Introduction to Hibernate Framework

Hibernate
By - Mohit Kanwar
By - Mohit Kanwar

Technologies
• Java
• 6+
• SQL
• MySQL
• MSSQL
• H2
• Oracle
3
PreRequisites
© Mohit Kanwar
• Spring
• Maven
• Git
• XML
Required Good To Have

The Course Material
4
PreRequisites
© Mohit Kanwar
• These slides are hosted at :
https://www.slideshare.net/mohitkanwar1/hibernate-1-day/
The Code is available at :
https://github.com/mohitkanwar/hibernate-tutorial
• This course is divided into following categories
• The very basics
• Introduction to Hibernate
• Working with Hibernate
• Some Advanced Topics
• FAQs and further learning

The Very Basics
5 © Mohit Kanwar

The Very Basics
• Object Oriented Programming and Programming Principles
• Application Design
• Database Connectivity
• JDBC Demo
• Introduction to ORM
Agenda
6 © Mohit Kanwar

Object Oriented Programming
• Abstraction
• Dealing with Ideas rather than representations
• Inheritance
• Acquire and pass on
• Polymorphism
• Behaving according to context
• Encapsulation
• Related items bagged together
TheVeryBasics
7 © Mohit Kanwar

Solid Principles
• Single Responsibility Principle
• Do only one thing, and do it perfectly
• Open-Close Principle
• open for extension, but closed for modification
• Liskov substitution Principle
• Replaceable by Children
• Interface segregation Principle
• Only declare mandatory
• Dependency Inversion Principle
• Abstractions should not depend on details. Details should depend on
abstractions.
TheVeryBasics
8 © Mohit Kanwar

3 Tier Architecture
Front End Business Logic Database
TheVeryBasics
Introduction9 © Mohit Kanwar

Responsibilities of each layer
User
Experience
Multi
Channel
i18n
Fast
OOPs
Functional
Scalable
Performant
Libraries
Persistence
Transactional
TheVeryBasics
Focused areas
SQL
Index
Stored
Procedures
Brandable
10 © Mohit Kanwar

Technologies in each layer
TheVeryBasics
Languages focused in specific areas11 © Mohit Kanwar

Getting the Data : The Tasks
Front
End
Business
Logic
Database
Get Connection
Prepare Query
Execute Query
Close Connection
TheVeryBasics
12 © Mohit Kanwar

Getting the Data : Solutions
Front
End
Business
Logic
Database
TheVeryBasics
13 © Mohit Kanwar
Chose one of the technology to manage
the database.
JDBC
Hibernate
Spring Data
iBatis

Java Database Connectivity (JDBC)
• JDBC is a Java API to connect to databases
• Different drivers are available to connect to different databases
• Driver jars may be OS Dependent
• It involves higher maintenance cost with scaling of the
application
TheVeryBasics
14 © Mohit Kanwar

Application Architecture
TheVeryBasics
Controller Service DAO
POJO
15 © Mohit Kanwar

JDBC Demo
TheVeryBasics
16 © Mohit Kanwar

Project Setup
• Install a database (e.g. MySQL)
• Install an IDE (e.g. IntelliJ)
• Setup a Java Project
TheVeryBasics:JDBCDemo
17 © Mohit Kanwar

Application Design : Users
• UserController
• create User
• getAllUsers
• UserService
• create User
• getAllUsers
• User
• firstname
• lastname
• dateOfJoining
18
© Mohit Kanwar
• Schema
• Table
• USERS
• FNAME
• LNAME
• DOJ

Application Design : DB Setup
• Create Queries
• Create Connection
• Add Driver Jars
19
© Mohit Kanwar

Service
• Create Statement
• Setup the statement with query and query parameters
• Execute the statement
• Traverse through the Result Set
• Create User Objects
20 © Mohit Kanwar

User POJO
• POJO Class for business Purposes
• Contains the Domain Model of the Object to be persisted
21 © Mohit Kanwar

Database Table
• Create the table
• Populate with seed data
• Optional : create indexes/triggers etc
22 © Mohit Kanwar

Post Demo Discussions
• What are the code improvements that we can do?
• Can we make CRUD operations aligned towards business
models, instead of database tables?
• How difficult is it to move from MySQL to Oracle?
• Different types in MySQL and Oracle
• Converting Java Types to respective DB Types
• Can we implement inheritance in database tables?
• How do we define uniqueness?
• Can we add some more features?
23 © Mohit Kanwar

Object Oriented Queries : A few points
• Move Hardcoding to properties
• Making java code more flexible
• Segregate Domain logic from Table Row
• Single place of type conversion
• Creating configuration of mapping table to Domain Model
• Utility to do db operations segregated from domain logic
• utility.save(user)
• utility.update(student)
• Adding features like Connection Management, Caching, Query
tuning would help
TheVeryBasics
24 © Mohit Kanwar

Type System Mismatch
Java Oracle Microsoft SQL Server
String Varchar (length) , CLOB VARCHAR,NVARCHAR
Char, char Char CHAR
int, Integer Integer, NUMERIC,BIGINT
Boolean, boolean Boolean BOOLEAN
Long, long,Float Float Binary_Double
Date Date DATETIME
Object RAW BINARY
TheVeryBasics
25 © Mohit Kanwar
Removing dependency on underlying database

Object Relational Mapping
• Object-relational mapping is a technique for converting data
between incompatible type systems using object-
oriented programming languages.
• This creates, in effect, a "virtual object database" that can be
used from within the programming language. There are both
free and commercial packages available that perform object-
relational mapping, although some programmers opt to
construct their own ORM tools.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-relational_mapping
TheVeryBasics
26 © Mohit Kanwar

Object Relational Mismatch
TheVeryBasics
ID NAME USERCONTACTID
1 Gavin King Contact-1
USERCONTACTID CONTACTTYPE CONTACTTYPEID
Contact-1 EMAIL EMAIL-1
Contact-1 PHONE PHONE-1
CONTACTTYPEID EMAIL
EMAIL-1 gking@example.com
CONTACTTYPEID PHONE
PHONE-1 +91-9000000000
User
Contacts
Email
Phone
27 © Mohit Kanwar

Inheritance Mismatch
TheVeryBasics
ID NAME USERCONTACTID EmployeeId
1 Gavin King Contact-1 1
User
ID DEPARTMENT
1 Finance
Employee
28 © Mohit Kanwar

Identity Mismatch
• Identity vs Equality
• == vs .equals
• The ID Column in table
TheVeryBasics
29 © Mohit Kanwar

Why ORM Tools
• Domain Model Pattern
• Focus on business concepts and not on relational DB Structure
• Interconnected Objects
• Each object is a meaningful concept
• Object Oriented
• Inheritance
• Encapsulation
• Object Identity
• Navigate through the Object Graph instead of relational model
• Increased Development Speed
• Portability
• Mostly DB Independent
• Query Abstractions
• Performance
• Caching
• More Control
TheVeryBasics
30 © Mohit Kanwar

Java Persistence API
• Aka JPA
• JSR 317 (2.0) & JSR 338 (2.1)
• Included in Java SE and Java EE
• Provides portability between JPA Implementations (with some
limitations)
• Standardized ORM Concepts, API and query language (JPQL)
TheVeryBasics
31 © Mohit Kanwar

Hibernate Basics
• Introduction to Hibernate
• Architecture of applications using hibernate
• Hibernate Configurations
• Setting up Project
Agenda
33 © Mohit Kanwar

Introduction to Hibernate
• Hibernate is an Open Source, lightweight ORM Tool
• It simplifies the database interactions of a Java application.
• It helps in representing data as business units and hides the
database implementation details
• It has a huge community and it’s code can be found at
https://github.com/hibernate/hibernate-orm
• The official documentation of Hibernate can be found at
http://hibernate.org/orm/documentation/5.2/
HibernateBasics
34 © Mohit Kanwar

Why Hibernate?
• It is a fast performing ORM tool
• It provides a Database Independent Query Language
• Tools available to synchronize business model and database
• it simplifies complex Joins
• Provides query statistics and database status
• 100% TCK Compliant
• It is highly configurable.
• It provides simple APIs to store and retrieve data
HibernateBasics
35 © Mohit Kanwar

Hibernate Architecture
HibernateBasics
36
Database
ControllerView Service
Business Model
DAL
Configurations Configurations
Non Hibernate Hibernate Database
Session
Transactions
Caching
Query
Mapping Database
View Model
© Mohit Kanwar

Data Persistence
• Hibernate works with existing Java Object Model
• Model is marked as persistent by creating required configuration
• Mapping is created for business models and DB tables
HibernateBasics
37 © Mohit Kanwar

Data Persistence States
HibernateBasics
38
Transient
Persistent
Detached
In Memory
In DB
© Mohit Kanwar

Hibernate Configurations
• Configuration
HibernateBasics
Database Configuration Domain Model -Table mapping Optional Configurations
39
hibernate.connection.driver_class
hibernate.connection.url
hibernate.connection.username
hibernate.connection.password
hibernate.dialect
classname.hbm.xml
annotations based
hibernate.show_sql
hibernate.format_sql
hibernate.jdbc.fetch_size
hibernate.jdbc.batch_size
hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto
hibernate.connection.pool_size
© Mohit Kanwar
The native driver class to be used for
managing the DB Connection. This
would be the standard JDBC driver
classes.
URL for the database server
Username to connect to the database
Password (if any) for the userDialect for the SQL queries to be
executed
Mappings between Entity class and
Database Tables

Database Configuration
• Configurtions can be achieved using any of the following types
of configuration
• XML based : hibernate.cfg.xml
• Properties based : hibernate.properties
• Passed through command line
• Programmatic Configuration
HibernateBasics
40 © Mohit Kanwar

XML Based Mapping
HibernateBasics
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name = "User" table = "USERS " >
<meta attribute = "class-description"> This class contains the details of Users. </meta>
<id name = "id" type = "int" column = "id">
<generator class="native"/> </id>
<property name = "name" column = "FULL_NAME" type = "string"/>
<property name = "email" column = ”EMAIL" type = " string "/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
41 © Mohit Kanwar

Annotation Based Mapping
HibernateBasics
import javax.persistence.*;
@Entity
@Table(name = "USERS")
public class User {
@Id
@Column(name = "ID")
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
private int id;
@Column(name = "FULL_NAME")
private String name;
@Column(name = "EMAIL")
private String email;
//Getters and Setters
}
42 © Mohit Kanwar

Working with Hibernate
43
© Mohit Kanwar

Agenda
• Setting up your workspace
• Create Operation
• Update Operation
• Delete Operation
• Retrieve Operation
• HQL
• Criteria
• Hibernate Tools
WorkingwithHibernate
44 © Mohit Kanwar

Setting up your workspace
45 © Mohit Kanwar
• Create Project Structure
• Create folder structure
• Create Java Project
• Add Hibernate and MySQL Dependencies
• Create hibernate configuration
• Create the mapping file

Creating the project Structure
46 © Mohit Kanwar
• We are going to use a maven project for the same.
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.6</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>4.3.11.Final</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
Database
Connector
hibernate
Maven
Compiler
Plugin

Create Hibernate Configurations
47 © Mohit Kanwar
• We are going to use hibernate.cfg.xml for defining hibernate
configurations
• <classname>.hbm.xml files for defining mappings

Create Hibernate Configurations
48 © Mohit Kanwar
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.password">root</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.pool_size">1</property>
<property name="hibernate.current_session_context_class">thread</property>
<property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>
<property name="packagesToScan">com.mk.tutorials.hibernate</property>
<mapping class="com.mk.tutorials.hibernate.User" resource="User.hbm.xml"/>
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

Create Hibernate Mappings
49 © Mohit Kanwar
<class name="com.mk.tutorials.hibernate.User" table="USERS">
<id name="username" column="USERNAME" type="java.lang.String" >
<generator class="assigned"></generator>
</id>
<property name="firstname" column="FIRSTNAME" type="java.lang.String"/>
<property name="lastname" column="LASTNAME" type="java.lang.String"/>
<property name="doj" column="DOJ" type="java.util.Date"/>
</class>

Creating a row in DB
50 © Mohit Kanwar
• An object instance is equivalent to a row in database
• Hibernate allows us to be agnostic about the database
• While working with hibernate, we are concerned about the session
• Hibernate manages creation of rows automatically

Session
• The main runtime interface between a Java application and
Hibernate.
• The lifecycle of a Session is bounded by the beginning and end
of a logical transaction.
• Session offers CRUD operations for mapped entity classes
• Sessions are created by SessionFactory
• SessionFactory is generally one per application
51 © Mohit Kanwar

Transactions
• A Transaction is a set of instructions, which are treated as a
single unit of work.
• They should either be completed, or no partial of it should have
been executed.
52 © Mohit Kanwar

Transactions : ACID
53 © Mohit Kanwar
Atomicity
• Single unit
of operation
• It should
either be
complete or
not at all
• No middle
state
Consistency
• Consistency
of referential
integrity
Isolation
• Each
transaction
must be
isolated
from others
Durability
• Changes are
stored
permanently
• Must not be
erased due
to system
failure

Saving a User
54 © Mohit Kanwar
public void createUser(User user) {
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
Transaction t = session.beginTransaction();
session.save(user);
t.commit();
session.close();
}

Persist a User
55 © Mohit Kanwar
public void createUser(User user) {
session.persist(user);
t.commit();
session.close();
}

Save vs Persist
56 © Mohit Kanwar
• Returns the generated ID
after saving
• Session.save() for a
detached object will create a
new row.
• It is void. ID is not returned
• Session.persist() for a
detached object will
throw PersistentObjectExcep
tion as it is not allowed.

Updating the row
57 © Mohit Kanwar
• What is ID?
• What is equals method?
• Remember the concept of Identity Mismatch?

ID
• Id is used to identify an entity.
• It is analogues to Primary Key in DB Table.
• Id value can be assigned or generated.
• In Hibernate Entities, it is mandatory to define an Id.
58 © Mohit Kanwar

Equals
• Default implementation is available in object class and
corresponds to == operator a.k.a referential check
• .equals(Object o) should be over-ridden if a behaviour equality
is desired.
• Hibernate uses the Id to find the row in table, hence equals
method should correspond the same behaviour.
59 © Mohit Kanwar
https://docs.jboss.org/hibernate/stable/core.old/reference/en/html/persistent-classes-equalshashcode.html

Update the row
60 © Mohit Kanwar
@Override
public void update(User user) {
session.update(user);
t.commit();
session.close();
}
@Override
public void update(User user) {
session.update(user);
t.commit();
session.close();
}

Delete the row
61 © Mohit Kanwar
@Override
public void delete(User user) {
session.delete(user);
t.commit();
session.close();
}

Fetch all rows by Query *
62 © Mohit Kanwar
public List<User> getAllUsers() {
List<User> users = session.createQuery("from User").list();
session.close();
return users;
}
select user0_.USERNAME as USERNAME1_0_, user0_.FIRSTNAME as FIRSTNAM2_0_, user0_.LASTNAME
as LASTNAME3_0_, user0_.DOJ as DOJ4_0_ from USERS user0_

Fetch rows using Criteria *
63 © Mohit Kanwar
public List<User> getAllUsers() {
Criteria cr = session.createCriteria(User.class);
List<User> users = cr.list();
session.close();
return users;
}

Mapping using annotations
64 © Mohit Kanwar
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Objects;
@Entity
@Table (name = "USERS")
public class User implements java.io.Serializable {
@Id
@Column(name = "USERNAME")
private String username;
@Column(name = "FIRSTNAME")
private String firstname;
@Column(name = "LASTNAME")
private String lastname;
@Column(name = "DOJ")
private Date doj;
<mapping class="com.mk.tutorials.hibernate.User"/>

Hibernate Query Language
65
© Mohit Kanwar

Introduction
• Hibernate Query Language (HQL) is a database independent
Structural Query Language
• It is closer to a Java developer as compared to SQL
• It makes use of Class names instead of Table names
• It is object oriented way of accessing an SQL db
66
WorkingwithHibernate:HQL
© Mohit Kanwar

Query Interface
• OOPs way of representing a db query
• It abstracts out the db implementation underneath
67
© Mohit Kanwar

Aliases
• Aliases are useful in giving names to Entities
• "FROM User AS U”
• The keyword “As” is optional
• “FROM User U”
68
© Mohit Kanwar
“SELECT u.firstname FROM User u”

Where Clause
69
© Mohit Kanwar
"SELECT firstname FROM User WHERE username = 'myusername'"

Prepared Statement
70
© Mohit Kanwar
public List<String> getSomeFirstNames(String name) {
String stringQuery = "SELECT firstname FROM User WHERE username = :uname";
Query hql = session.createQuery(stringQuery);
hql.setString("uname",name);
List<String> users = hql.list();
session.close();
return users;
}

Aggregate Functions
71
© Mohit Kanwar
Sum
Avg
Min
Max
Count

Other Queries
72
© Mohit Kanwar
“UPDATE User SET name=:n WHERE id=:i”
“DELETE User WHERE id=:i”
“DELETE User WHERE id >=:i”

Using SQL with Hibernate
73
© Mohit Kanwar
public List<User> getAllUsersBySQL() {
String sqlQuery = "SELECT * FROM USERS";
Query query = session.createSQLQuery(sqlQuery)
.addEntity(User.class);
List<User> users = query.list();
session.close();
return users;
}
Native Query
Entity Mapping

Criteria API
• Criteria is object oriented representation of the criteria for the
query
• You can add multiple restrictions in the criteria and define the
query behavior.
74
© Mohit Kanwar

Batch Processing
• Hibernate caches all the newly inserted entity instances in
session level cache.
• Creating more instances (in the same transaction) than the
available memory may lead to OutOfMemoryException
• Make use of hibernate.jdbc.batch_size property
• Flush the session during insertion
• Clear the cache during insertion
75
© Mohit Kanwar

Batch Processing
76
© Mohit Kanwar
public void createUsers(List<User> users){
int batchSize = Integer.parseInt(configuration.getProperties().getProperty("hibernate.jdbc.batch_size"));
for(int i = 0 ;i < users.size(); i++){
session.save(users.get(i));
if(i % batchSize==0){
session.flush();
session.clear();
}
}
t.commit();
session.close();
}

Hibernate Tools
77 © Mohit Kanwar
• Mapping Editors
• Hibernate Console
• Reverse Engineering
• Wizards
• Ant Tasks
http://hibernate.org/tools/

EntityManager
• An EntityManager is a JPA Standard
• It’s instance is associated with a persistence context.
• The EntityManager API is used to create and remove persistent
entity instances, to find entities by their primary key, and to
query over entities.
• EntityManager is created by EntityManagerFactory
80
JPA
© Mohit Kanwar

ID Generation Strategies
• GenerationType.AUTO
• Hibernate choses GenerationType.SEQUENCE as default for most dbs
• GenerationType.IDENTITY
• auto-incremented database column, DB decides
• GenerationType.SEQUENCE
• Uses a DB Sequence to generate ID
• Define your own Strategy
81
JPA
https://www.thoughts-on-java.org/jpa-generate-primary-keys/
© Mohit Kanwar

ID Example
82
@Id
@Column(name = "ID")
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
private int id;
ID NAME EMAIL …
1 … … …
2 … … …
3 … … …
© Mohit Kanwar

Composite Key for IDs
83
StudentID CourseID TestDate Score
1 1 … …
2 1 … …
2 2 … …
Test_Score_History
@Embeddable
public class TestScoreHistoryKey implements Serializable{
private long studentId;
private long courseId;
@Entity
@Table(name = "TEST_SCORE_HISTORY")
public class TestScoreHistory {
@Id
private TestScoreHistoryKey key;
private Date testDate;
private float score;
© Mohit Kanwar

Composite Key for IDs
84
StudentID CourseID TestDate Score
1 1 … …
2 1 … …
2 2 … …
Test_Score_History
@Entity
@Table(name = "TEST_SCORE_HISTORY")
public class TestScoreHistory {
@EmbeddedId
private TestScoreHistoryKey key;
private Date testDate;
private float score;
© Mohit Kanwar

Composite Key for IDs : Points to Note
• The Composite Key Class
• must implement Serializable
Interface
• must define equals and hashcode
methods
• must have a default constructor
85
public long getStudentId() {…}
public void setStudentId(long studentId) {…}
public long getCourseId() {…}
public void setCourseId(long courseId) {…}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {…}
@Override
public int hashCode() {… }
© Mohit Kanwar

Inheritance in Hibernate
86
• Multiple entities can be represented in database following
Inheritance pattern
• Developer needs to decide a strategy for inheritance
• Available strategies are
• Single Table
• Table per Class
• Joined
© Mohit Kanwar

Inheritance : Single Table
87
User
• userId
• password
• fullname
@Entity
@Inheritance(strategy = InheritanceType.SINGLE_TABLE)
@DiscriminatorColumn(name = "DTYPE",discriminatorType =
DiscriminatorType.STRING)
@DiscriminatorValue(value = "STUDENT")
public class Student extends User{
@Column(name = "ENROLLMENTDATE")
private Date enrollmentDate;
• All Elements are in same table
• Entities are differentiated on basis of a column in table
• Inherited class will have a specified discriminator value
userId password fullname DTYPE enrollmentDate
Student
• enrollmentDate
© Mohit Kanwar

Inheritance : Table per Class
88
User
• userId
• password
• fullname
Student
• enrollmentDate
Employee
• employeeId
userId password fullname enrollmentDate
Student
userId password fullname employeeID
Employee
© Mohit Kanwar

Inheritance : Joined
89
User
• userId
• password
• fullname
Student
• enrollmentDate
Employee
• employeeId
userId password fullname
User
userId enrollmentDate
Student
userId employeeID
Employee
© Mohit Kanwar

Shortcomings of Hibernate
• Hibernate cannot work on tables without Primary Key.
• However, having a PK is a good practice in general
• Performance Tuning still needs to be done natively
HibernateFundamentals
96 © Mohit Kanwar

What are the key components of
Hibernate?
• Configuration
• DB Configurations
• Mappings
• SessioFactory
• Session
• Transaction
• Query
• Criteria
98
FAQ
© Mohit Kanwar

What are the best practices that hibernate
recommends for persistent classes?
• default constructor
• ID
• private attribute with getters and setters
• persistent classes should either be non-final or implement an
interface that declares all public methods as hibernate uses
proxies internally
99
FAQ
© Mohit Kanwar

What are the alternatives to Hibernate?
• Java Data Objects
• iBatis
• Spring Data Access Objects
• Any framework which follows JPA
100
FAQ
© Mohit Kanwar

Can we use Hibernate with NOSQL
Databases?
• Hibernate is built to be used with Relational Databases
• Although it is technically possible to design your application
using hibernate which works with both SQL as well as NOSQL
databases, it will lead to some design and performance costs
• Hibernate OGM is a module created for NOSQL databases.
101
FAQ
© Mohit Kanwar
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2153195/hibernate-with-mongodb

References
• https://www.javatpoint.com/hibernate-tutorial
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-relational_mapping
• Just Hibernate - By Madhusudhan Konda
• https://www.tutorialspoint.com/hibernate/index.htm
• http://hibernate.org/orm/documentation/5.2/
• https://www.slideshare.net/VladMihalcea/high-performance-hibernate-devoxx-france
• https://www.slideshare.net/alimenkou/why-do-i-hate-hibernate-12998784
• https://www.thoughts-on-java.org/jpa-generate-primary-keys/
• https://docs.jboss.org/ejb3/app-server/tutorial/singleinheritance/single.html
• http://docs.jboss.org/hibernate/core/3.5/reference/en/html/mapping.html#mapping-
declaration-id
• https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/what-hibernate-java-allen-peter/
• https://docs.jboss.org/hibernate/orm/3.3/reference/en/html/queryhql.html
102 © Mohit Kanwar

Recommended Further Reading
• https://martinfowler.com/bliki/OrmHate.html
• https://vladmihalcea.com/how-to-implement-a-custom-string-
based-sequence-identifier-generator-with-hibernate/
• https://docs.jboss.org/hibernate/orm/3.3/reference/en/html/i
nheritance.html
• https://www.javatpoint.com/hibernate-and-spring-integration
• http://hibernate.org/ogm/
• https://vladmihalcea.com/a-beginners-guide-to-jpa-and-
hibernate-cascade-types/
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A performance review
ProgrammingBasics
“More than half of application performance
bottlenecks originate in the database, but most
application teams have little or no visibility into
database performance.”
https://www.appdynamics.com/database/
- Appdynamics
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Introduction to Hibernate Framework

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