introduction to philosophy

1. Introduction to
philosophy

2. AESTHETICS
1. The science of the beautiful in its various manifestations including
the sublime, comic, tragic, pathetic, and ugly. To experience
aesthetics, therefore, means whatever experience has relevance ti art,
whether the experience be that of the creative artist or of the
appreciation.
2. As a branch of Philosophy, students should consider the importance of
aesthetics because of the following:
3. It vitalizes our knowledge
4. It helps us to live more deeply and richly
5. It brings us in touch with our culture

3. Aesthetics vitalizes our knowledge.
 It makes our knowledge of the world alive and useful
Aesthetics helps us to live more deeply and richly.
 It helps us rise from purely physical existence into the realm of intellect
and the spirit
Aesthetics brings us in touch with our culture.
 the answers of great minds in the past to various problems are part of our
culture.

4. WESTERN PHILOSOPHY
1. Concerned with uncovering the truth through systematic
argumentation and theory
2. Greater emphasis on reason rather than faith
3. An increased focus on man as an individual
4. Led to the development of a more scientific, theory-based
approach in philosophy
5. Sophists – teachers who traveled throughout Greece and taught
people who wished to learn
6. Philosophos – lovers of wisdom; arguments and discussion must be
based on sound reasoning

5. PYTHAGORAS
Pythagorean
theorem
HERACLITUS
everything that exists is
based on a higher order
plan (logos
DEMOCRITUS
matter is composed
of atoms
DIOGENES OF SINOPE
advocate of a simple
and virtuous life
EPICURUS
– philosophy could enable
man to live a life of
happiness.
SOCRATES
Socratic method
Ancient Philosophers

6. PLATO
theory of forms;
dialectic method;
Academy
ARISTOTLE
deductive reasoning
ARCHIMEDES
Calculus; mathematics
to analyze natural
phenomena
Ancient Philosophers

9. EASTERN PHILOSOPHY
 Consists of schools of thought which are often closely
tied with religious beliefs.
 Often described as “wisdom” literature, where stories,
sayings and texts encourage people to adopt an ethical
and harmonious way of life.
 Great emphasis on social relations, and the family and
community are considered a central aspect of life
 Goal is to achieve a balanced life and find one’s role in
society
 Classified according to theistic and nontheistic

12. THANK YOU!