Introduction to textile fiber

1. FIBER AND YARN SCIENCE
UNIT – 1, TOPIC - 1
DATE : 13/10/2020
R.MALATHY
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT
DEPARTMENT OF FASHION DESIGNING
SRM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE

2. LECTURE
ON
INTRODUCTION TO TEXTILE FIBERS

3. Introduction
A textile is flexible material consisting of network of
natural or artificial fiber often referred to as thread or
yarn.
fibers is defined as unit of matter characterized by
flexibility, fineness, and a high ratio of length to
thickness.
Fabric refers to any material made through
weaving, knitting, crocheting, or bonding .
Apparel is anything that one puts on ones body.

4. DEFINITION OF
FIBER AND TEXTILE FIBERS
 Fiber:
 It is defined as one of the delicate, hair portions of the tissues
of a plant or animal or other substances that are very small in
diameter in relation to there length.
 Fibres have been defined by the Textile Institute as units of
matter characterized by :
 flexibility,
 fineness
 high ratio of length to thickness.

5. CONT…
 Other characteristics might be added, if the fibre is to be of any
use for general textile purposes, a sufficiently high temperature
stability and a certain minimum strength and moderate
extensibility.
 The characteristic dimensions of fibres are the basis of their use
and need to be stressed:
 individual fibres (or elements of a continuous filament) weigh only
a few micrograms
their length/width ratio is at least 1000:1
 It is the basic structural element of textile products.
 It is a smallest textile component which is microscopic hair like
substance that may be manmade or natural.

6. TEXTILE FIBER:
 Textile fiber has some characteristics which differ between fiber to Textile
fiber.
 Textile fiber can be spun into a yarn or made into a fabric by various
methods including weaving, knitting, braiding, felting, and twisting.
 The essential requirements for fibers to be spun into yarn include a length of
at least 5 millimeters, flexibility, cohesiveness, and sufficient strength.
 Other important properties include elasticity, fineness, uniformity,
durability, and luster.
 Banana fiber is one kind of fiber but it is not a textile fiber. Because it can not
fill up the above properties. So we can say that all fiber are not textile fiber.

7. CONT…
 ordinary textile fibres must be, at least partly, elastic up to breaking
extensions between 5 and 50%.
 This is an unusual intermediate range of extensibility, since glasses
and crystalline solids are less extensible, whereas rubbers are much
more extensible.
 A remarkable fact is that almost all the general textile fibre market is
met by six polymer types:
 the natural polymers,
 cellulose and proteins,
 the synthetic (manufactured) polymers, polyamide, polyester, polyolefin
and vinyl (including acrylic).