Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of spatially distributed autonomous sensors that monitor environmental conditions and transmit data to a central location. Key components of WSNs include sensor nodes, sink nodes, and communication methods such as single hop and multi hop. WSNs have various applications, including military, industrial, medical, and environmental monitoring.

1. INTRODUCTION TO WSN
Presented by
D.S.MYDHEESWARAN
N.SIVA
N.NITHYA

2. WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
A Wireless Sensor Network
(WSN) is a network composed of
spatially distributed autonomous
sensors to monitor physical or
environmental conditions, such
as temperature, sound, pressure,
etc., and to cooperatively pass
their data through the network to
a main location

3. SENSOR
A sensor is a device that can detect or measure
something in the environment, like
temperature, light, or movement. It then sends
this information to a system for processing or
action.

4. SENSOR NODE
 A sensor node is a small, autonomous device
equipped with sensors, a processing unit,
memory, and wireless communication
capabilities.

5. CHARACTERISTICS OF WSN
 Sensing and data collection
 Fault tolerance
 Self-organization
 Low power consumption
 Data aggregation
 Real-time operation
 Scalability
 Distributed nature

6. FOUR BASIC COMPONENTS IN SENSOR
NETWORK
There are four basic components in a sensor network
(1) An assembly of distributed or localized sensors
(2) An interconnecting network (usually, but not
always, wireless-based)
(3) A central point of information clustering
(4) A set of computing resources at the central point to
handle data correlation, event trending, status
querying, and data mining

7. COMPONENTS OF SENSOR NODE
 A sensing and actuation unit (single element
or array)
 A processing unit
 A communication unit
 A power unit
 Other application-dependent units

8. ENERGY SCAVENGING
Energy scavenging, also known as energy
harvesting, is the process of collecting small
amounts of energy from the surrounding
environment and converting it into electrical
power.
This collected energy can then be used to
power low power electronic devices or
charge batteries.

9. SINK NODE
 A sink node, also known as a base station or
gateway, is a special node in a Wireless Sensor
Network (WSN) that serves as a central point for
collecting data from other sensor nodes in the
network.
 Its main function is to gather data from the
sensor nodes, process it if necessary, and
transmit it to an external system or server for
further analysis or storage.

10. SINGLE HOP AND MULTIPLE HOP
Single hop:
 Single hop refers to the direct communication between a
sensor node and the base station or sink node without any
intermediate nodes.
 The range of single-hop communication is limited by the
transmission range of the sensor nodes, which can restrict the
coverage area of the network.
Multiple hop:
 Multi hop refers to the transmission of data from a source
node to a destination node through one or more intermediate
nodes.
 This type of communication allows data to be transmitted
over longer distances than the direct transmission range of
individual nodes.

11. APPLICATIONS OF WSN
 Military Applications
 Industrial Automation
 Medical Applications
 Disaster Monitoring and Assessment
 Highway Monitoring
 Smart Agriculture
 Environmental Monitoring
 Habitat monitoring