the obtained data the following isotherms Langmuir, Temkin, Frumkin, Damaskin-Parson
and Flory-Huggin are carefully fitted to determine the isotherm with highest regression coefficient, R2
that can
be used to represent the corrosion processes in both absence and in the presence of magnetic fields. The general
formula used to describe these isotherms is given [14]:
𝑓 𝜃, 𝑥 exp −2𝑎𝜃 = 𝐾𝐶 (6)
Where (𝑓 𝜃, 𝑥 is configuration factor, , the surface coverage, C, the inhibitor concentration, K is the
adsorption constant and a is the molecular interaction parameter. The adsorption of the inhibitor molecule,
(NBL) and the number of moles of water displaced can be represented [8]:
NBLaqs + χH2Oads↔ NBLads +χH2Oaqs (7)
And the Gib’s free energy can be determined from
−∆𝐺 = 𝑅𝑇ln(55.5𝐾) (8)
Where χ is the number of water molecules displace by the inhibitor. R, is the gas constant. 55.5 is water
concentration in the solution in mol/L.
The data in table 1 were used to determine which isotherm that has the best fit. The results of the following
isotherms:
Langmuir, Temkin, Frumkin, Flory-Huggin, and Damaskin-Parson [7] were obtained and are presented in table
3.
Table 3: Comparison of the Langmuir, Temkin, Frumkin, Flory-Huggin, and Damaskin- Parson isotherms for
inhibited copper corrosion 0.5MH2SO4 solution (a) in the absence (b) in the presence of magnetic fields.
(a) Absence of magnetic fields
Slope Intercept R2
Langmuir 1.6153 101.681 0.7935
Temkin 0.1269 -0.202 0.6886
Frumkin 1.6959 4.452 -0.0346
Flory-Huggin -1.8834 4.656 0.3274
Damaskin-Parson -- -- ---
(b) Presence of magnetic fields
Slope Intercept R2
Langmuir 1.0864 40.563 0.9963
Temkin 0.1935 -0.238 0.9800
Frumkin 0.7022 3.4669 0.4212
6. Investigative studies on the inhibitive effects of Newbouldialaevis…
10
Flory-Huggin -1.2607 3.630 0.9546
Damaskin-Parson -7.1608 5.206 0.9581
(χ =4)
From the data presented in table 3, the effects of magnetic field (b) have distinguishing features in the
coefficient of regression, the slope, and the intercepts. The regression coefficients are very low in the absence of
magnetic fields, implying high randomness and deviation of the experimental data from the theory; however,
data obtained for the case of the presence of magnetic field have very high regression coefficients. This means
that the presence of magnetic fields reduce the degree of randomness and the experimental data fitted very well
to the theory, these bring out the effects of magnetic fields on the corrosion process. The magnetic field might
have caused reduction in the randomness of the corrosion activities by increasing the amount of cohesive forces
between the molecules.
Remarkably, the slope of the Langmuir isotherm shows that in the presence of magnetic fields, one monolayer
of the inhibitor molecule is adsorbed compare with approximately two monolayers for the case of absence of
magnetic fields. The implication is that the application of magnetic fields reduces the amount of energy
(inhibitor) used, hence causing increase in the inhibition efficiency. Considering the Damaskin- Parson
isotherm, there are no results in the case of absence of magnetic fields, but in the presence of magnetic fields, it
is noticed that the number of water molecules displaced by a molecule of the inhibitor is 4. This is an indication
of the effect of the magnetic field on the inhibition by newbouldialaevis extract on corroding copper in 0.5M
H2SO4 aqueous solution. This implies that the magnetic fields facilitated the inhibition process. Furthermore,
comparing the values of the regression coefficient for the absence and presence of magnetic fields, it can be
observed that in the presence of magnetic fields, the coefficients of regression have higher values. It can be
noticed that for the Frumkin isotherm, the coefficient of regression changed from negative value in the absence
of magnetic field to positive value in the presence of magnetic fields. This implies improvement in the quality
due to the application of magnetic field. Another effect of magnetic field on the inhibited corrosion of copper in
0.5M H2SO4 solution can be deduced from the value of free energy of the corrosion, this is calculated as[8]
using equation (8). The change in free energy can be used to assess the spontaneity and direction of the
corrosion reaction taking place in the copper corrosion. For the case without magnetic field, G =1.51kJ/Mol,
while in the presence of magnetic field it is -0.783kJ, these values show that the magnetic field caused the
reaction to change from nonspontaneous to spontaneous, but did not change the nature of the reaction, both are
physically adsorbed, since G -20kJ/mol. The results from the isotherms indicate enhancement in the
attractive interaction between the inhibitor molecules and the corroding system due to the presence of magnetic
fields. These may have been as a result of well aligned molecules of the inhibitors, which resulted in the
improvement of the quality of the inhibition and hence in higher regression coefficient due to application of
magnetic fields. The results discussed are in accordance with the observations made by Maayta, et al [28] as
they discussed the effects of magnetic field on corrosion of iron using linear Alkyl benzene sulponate in the
presence of magnetic field.
3.4 Quantum Chemical Calculations on LapacholandNewbouldiaquinone.
Quantum chemical calculations were performed on lapachol and newbouldiaquinone constituents of
newbouldialaevis in order to compare their roles and contributions to the efficiency of the inhibitor materials on
the corroding system. The structures and optimized structures are shown in figures 4and 5.
(i)
7. Investigative studies on the inhibitive effects of Newbouldialaevis…
11
(ii)
(iii)
Fig4 shows the (i) structure, (ii) HOMO and (iii) LUMO of newbouldiaquinone.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Fig. 5 shows the (i) structure (ii) HOMO (iii) LUMO of lapachol
8. Investigative studies on the inhibitive effects of Newbouldialaevis…
12
In figure 4 is presented (i) structure, and the optimized structures (ii) HOMO and (iii) LUMO of
Newbouldiaquinone and Figure 5 is presented (i) the structure and optimized structures (ii) HOMO and (ii)
LUMO oflapachol.
Table 4: shows the results of the quantum chemical calculations performed on newbouldiaquinone and lapachol.
Properties Lapachol Newbouldialaevis
EHOMO (eV) -4.766 -5.635
ELUMO (eV) -3.655 -3.914
Dipole moment (D) 4.575 1.686
Energy gap (eV) -1.111 -1.721
Chemical softness 0.901 0.578
Fractional Electron
Transfer 0.286 0.171
The quantum chemical calculations were performed on newbouldiaquinone and lapachol using DMol 3, version
7 of Materials Studio. The quantum chemical data: dipole moment, binding energy, chemical softness, fractional
electron transfer, energy of highest occupied molecular orbit (EHOMO), energy of the lowest unoccupied
molecular orbit, (ELUMO) are some of the properties that can be used to describe or predict direction of corrosion
inhibition processes. According to the frontier orbital theory, EHOMO is often associated with the electron
donating ability of a molecule. High values of EHOMO indicate a tendency of a molecule to donate electrons to
appropriate acceptor molecules with low energy and empty electron orbital. Also, ELUMO, represents the ability
of a molecule to accept electrons. The lower the ELUMO value, the more likely it is for the molecule to accept
electrons [29]. In addition, the energy gap, (E), the difference between ELUMO and EHOMO is another important
parameter to be taken into consideration, it has been reported that low values of energy gap provides good
inhibition efficiency since electrons will take least energy to react, [29]. From the data in table,
Newbouldiaquinone has higher EHOMO, Lapachol has lower ELUMO,it then means thatNewbouldiaquinone has
more donating capability, whilelapachol is more capable of accepting electrons.Energy gap is an important
stability index; a large energy gap implies high stability for a molecule in a chemical reaction. This means that
molecules with low energy gap will react faster in the chemical reaction. Applying this to the two molecules
under consideration, it means thatlapachol with energy gap of -1.111eV would readily
reactthannewbouldiaquinone with energy gap of -1.721eV since in the reaction; electrons will take less energy
to surmount the energy gap.
Dipole moment is defined by the product of a charge and distance of its separation from an opposite charge,
and it measures the polarizability in a bond and it relates to the distribution of electron in a molecule [30].
Ebenso, et al (2010) [30] observed that increase in inhibition efficiency is related to high dipole moment; this
may be used as an indication thatlapachol which has higher dipole moment 4.575D may have contributed more
to the inhibition efficiency thannewbouldiaquinone.
Another important parameter to be considered is fractional electron transfer, N. The number of electrons
transferred from an inhibitor to a corroding metal surface determines the capacity of such inhibitor molecule to
donate or accept electrons to/ from the corroding metallic surface; this causes the metal to participate in
chemical reaction and therefore prevents the metal from further corrosion. From table 4, the fractional electron
transfer for lapachol and newbouldiaquinone is 0.286 and 0.171 respectively. This implies that lapachol
provides more electrons than newbouldiaquinone.The fractional electron transfer is given as [31]:
∆𝑁 =
𝜒 𝐶𝑢 −𝜒 𝑖𝑛 ℎ
2 (𝜂 𝐶𝑢 +𝜂 𝑖𝑛 ℎ)
(9)
Where χCu and χinh denote the absolute electronegativity of copper and inhibitor molecules respectively; ɳCu and
ɳinh denote the absolute hardness of copper and the inhibitor molecules respectively. These quantities relate to
electron affinity, (A) and ionization potential, (I) which are useful to predict chemical behavior, [31]. The
absolute electronegativity (χ) and absolute hardness for the inhibitor are calculated from equations (10) and (11)
below.
𝜒 =
𝐼+𝐴
2
(10)
𝜂 =
𝐼−𝐴
2
(11)
9. Investigative studies on the inhibitive effects of Newbouldialaevis…
13
I and A are related to EHOMO and ELUMO as:
𝐼 = −𝐸 𝐻𝑂𝑀𝑂 (12)
𝐴 = −𝐸𝐿𝑈𝑀𝑂 (13)
Values of χ and ɳ are calculated by using the values of I and A obtained from quantum chemical calculations
for the inhibitor. Using the theoretical values of χ value of 4.48eV/mol. and ɳ of 0eV/mol. for copper and the
calculated values for the inhibitors from table 4 on equation 7, then N forlapacholandnewbouldiaquinone are
0.286 and 0.171 respectively.
This again buttresses the fact that newbouldiaquinone will transfer less electrons thanlapachol since the later
has higher fractional electron transfer of 0.286 compare with 0.171 for newboudiaquinone. However, N for the
two molecules is less than 3.6, which Al-Mobarak, et al [32] observed as the maximum value for inhibition
efficiency to increase with increasing electron donating ability at the metal surface.
Chemical softness for a molecule is a measure of the readiness of the molecule to participate in a chemical
reaction, this indicates that lapachol with chemical softness 0.901 compare with 0.578 for newbouldiaquinone is
more readily reactive and in competition will participate more readily on the surface of the corroding copper in
order to inhibit further deterioration. In conclusion, the quantum chemical data supportsthe fact that lapachol
molecule would contribute more than newbouldiaquinoneto the reduction of copper corrosion in 0.5H2SO4
aqueous solution. From the discussion on the quantum chemical calculations, it is evident that lapachol might
have contributed more to the inhibition efficiency of the newbouldialaevis.
The effects of the magnetic fields on the inhibition process can be explained by using the properties
determined from quantum chemical calculations. The dipole moment is the product of a charge and the distance
of separation of the charges in an atom or molecule. Any process which can cause an adjustment on the
alignment of the dipole on the surface of the corroding metal surface would facilitate an increase in the
inhibition process. The magnetic field acts on the dipole such that it aligns the charges on the metal thereby
providing the needed charge type at the required point and this results to increase in the inhibition efficiency.
This explains the graph on figure 2, which shows an increase in the inhibition efficiency in the presence of
magnetic fields.
IV. Conclusions
Experimental investigations on the inhibitive effects of newbouldialaevis extracts and magnetic fields on copper
corrosion in aqueous media of 0.5M sulpuric acid using weight loss shows that the plant extract provided high
level of inhibition. The inhibition efficiency increases with inhibitor concentration. The inhibition efficiency
deceases with increase in temperature, the rate of change is low within the temperature range of 300
C and 500
C,
after which it increase very rapidly. The analysis of the data obtained using the Arrhenius equation revealed the
need for correction factor in the value of the activation energy. This is a source for further investigations.
Among the isotherms tested, Langmuir has the best fit.
The magnetic fields increased the efficiency of the inhibitor even when there was very negligible efficiency in
the blank. This is the evidence that the magnetic fields acted more on the interaction between inhibitor and the
corroding metal. The quantum chemical computation revealed that lapachal contributed more to inhibition
efficiency thannewbouldiaquinone considering their energy gaps, dipole moments, chemical softness and
electron transfer abilities. The computational investigation is ongoing as other constituents of newbouldialaevis
shall be studied.
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