This document provides an introduction to passive circuit elements. It discusses the various components used in electronics circuits such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, and semiconductor devices. It describes the materials, types, construction, and properties of these devices. It also outlines some common applications of electronics in communication, defense, industry, medicine, and instrumentation. Finally, it distinguishes between active components like diodes and transistors, and passive components such as resistors, capacitors, and inductors, providing more detail on resistors including their symbol, units of measurement, factors that determine resistance, and classifications.

1. Introduction to Passive Circuit
Elements
Marks 8
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2. Introduction
• In all electronics circuits we have to use different electronics
components such as Resistors, Capacitors, Inductors
Transformers and Semiconductor devices such as Diodes,
Transistors etc.…
• In this chapter we are going to discuss about
– various materials used to manufacture these devices
– Types
– Construction
– Properties of devices and components

3. Application of Electronics
• Communication and Entertainment
• Defense Application
• Industrial Applications
• Medical Science
• Instrumentation

4. Types of Electronics Components
1. Active Components: Diodes, Transistors,
FET
2. Passive Components: Resistors,
Capacitors, Inductors

5. Resistor
• Definition: Resistor is an electronics component which
provides the specifies amount of opposition (resistance) to the
flow of current.
It can be a fixed value or a variable resistor.
• Unit: The value of resistor is called resistance. It is denoted by
R and the unit of resistance is Ohms (Ω).
• Symbol:
Fixed Resistor
Variable Resistor

6. Resistance
• Resistance of material is defined as the opposition to flow of
current. It is measured in Ohms (Ω).
• Resistance of metal is small that means they are good conductors of
electric current.
• But certain material like plastic, wood glass do not allow the current
to pass through them easily, hence they are called as bad conductors
or Insulator.
• The mathematical expression for resistance of conductor is,
𝑹 = 𝝆
𝒍
𝒂
Where, 𝝆 = Resistivity of material & it is constant
l = Length of conductor
a = Cross section area

7. Classification of Resistors
Resistors
– Linear
• Fixed
• Variable
– Non Linear
• Thermistor (TDR)
• LDR
• VDR
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