This document provides an introduction to web development, covering topics such as client-server relationships, web languages and technologies, the internet and world wide web, internet protocols, domain name systems, hypertext transport protocol, and internet media types. The instructor hopes students will understand client-server relationships, that web pages have content, styling, and behavior, and that making web pages can be fun.
A dynamically extensible open cross document link serviceAhmed Tayeh
This document proposes a dynamically extensible open cross-document link service. It identifies requirements for dynamic extensibility, including a flexible architecture, support for multiple document formats, easy integration of third-party applications, and customizability. The proposed link service architecture includes plug-ins for data, visualization and gateways that can be extended. It uses an online repository and plug-in tracking to dynamically install and manage plug-ins. This allows the link service to support emerging formats and applications without redeployment.
Internet standards are specifications created by the IETF and published as RFCs to define Internet technologies and methodologies. RFCs are approved by the IESG and assigned a unique integer identifier. The TCP/IP protocol suite is a set of communication protocols used to enable transmission of data over a network. It includes protocols like TCP, IP, UDP, and others. These protocols operate at different layers, with layers like link, internet, transport, and application. Communication between hosts uses the TCP/IP protocols through these layers.
The document discusses various web technologies and concepts including websites, web applications, intranets, extranets, the internet, URLs, IP addresses, domain name servers, internet service providers, protocols like TCP/IP and HTTP, and email systems. Key topics covered include the client-server model, static and dynamic web pages, advantages of using websites for businesses, and the functions of user agents and message transfer agents in email systems.
Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is the common addressing mechanism used to navigate the web. It identifies a particular computer or server somewhere on the internet using a prefix, host name, and path. The Domain Name System (DNS) translates Internet Protocol (IP) addresses into unique recognizable names that have to be registered with assigned domain registration services. Social networking allows individuals to connect with friends, family, classmates, customers and clients using internet-based social media programs. Popular social networking sites include Facebook, LinkedIn, YouTube, and Twitter, which have hundreds of millions of active users worldwide.
L3: architecture and services (english)medialeg gmbh
The core of any i-views installation is the semantic graph database.
It consists of three files which reside in a folder carrying the name of the database.
This folder is nested in another folder named volumes.
Topics:
- Web Architecture Overview
- HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
- REST (Representational State Transfer)
- JSON (JavaScript Object Notation)
Slides for the course of "Ambient Intelligence: Technology and Design" given at Politecnico di Torino during year 2013/2014.
Course website: http://bit.ly/polito-ami
The document discusses various topics related to internet programming including client/server architecture, protocols, IP addressing, HTML, browsers, web servers, URLs, MIME types, scripting languages for client-side and server-side programming, CGI, and security issues. It provides an overview of these concepts and technologies at a high level for an internet engineering course. Examples and brief explanations are given for many of the topics to illustrate the essential information.
This document provides an overview of Internet technologies and Java programming. It discusses the evolution of the Internet from early protocols like FTP and email to the development of the World Wide Web. Key Internet tools are explained including browsers, web servers, and HTML. Java is introduced as a portable, object-oriented programming language that allows software to be delivered via the web. The document outlines Java's core features and compares it to other languages. It also differentiates between Java applications and applets, and provides examples of basic Java code.
A dynamically extensible open cross document link serviceAhmed Tayeh
This document proposes a dynamically extensible open cross-document link service. It identifies requirements for dynamic extensibility, including a flexible architecture, support for multiple document formats, easy integration of third-party applications, and customizability. The proposed link service architecture includes plug-ins for data, visualization and gateways that can be extended. It uses an online repository and plug-in tracking to dynamically install and manage plug-ins. This allows the link service to support emerging formats and applications without redeployment.
Internet standards are specifications created by the IETF and published as RFCs to define Internet technologies and methodologies. RFCs are approved by the IESG and assigned a unique integer identifier. The TCP/IP protocol suite is a set of communication protocols used to enable transmission of data over a network. It includes protocols like TCP, IP, UDP, and others. These protocols operate at different layers, with layers like link, internet, transport, and application. Communication between hosts uses the TCP/IP protocols through these layers.
The document discusses various web technologies and concepts including websites, web applications, intranets, extranets, the internet, URLs, IP addresses, domain name servers, internet service providers, protocols like TCP/IP and HTTP, and email systems. Key topics covered include the client-server model, static and dynamic web pages, advantages of using websites for businesses, and the functions of user agents and message transfer agents in email systems.
Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is the common addressing mechanism used to navigate the web. It identifies a particular computer or server somewhere on the internet using a prefix, host name, and path. The Domain Name System (DNS) translates Internet Protocol (IP) addresses into unique recognizable names that have to be registered with assigned domain registration services. Social networking allows individuals to connect with friends, family, classmates, customers and clients using internet-based social media programs. Popular social networking sites include Facebook, LinkedIn, YouTube, and Twitter, which have hundreds of millions of active users worldwide.
L3: architecture and services (english)medialeg gmbh
The core of any i-views installation is the semantic graph database.
It consists of three files which reside in a folder carrying the name of the database.
This folder is nested in another folder named volumes.
Topics:
- Web Architecture Overview
- HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
- REST (Representational State Transfer)
- JSON (JavaScript Object Notation)
Slides for the course of "Ambient Intelligence: Technology and Design" given at Politecnico di Torino during year 2013/2014.
Course website: http://bit.ly/polito-ami
The document discusses various topics related to internet programming including client/server architecture, protocols, IP addressing, HTML, browsers, web servers, URLs, MIME types, scripting languages for client-side and server-side programming, CGI, and security issues. It provides an overview of these concepts and technologies at a high level for an internet engineering course. Examples and brief explanations are given for many of the topics to illustrate the essential information.
This document provides an overview of Internet technologies and Java programming. It discusses the evolution of the Internet from early protocols like FTP and email to the development of the World Wide Web. Key Internet tools are explained including browsers, web servers, and HTML. Java is introduced as a portable, object-oriented programming language that allows software to be delivered via the web. The document outlines Java's core features and compares it to other languages. It also differentiates between Java applications and applets, and provides examples of basic Java code.
This document provides an overview of the Internet and Java programming. It discusses the evolution of the Internet from early protocols like email and FTP to the development of the World Wide Web. It also explains key Internet technologies like HTML, URLs, and HTTP. The document then introduces Java, covering its portability, object-oriented features, and use for developing interactive applets and applications. It includes examples of simple Java code and discusses how Java code is compiled and executed.
This document provides an introduction to web application development, including the history of the World Wide Web and how it works. It describes the basics of web clients and servers, URLs, HTML, and how communication is established over the internet. It then distinguishes between static and dynamic web pages, and discusses client-side scripting like JavaScript and Java applets as well as server-side scripting using languages like PHP, ASP, and JSP to generate dynamic web content. Finally, it lists some common web development tools.
The document provides an introduction and overview of Internet technologies and .NET. It discusses topics such as the World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, cookies, web standards, XML, and web services. It also covers the .NET platform, the .NET Framework, Common Language Runtime, Windows Forms, web forms, ADO.NET, and .NET languages. Class-based and component-based development in .NET is demonstrated through examples.
The document provides an overview of Internet and Java foundations, including:
1) It discusses the evolution of the Internet from early protocols like FTP and Gopher to the development of the World Wide Web.
2) It describes key Internet technologies like HTML, URLs, browsers, and how the client-server model works.
3) It introduces Java as an object-oriented, portable language designed for Internet applications and applets.
The document provides an overview of Internet and Java foundations, including:
1) It discusses the evolution of the Internet from early protocols like FTP and Gopher to the development of the World Wide Web.
2) It describes key Internet technologies like HTML, URLs, browsers, and how the client-server model works.
3) It introduces Java as an object-oriented, portable language designed for Internet applications and applets.
This document provides an overview of Java and Internet technologies:
- It discusses the evolution of the Internet and technologies like email, FTP, Gopher, and the World Wide Web.
- It introduces Java as an object-oriented, portable, high-performance programming language and describes its core features and advantages over C++.
- It outlines Java development tools and covers key Java concepts like classes, objects, inheritance, interfaces, applets, and security.
The document provides an overview of Internet and Java foundations, including:
1) It discusses the evolution of the Internet from early protocols like FTP and Gopher to the development of the World Wide Web.
2) It describes key Internet technologies like HTML, URLs, browsers, and how the client-server model works.
3) It introduces Java as an object-oriented, portable language designed for Internet applications and applets.
The document provides an overview of Internet and Java foundations, including:
1) It discusses the evolution of the Internet from early protocols like FTP and Gopher to the development of the World Wide Web.
2) It describes the key aspects of Java as a programming language, including its portability across platforms and security features.
3) It outlines Java's advantages as an object-oriented, distributed, high-performance language well-suited for network applications.
The document provides an overview of Internet and Java foundations, including:
1) It discusses the evolution of the Internet from early protocols like FTP and Gopher to the development of the World Wide Web.
2) It describes key Internet technologies like HTML, URLs, browsers, and how the client-server model works.
3) It introduces Java as an object-oriented, portable language designed for Internet applications and applets.
The document provides an overview of Internet and Java foundations, including:
- The Internet has evolved from early systems supporting email and file transfer to today's World Wide Web.
- Java was created as a portable, object-oriented programming language to address issues with other languages on the Internet.
- Java allows software to be written once and run on any platform, due to its design of compiling to bytecode that runs on a virtual machine.
The document provides an overview of Internet and Java foundations, including:
1) It discusses the evolution of the Internet from early protocols like FTP and Gopher to the development of the World Wide Web.
2) It describes key Internet technologies like HTML, URLs, browsers, and how the client-server model works.
3) It introduces Java as an object-oriented, portable language designed for Internet applications and applets.
The document provides an overview of Internet and Java foundations, including:
1) It discusses the evolution of the Internet from early protocols like FTP and Gopher to the development of the World Wide Web.
2) It describes the key aspects of Java as a programming language, including its portability across platforms and security features.
3) It compares Java to other programming languages like C++ in terms of its object-oriented capabilities and suitability for distributed applications.
The document provides an overview of Internet and Java foundations, including:
1) It discusses the evolution of the Internet from early protocols like FTP and Gopher to the development of the World Wide Web.
2) It describes the key aspects of Java as a programming language, including its portability across platforms and security features.
3) It outlines Java's advantages as an object-oriented, distributed, high-performance language well-suited for network applications.
The document provides an introduction to back-end development, including definitions of the internet, World Wide Web, and request-response cycle. It explains the differences between front-end and back-end development and lists common front-end and back-end programming languages. Main protocols like IP, TCP, UDP, and HTTP are described. Additional back-end concepts covered include CRUD functionality, securing passwords, HTTPS, and APIs. Resources for further learning back-end development with languages like Python, Node.js, and PHP are also provided.
The document provides an introduction to web and internet technologies. It discusses topics such as internet architecture, protocols, markup languages, programming languages and paradigms for developing web applications. The agenda outlines internet technologies, programming languages and paradigms, and programming the web using both client-side and server-side technologies.
Developer's Guide to JavaScript and Web CryptographyKevin Hakanson
The increasing capabilities and performance of the web platform allow for more feature-rich user experiences. How can JavaScript based applications utilize information security and cryptography principles? This session will explore the current state of JavaScript and Web Cryptography. We will review some basic concepts and definitions, discuss the role of TLS/SSL, show some working examples that apply cryptography to real-world use cases and take a peek at the upcoming W3C WebCryptoAPI. Code samples will use CryptoJS in the browser and the Node.js Crypto module on the server. An extended example will secure the popular TodoMVC project using PBKDF2 for key generation, HMAC for data integrity and AES for encryption.
The document discusses programming paradigms in Java. It covers topics like the evolution of the Internet, tools used on the Internet like browsers and servers, how the World Wide Web works using HTML and HTTP, and Java for Internet programming. It discusses Java's object-oriented features, portability, performance, security, and class libraries. The document is intended to provide an overview of Java programming for the Internet.
The document describes the development of the X-Internet framework. X-Internet connects the digital and physical world through an intelligent client/server interface that lowers development and operational costs. The framework was developed using Flash components, a Java-based API, and XML files to allow communication between the Flash client and server. It aims to provide a more engaging user experience than traditional web and client/server models through its single window loading and low server dependency.
The document discusses the application layer in computer networks. It describes several key application layer protocols including HTTP, FTP, email, telnet, SSH, DNS, and SNMP. It explains the client-server and peer-to-peer paradigms used in application layer communication. It also provides details about the World Wide Web including components like browsers, servers, documents and protocols like HTTP, HTML, and URLs.
The document discusses various networking components and devices, including their purposes and functions. It covers hubs, switches, routers, network interface cards, wireless access points, and firewalls. Hubs broadcast data to all ports, while switches only send to the destination port. Routers interconnect network segments and examine packet addresses to determine the best transmission path. Network interface cards allow computers to connect to networks, and wireless access points enable wireless devices to connect to wired networks. Firewalls control access between networks to protect data and resources.
This document provides an overview of the Internet and Java programming. It discusses the evolution of the Internet from early protocols like email and FTP to the development of the World Wide Web. It also explains key Internet technologies like HTML, URLs, and HTTP. The document then introduces Java, covering its portability, object-oriented features, and use for developing interactive applets and applications. It includes examples of simple Java code and discusses how Java code is compiled and executed.
This document provides an introduction to web application development, including the history of the World Wide Web and how it works. It describes the basics of web clients and servers, URLs, HTML, and how communication is established over the internet. It then distinguishes between static and dynamic web pages, and discusses client-side scripting like JavaScript and Java applets as well as server-side scripting using languages like PHP, ASP, and JSP to generate dynamic web content. Finally, it lists some common web development tools.
The document provides an introduction and overview of Internet technologies and .NET. It discusses topics such as the World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, cookies, web standards, XML, and web services. It also covers the .NET platform, the .NET Framework, Common Language Runtime, Windows Forms, web forms, ADO.NET, and .NET languages. Class-based and component-based development in .NET is demonstrated through examples.
The document provides an overview of Internet and Java foundations, including:
1) It discusses the evolution of the Internet from early protocols like FTP and Gopher to the development of the World Wide Web.
2) It describes key Internet technologies like HTML, URLs, browsers, and how the client-server model works.
3) It introduces Java as an object-oriented, portable language designed for Internet applications and applets.
The document provides an overview of Internet and Java foundations, including:
1) It discusses the evolution of the Internet from early protocols like FTP and Gopher to the development of the World Wide Web.
2) It describes key Internet technologies like HTML, URLs, browsers, and how the client-server model works.
3) It introduces Java as an object-oriented, portable language designed for Internet applications and applets.
This document provides an overview of Java and Internet technologies:
- It discusses the evolution of the Internet and technologies like email, FTP, Gopher, and the World Wide Web.
- It introduces Java as an object-oriented, portable, high-performance programming language and describes its core features and advantages over C++.
- It outlines Java development tools and covers key Java concepts like classes, objects, inheritance, interfaces, applets, and security.
The document provides an overview of Internet and Java foundations, including:
1) It discusses the evolution of the Internet from early protocols like FTP and Gopher to the development of the World Wide Web.
2) It describes key Internet technologies like HTML, URLs, browsers, and how the client-server model works.
3) It introduces Java as an object-oriented, portable language designed for Internet applications and applets.
The document provides an overview of Internet and Java foundations, including:
1) It discusses the evolution of the Internet from early protocols like FTP and Gopher to the development of the World Wide Web.
2) It describes the key aspects of Java as a programming language, including its portability across platforms and security features.
3) It outlines Java's advantages as an object-oriented, distributed, high-performance language well-suited for network applications.
The document provides an overview of Internet and Java foundations, including:
1) It discusses the evolution of the Internet from early protocols like FTP and Gopher to the development of the World Wide Web.
2) It describes key Internet technologies like HTML, URLs, browsers, and how the client-server model works.
3) It introduces Java as an object-oriented, portable language designed for Internet applications and applets.
The document provides an overview of Internet and Java foundations, including:
- The Internet has evolved from early systems supporting email and file transfer to today's World Wide Web.
- Java was created as a portable, object-oriented programming language to address issues with other languages on the Internet.
- Java allows software to be written once and run on any platform, due to its design of compiling to bytecode that runs on a virtual machine.
The document provides an overview of Internet and Java foundations, including:
1) It discusses the evolution of the Internet from early protocols like FTP and Gopher to the development of the World Wide Web.
2) It describes key Internet technologies like HTML, URLs, browsers, and how the client-server model works.
3) It introduces Java as an object-oriented, portable language designed for Internet applications and applets.
The document provides an overview of Internet and Java foundations, including:
1) It discusses the evolution of the Internet from early protocols like FTP and Gopher to the development of the World Wide Web.
2) It describes the key aspects of Java as a programming language, including its portability across platforms and security features.
3) It compares Java to other programming languages like C++ in terms of its object-oriented capabilities and suitability for distributed applications.
The document provides an overview of Internet and Java foundations, including:
1) It discusses the evolution of the Internet from early protocols like FTP and Gopher to the development of the World Wide Web.
2) It describes the key aspects of Java as a programming language, including its portability across platforms and security features.
3) It outlines Java's advantages as an object-oriented, distributed, high-performance language well-suited for network applications.
The document provides an introduction to back-end development, including definitions of the internet, World Wide Web, and request-response cycle. It explains the differences between front-end and back-end development and lists common front-end and back-end programming languages. Main protocols like IP, TCP, UDP, and HTTP are described. Additional back-end concepts covered include CRUD functionality, securing passwords, HTTPS, and APIs. Resources for further learning back-end development with languages like Python, Node.js, and PHP are also provided.
The document provides an introduction to web and internet technologies. It discusses topics such as internet architecture, protocols, markup languages, programming languages and paradigms for developing web applications. The agenda outlines internet technologies, programming languages and paradigms, and programming the web using both client-side and server-side technologies.
Developer's Guide to JavaScript and Web CryptographyKevin Hakanson
The increasing capabilities and performance of the web platform allow for more feature-rich user experiences. How can JavaScript based applications utilize information security and cryptography principles? This session will explore the current state of JavaScript and Web Cryptography. We will review some basic concepts and definitions, discuss the role of TLS/SSL, show some working examples that apply cryptography to real-world use cases and take a peek at the upcoming W3C WebCryptoAPI. Code samples will use CryptoJS in the browser and the Node.js Crypto module on the server. An extended example will secure the popular TodoMVC project using PBKDF2 for key generation, HMAC for data integrity and AES for encryption.
The document discusses programming paradigms in Java. It covers topics like the evolution of the Internet, tools used on the Internet like browsers and servers, how the World Wide Web works using HTML and HTTP, and Java for Internet programming. It discusses Java's object-oriented features, portability, performance, security, and class libraries. The document is intended to provide an overview of Java programming for the Internet.
The document describes the development of the X-Internet framework. X-Internet connects the digital and physical world through an intelligent client/server interface that lowers development and operational costs. The framework was developed using Flash components, a Java-based API, and XML files to allow communication between the Flash client and server. It aims to provide a more engaging user experience than traditional web and client/server models through its single window loading and low server dependency.
The document discusses the application layer in computer networks. It describes several key application layer protocols including HTTP, FTP, email, telnet, SSH, DNS, and SNMP. It explains the client-server and peer-to-peer paradigms used in application layer communication. It also provides details about the World Wide Web including components like browsers, servers, documents and protocols like HTTP, HTML, and URLs.
The document discusses various networking components and devices, including their purposes and functions. It covers hubs, switches, routers, network interface cards, wireless access points, and firewalls. Hubs broadcast data to all ports, while switches only send to the destination port. Routers interconnect network segments and examine packet addresses to determine the best transmission path. Network interface cards allow computers to connect to networks, and wireless access points enable wireless devices to connect to wired networks. Firewalls control access between networks to protect data and resources.
This document provides an introduction to basic network concepts. It defines a computer network and its components, which include two or more interconnected computers, cables, network interface cards, switches, and operating systems. It describes the applications and benefits of networks, such as sharing resources and communicating over long distances, as well as some disadvantages like high installation costs. It also classifies networks based on their geographical area into personal, local, metropolitan and wide area networks. Finally, it discusses peer-to-peer and client-server network models.
This document provides an overview of cookies and sessions in PHP web programming. It defines cookies as small text files stored on a user's computer that can be used to identify users across browsing sessions. The key functions for working with cookies - setcookie(), $_COOKIE, and setcookie() with an expired time - are described. Sessions in PHP allow storing and accessing user data across multiple pages and are an alternative to cookies for maintaining state. The session handling functions - session_start(), $_SESSION, session_unset(), and session_destroy() - are explained.
The document provides information about connecting to a MySQL database from PHP. It discusses how to open a connection, perform queries, insert, select, update and delete data. Code examples are given to demonstrate how to connect to a MySQL database, create tables, insert and retrieve data using PHP functions like mysqli_connect(), mysqli_query(), and mysqli_fetch_assoc(). The document aims to explain the basic MySQL operations that can be performed after connecting to a database from a PHP application.
The document discusses HTML forms and handling form data with PHP. It explains how to use the GET and POST methods to send form data to PHP, and how to access submitted form values using $_GET and $_POST superglobals in PHP. It provides examples of handling different form elements like text fields, checkboxes, radio buttons, and select boxes. It also demonstrates how to validate required fields and display error messages.
This document provides an introduction to PHP programming. It covers PHP syntax, comments, variables, data types, operators, and conditional statements. The key points covered include:
- PHP code is placed between <?php ?> tags, files use the .php extension, and statements end with semicolons.
- Variables start with $ and are case-sensitive. Data types include strings, integers, floats, booleans, arrays, objects and NULL.
- Operators perform operations on variables and values, including arithmetic, assignment, comparison, increment/decrement, logical, string and array operators.
- Conditional statements like if statements allow executing code conditionally.
Language Localisation of Tamil using Statistical Machine Translation - ICTer2015Achchuthan Yogarajah
1) The document discusses using statistical machine translation to localize Tamil language content. It describes preparing a parallel corpus, building language models, aligning words, decoding translations, and evaluating the results using BLEU and human scoring.
2) The results show that output quality is better when training data is from a specific technical domain rather than generic data. Language models using 3-grams performed most efficiently.
3) Challenges included lack of enough technical training data and variations in translations due to usage differences, but statistical machine translation is suitable for language localization.
1) The document describes a Paddy Cultivation Management System created by a group of students to help farmers and improve the paddy cultivation process.
2) The system has separate interfaces for farmers and administrators. Farmers can view paddy information, prices, sell their crops, and check account balances. Administrators can manage crop data, approve sales, and view stock levels.
3) The goal of the system is to make paddy cultivation easier for farmers and help connect them to customers through a computerized process. It aims to improve lives and help develop the rice industry.
Machine Translation is an emerging field of Computer Science. Researchers have been done to make Machine Translation systems for different language pairs using different practices including rule based machine translation and Statistical Machine Translation (SMT). The goal of the project is to design a Statistical Machine translator for software language localization using Moses decoder. The system is expected to automatically localize (translate) software contents from English into Tamil by using Statistical Machine Translation.
The knapsack problem or rucksack problem is a problem in combinatorial optimization: Given a set of items, each with a weight and a value, determine the count of each item to include in a collection so that the total weight is less than or equal to a given limit and the total value is as large as possible. It derives its name from the problem faced by someone who is constrained by a fixed-size knapsack and must fill it with the most useful items.
http://java90.blogspot.com/2012/02/knapsack-problem-in-java.html
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Introduction to Web Programming
1. Sri Lanka-German Training InstituteDepartment of Information and Communication Technology
National Diploma in Information and Communication Technology
K72C001M07-Web Programming
Task 01: Introduction to Web Programming
11/23/2018 Introduction to Web Development 1
2. Sri Lanka-German Training InstituteDepartment of Information and Communication Technology
What Do I Hope You'll Take Away From This
Class?
Client-server relationship
Web pages are content, styling, and behavior
Making web pages is fun!
11/23/2018 Introduction to Web Development 2
3. Sri Lanka-German Training InstituteDepartment of Information and Communication Technology
Web Languages / Technologies
• Content: Hypertext Markup Language (HTML): used for writing web
pages
• Style: Cascading Style Sheets (CSS): stylistic info for web pages
• Behavior: JavaScript: interactive and programmable web pages
• Data representation for transfer: JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)
• Enhanced data transfer: Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX)
• Dynamic Web Servers: PHP Hypertext Processor (PHP)
• Data Bases: Structured Query Language (SQL)
11/23/2018 Introduction to Web Development 3
4. Sri Lanka-German Training InstituteDepartment of Information and Communication Technology
The Internet and the World Wide Web
The Internet
Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/internet
A connection of computer networks using the
Internet Protocol (IP)
11/23/2018 Introduction to Web Development 4
5. Sri Lanka-German Training InstituteDepartment of Information and Communication Technology
The Internet: A Brief History
• Began as a US Department of Defense network called ARPANET (1960s-70s)
• Initial services: electronic mail, file transfer
• Opened to commercial interests in late 80s
• WWW created in 1989-91 by Tim Berners-Lee
• Popular web browsers released: Netscape 1994, IE 1995
• Amazon.com opens in 1995; Google in January 1996
• Facebook founded in February 2004
• Snapchat created in September 2011
11/23/2018 Introduction to Web Development 5
6. Sri Lanka-German Training InstituteDepartment of Information and Communication Technology
Key Aspects of the Internet
•Subnetworks can stand on their own
•Computers can dynamically join and leave the network
•Built on open standards; anyone can create a new
internet device
•Lack of centralized control (mostly)
•Everyone can use it with simple, commonly-available
software
11/23/2018 Introduction to Web Development 6
7. Sri Lanka-German Training InstituteDepartment of Information and Communication Technology
Question
Who "runs" the Internet?
Who is responsible for overseeing it?
11/23/2018 Introduction to Web Development 7
8. Sri Lanka-German Training InstituteDepartment of Information and Communication Technology
People and Organizations (and Companies)
•Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF): Internet protocol
standards
•Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
(ICANN): decides top-level domain names
•World Wide Web Consortium (W3C): web standards
These protocols are carried out in large part by Internet
service providers and other companies and organizations who
build Internet-related products and applications
11/23/2018 Introduction to Web Development 8
9. Sri Lanka-German Training InstituteDepartment of Information and Communication Technology
Layered Architecture
•Physical layer: devices such as ethernet, coaxial cables, fiber-
optic lines, modems
•Data Link Layer: basic hardware protocols (ethernet, Wi-Fi,
DSL PPP)
•Network/Internet Layer: basic software protocol (IP)
•Transport Layer: adds reliability to network layer (TCP, UDP)
•Application Layer: implements specific communications for
each kind of program (HTTP, POP3/IMAP, SSH, FTP)
11/23/2018 Introduction to Web Development 9
10. Sri Lanka-German Training InstituteDepartment of Information and Communication Technology
11/23/2018 Introduction to Web Development 10
11. Sri Lanka-German Training InstituteDepartment of Information and Communication Technology
Internet Protocol (IPv4)
A simple protocol for attempting to send data between two computers
Each device has a 32-bit IP address written as four 8-bit numbers (0-255)
Find your internet IP address: whatismyip.com
Find out your local IP address: in a terminal, type ipconfig (Windows) or
ifconfig (Mac/Linux)
11/23/2018 Introduction to Web Development 11
12. Sri Lanka-German Training InstituteDepartment of Information and Communication Technology
Internet Protocol
•Any resource attached to an IP network can be assigned
an IP address, e.g. computer, printer or a scanner.
•It is possible for a single host to have multiple IP
addresses if it is running multiple networking
applications, such as DNS, Web or Mail server software.
•Addresses are always unique.
•Because IP addresses are software configured, it is easy
to move hosts from one network to another simply by
changing the IP address or the network mask
11/23/2018 Introduction to Web Development 12
13. Sri Lanka-German Training InstituteDepartment of Information and Communication Technology
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Adds multiplexing, guaranteed message delivery on top of IP
Multiplexing: multiple programs using the same IP address
Port: a number given to each program or service
port 80: web browser (port 443 for secure browsing)
port 25: email
port 22: ssh
port 5190: AOL Instant Messenger
More common ports
Some programs (games, streaming media programs) use simpler UDP
protocol instead of TCP
11/23/2018 Introduction to Web Development 13
14. Sri Lanka-German Training InstituteDepartment of Information and Communication Technology
The World Wide Web (WWW)
How is it different than the Internet?
The Internet describes all the interconnected devices
that use the "internet protocol." The World Wide
Web is the subset of the Internet that uses the HTTP
and HTTPS protocols, mostly to transmit
"webpages."
11/23/2018 Introduction to Web Development 14
15. Sri Lanka-German Training InstituteDepartment of Information and Communication Technology
The World Wide Web
Web Server: software that listens for web page requests
Apache
Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS) (part of windows)
Web Browser: fetches/displays documents from web
servers
Mozilla Firefox
Microsoft Internet Explorer (IE) and Microsoft Edge
Apple Safari
Google Chrome
Opera
11/23/2018 Introduction to Web Development 15
16. Sri Lanka-German Training InstituteDepartment of Information and Communication Technology
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
An identifier for the location of a document on a web site
A basic URL:
http://www.slgti.com/ICT/K72C001M07/index.html
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
protocol host path
Upon entering this URL into the browser, it would:
Ask the "DNS" server for the IP address of www.slgti.com
Connect to that IP address at port 80
Ask the server to GET ICT/K72C001M07/index.html
Display the resulting page on the screen
11/23/2018 Introduction to Web Development 16
17. Sri Lanka-German Training InstituteDepartment of Information and Communication Technology
Domain Name System (DNS)
A set of servers that map written names to IP
addresses
Example: www.lms.slgti.com → 45.40.155.145
Many systems maintain a local cache called a hosts
file
Windows: C:Windowssystem32driversetchosts
Mac: /private/etc/hosts
Linux: /etc/hosts
11/23/2018 Introduction to Web Development 17
18. Sri Lanka-German Training InstituteDepartment of Information and Communication Technology
Domain Name System (DNS)
•A DNS server provides 'name resolution service‘ which means that
DNS servers resolve names into IP addresses or vice versa.
•DNS servers are also called name servers.
•A local DNS server which performs domain name lookup is usually
located on the network to which your computer is attached.
•If you are using an Internet Service Provider (ISP), your DNS server
is at your ISP.
•If you are using the network at your college or your office, you
probably have a local DNS server somewhere near you at the
server room.
11/23/2018 Introduction to Web Development 18
19. Sri Lanka-German Training InstituteDepartment of Information and Communication Technology
Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP)
The set of commands understood by a web server
and sent from a browser
Some HTTP commands (your browser sends these
internally):
GET filename: download
POST filename: send a web form response
PUT filename: upload
11/23/2018 Introduction to Web Development 19
20. Sri Lanka-German Training InstituteDepartment of Information and Communication Technology
Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP)
•HTTP is a very simple client-server request/response
communication protocol
•HTTP is the heart of the world wide web (WWW)
which is used to transfer or convey information
•HTTP is stateless and relies on URL naming
mechanism
•Development of HTTP was coordinated by the W3C
(World Wide Web Consortium) and the IETF
(Internet Engineering Task Force)
11/23/2018 Introduction to Web Development 20
21. Sri Lanka-German Training InstituteDepartment of Information and Communication Technology
HTTP Error Codes
When something goes wrong, the web server returns a special "error
code" number to the browser, possibly followed by an HTML document
Common Error Codes:
200 OK
301-303 page has moved (permanently or temporarily)
403 you are forbidden to access this page
404 page not found
418 I'm a teapot
500 internal server error
Complete list
11/23/2018 Introduction to Web Development 21
22. Sri Lanka-German Training InstituteDepartment of Information and Communication Technology
Internet Media ("MIME") Types
Sometimes when including resources in a page (style
sheet, icon, multimedia object), we specify their type of
data
MIME type file extension
text/html .html
text/plain .txt
image/gif .gif
image/jpeg .jpg
video/quicktime .mov
application/octet-stream .exe
11/23/2018 Introduction to Web Development 22
23. Sri Lanka-German Training InstituteDepartment of Information and Communication Technology
Web Page
•A document or information resource that is suitable
for the World Wide Web
•Can be accessed through a web browser
•Displayed on a monitor or mobile device
•This information is usually in HTML or XHTML
format.
•Use other resources such as style sheets, scripts and
images into their final presentation
•Retrieved from a local computer or from a remote
web server
11/23/2018 Introduction to Web Development 23
24. Sri Lanka-German Training InstituteDepartment of Information and Communication Technology
Web Site
•A collection of related web pages containing images,
videos or other digital assets
•Hosted on at least one web server
•Accessible via a network such as the Internet or a
private local area network through an Internet
address known as a Uniform Resource Locator
•Domain name and IP
11/23/2018 Introduction to Web Development 24
25. Sri Lanka-German Training InstituteDepartment of Information and Communication Technology
Web Server
•Web server is a software on a server machine that can
be run to answer requests from Web clients using the
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
•This can also be defined as a network server that
manages access to files, folders and other resources
over the Internet or local intranet via HTTP.
•Web servers handle access permission, execute
programs, keep track of directories and files and
communicate with client computers.
11/23/2018 Introduction to Web Development 25
26. Sri Lanka-German Training InstituteDepartment of Information and Communication Technology
Structure of World Wide Web
1. Clients use browser application to send URLs via HTTP to servers
requesting a Web page
2. The server name part of the URL will be resolved by the DNS
3. Web pages are constructed using HTML (or other markup language)
and consist of text, graphics, sounds and even embedded files
4. Servers respond with requested Web page or other message such as
an error message
5. Client’s browser renders Web page returned by the server to the
client
6. The entire system runs over standard networking protocols such as
TCP/IP and DNS
11/23/2018 Introduction to Web Development 26
27. Sri Lanka-German Training InstituteDepartment of Information and Communication Technology
Client-Server Computing Architecture
•In the client-server architecture, the client is
separated from a server
•The client is defined as the requester of services and
the server is defined as the provider of services
•A Server a host that is running one or more server
programs which can be sharing of information or
resources
•Client does not share any of its resources, but
requests a server's content or service function.
11/23/2018 Introduction to Web Development 27
28. Sri Lanka-German Training InstituteDepartment of Information and Communication Technology
Client-Server Computing Architecture
11/23/2018 Introduction to Web Development 28
29. Sri Lanka-German Training InstituteDepartment of Information and Communication Technology
Client-Server Computing Architecture
11/23/2018 Introduction to Web Development 29
Characteristics of a client
Initiates requests(Master)
Waits for and receives replies
Usually connects to a small number of servers at one time
Typically interacts directly with end-users using a graphical
user interface
Examples: web browsers, email clients and online chat
clients
30. Sri Lanka-German Training InstituteDepartment of Information and Communication Technology
Client-Server Computing Architecture
11/23/2018 Introduction to Web Development 30
Characteristics of a server
Passive (slave)
Waits for requests from clients
Upon receipt of requests, processes them and then serves
replies
Usually accepts connections from a large number of clients
Typically does not interact directly with end-users
Examples: web servers, database servers and mail servers
31. Sri Lanka-German Training InstituteDepartment of Information and Communication Technology
Advantages of Client-Server Architecture
•Low coupling of client and server, thus greater
independence for maintenance.
•For example, it is possible to replace, repair, upgrade, or
even relocate a server while its clients remain both
unaware and unaffected by that change.
•Greater security for data stored on the server.
Servers can control access and resources.
•Easy to update and administer data, because of
centralized nature.
•Servers can play different roles for different clients.
11/23/2018 Introduction to Web Development 31
32. Sri Lanka-German Training InstituteDepartment of Information and Communication Technology
Disadvantages of Client-Server Architecture
•Congestion in Network: More traffic to the server as
the number of simultaneous client requests to a
given server increases.
•If the server fails under a critical condition, the
clients’ request will not be fulfilled.
•Cost : It is very expensive to install and manage this
type of computing.
11/23/2018 Introduction to Web Development 32
33. Sri Lanka-German Training InstituteDepartment of Information and Communication Technology
Web Application
Any application that uses Web Technologies including
web browsers, web servers and Internet protocols is
called Web Application.
A web application can be divided into three different
layers.
Presentation layer which forms the first tier of the application,
consists of web server and the web browser, which is responsible for
assembling the data into presentable format.
Application layer constitutes the second tier of the application and is
consisting of server side program and scripts.
Finally the third tier provides the programmable access to the
databases.
11/23/2018 Introduction to Web Development 33
34. Sri Lanka-German Training InstituteDepartment of Information and Communication Technology
Static vs. Dynamic Content
Static web pages do not change the content or layout
depending on user input.
In contrast, dynamic web pages adapt their content
depending on user input or computing environment
(user, time or data).
Dynamic content can be delivered as a result of two
technologies:
Client-side scripting languages
Server-side scripting languages
11/23/2018 Introduction to Web Development 34
35. Sri Lanka-German Training InstituteDepartment of Information and Communication Technology
Characteristics of Client-side Scripting
•Plain HTML is basically static
• The browser displays the text and graphics and waits for the user to
click a link or fill in a form to return data to the server.
•Client-side scripts can modify the pages at runtime, and
therefore, they also falls under the heading of DHTML
(dynamic HTML).
•Client-side scripts have greater access to the information and
functions available on the user's computer, whereas for
server-side scripts its for the server.
•Client-side scripts require that the user's web browser
understand the scripting language in which they are written.
11/23/2018 Introduction to Web Development 35
36. Sri Lanka-German Training InstituteDepartment of Information and Communication Technology
Client-side Scripting Languages
JavaScript
VBScript
Action Script
AJAX
11/23/2018 Introduction to Web Development 36
37. Sri Lanka-German Training InstituteDepartment of Information and Communication Technology
Server Side Scripting
•Server-side scripting is a web server technology in which
a user's request is fulfilled by running a script directly on
the Web server to generate dynamic HTML pages.
•In client-side scripting, the scripts are first downloaded,
and then interpreted and executed by the Web browser.
•Server-side scripting enables the ability to highly
customize the response based on the user's
requirements, access rights, or queries into data stores
11/23/2018 Introduction to Web Development 37
38. Sri Lanka-German Training InstituteDepartment of Information and Communication Technology
Server-side Scripting Technologies
•ASP - Microsoft designed, primarily Windows based, solution
allowing various languages (generally VBScript) inside a
HTML-like outer page
•ASP.NET - part of Microsoft's .NET platform and is the
successor to ASP
•JSP - a Java-based system for embedding Java-related code in
HTML pages
•PHP - open source solution based on including code in its
own language into an HTML page
•Ruby on Rails - a free web application framework that aims
to increase the speed and ease with database driven Web
sites creation
11/23/2018 Introduction to Web Development 38
39. Sri Lanka-German Training InstituteDepartment of Information and Communication Technology
--End--
11/23/2018 Introduction to Web Development 39
Editor's Notes
Partial map of the Internet based on the January 15, 2005 data found on opte.org. Each line is drawn between two nodes, representing two IP addresses. The length of the lines are indicative of the delay between those two nodes. This graph represents less than 30% of the Class C networks reachable by the data collection program in early 2005. Lines are color-coded according to their corresponding RFC 1918 allocation as follows: Dark blue: net, ca, us Green: com, org Red: mil, gov, edu Yellow: jp, cn, tw, au, de Magenta: uk, it, pl, fr Gold: br, kr, nl White: unknown