Chapter 18-The Markets for the Factors of Production.pptxsgrQuliyev
This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 18 of N. Gregory Mankiw's Principles of Economics, 9th Edition relating to factor markets. It discusses the derived demand for factors of production from firms' production decisions. Labor demand depends on firms' marginal productivity of labor and profit maximization. The demand and supply of labor determines equilibrium wages. Immigration can impact wages for different types of workers. Equilibrium rental prices for land and capital also equal their marginal productivity. Productivity growth has historically driven increases in real wages over time.
Chapter 02 Thinking Like an Economist Business Economices.pptxTanveerAhmed272451
The document is a chapter from N. Gregory Mankiw's Principles of Economics textbook. It discusses how economists use the scientific method to develop theories, collect data, analyze results, and test theories. It provides examples of economic models like the circular flow diagram and production possibilities frontier that help simplify and explain economic concepts. The chapter also discusses how economists take different approaches based on their values and scientific judgments, and provides propositions about economic issues that most economists agree on.
Upwork commissioned Edelman Intelligence, an independent firm, to conduct the first Freelance Forward study, which is our seventh annual study of the U.S. freelance workforce. We surveyed more than 6,000 U.S. workers over the age of 18 and found that 59 million Americans performed freelance work in the past 12 months, representing 36% of the U.S. workforce, an increase of 2 million freelancers since 2019.
This year’s research revealed how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the composition and demographics of the freelance workforce.
- 57 million Americans, or 35% of the U.S. workforce, freelanced in the past year. The share of full-time freelancers has increased from 17% in 2014 to 28% in 2019.
- The most common type of freelance work is providing skilled services like programming, marketing, and consulting.
- 60% of freelancers started freelancing by choice rather than necessity, and for the first time as many see it as a long-term career rather than temporary work.
This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 23 of N. Gregory Mankiw's Principles of Macroeconomics, 9th Edition. It defines GDP as the total market value of final goods and services produced within an economy in a given period of time. GDP can be measured by total income (sum of wages, profits, interest and rent) or by total expenditure (sum of consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports). It also distinguishes between nominal GDP measured at current prices and real GDP measured in constant prices to account for inflation.
Chapter 18-The Markets for the Factors of Production.pptxsgrQuliyev
This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 18 of N. Gregory Mankiw's Principles of Economics, 9th Edition relating to factor markets. It discusses the derived demand for factors of production from firms' production decisions. Labor demand depends on firms' marginal productivity of labor and profit maximization. The demand and supply of labor determines equilibrium wages. Immigration can impact wages for different types of workers. Equilibrium rental prices for land and capital also equal their marginal productivity. Productivity growth has historically driven increases in real wages over time.
Chapter 02 Thinking Like an Economist Business Economices.pptxTanveerAhmed272451
The document is a chapter from N. Gregory Mankiw's Principles of Economics textbook. It discusses how economists use the scientific method to develop theories, collect data, analyze results, and test theories. It provides examples of economic models like the circular flow diagram and production possibilities frontier that help simplify and explain economic concepts. The chapter also discusses how economists take different approaches based on their values and scientific judgments, and provides propositions about economic issues that most economists agree on.
Upwork commissioned Edelman Intelligence, an independent firm, to conduct the first Freelance Forward study, which is our seventh annual study of the U.S. freelance workforce. We surveyed more than 6,000 U.S. workers over the age of 18 and found that 59 million Americans performed freelance work in the past 12 months, representing 36% of the U.S. workforce, an increase of 2 million freelancers since 2019.
This year’s research revealed how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the composition and demographics of the freelance workforce.
- 57 million Americans, or 35% of the U.S. workforce, freelanced in the past year. The share of full-time freelancers has increased from 17% in 2014 to 28% in 2019.
- The most common type of freelance work is providing skilled services like programming, marketing, and consulting.
- 60% of freelancers started freelancing by choice rather than necessity, and for the first time as many see it as a long-term career rather than temporary work.
This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 23 of N. Gregory Mankiw's Principles of Macroeconomics, 9th Edition. It defines GDP as the total market value of final goods and services produced within an economy in a given period of time. GDP can be measured by total income (sum of wages, profits, interest and rent) or by total expenditure (sum of consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports). It also distinguishes between nominal GDP measured at current prices and real GDP measured in constant prices to account for inflation.
This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 23 of N. Gregory Mankiw's Principles of Economics, 9th Edition relating to measuring a nation's income. It introduces GDP as a measure of total income and expenditure in an economy. GDP is broken down into consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports. The concepts of nominal GDP, real GDP, and GDP deflator are explained to distinguish GDP adjusted for inflation. A table and graph show real GDP growth in the US economy over the past 50 years, along with recessions that interrupted periods of growth.
This document outlines a plan to achieve full employment in the UK by 2020-21. It defines full employment as reaching an employment rate of 78% for those aged 16-64, with most of the growth coming from increased participation rather than lower unemployment. It argues that a new policy agenda is needed focused on reducing employment exits and increasing entry for "low activity" groups like the disabled, low-qualified, mothers, and ethnic minorities. The document proposes policies like employment support services for all workless people and targeting apprenticeships at those transitioning to work. Achieving full employment is positioned as key to inclusive prosperity.
The document summarizes key findings from a study on the on-demand economy:
- An estimated 3.9 million Americans currently work in the on-demand economy, a number expected to grow to 7.7 million by 2020.
- Most on-demand work is part-time, with workers averaging 11 hours per week and many having additional traditional jobs.
- Workers are drawn to on-demand jobs for a variety of reasons, including earning supplemental income, testing business ideas, pursuing freelance careers, or due to difficulty finding traditional work.
- In general, most on-demand workers plan to continue such work and are satisfied with it.
Chapter 26 Saving, Investment, and the Financial System.pptxanisadiandraoktavian
This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 26 of N. Gregory Mankiw's Principles of Economics, 9th Edition relating to the financial system. It discusses how financial institutions like markets and intermediaries help match savers and borrowers. It also covers accounting identities showing the relationship between saving, investment, and other macroeconomic variables. Finally, it introduces the market for loanable funds where interest rates clear the market.
The document discusses unemployment, inflation, and deflation. It defines unemployment and outlines how it is calculated, describing the different types of unemployment like frictional, structural, cyclical, and seasonal. It also discusses how extending unemployment benefits may increase unemployment levels. The document then defines inflation and deflation, and explains how price indexes are used to measure changes in prices. It outlines the chapter's learning objectives which include explaining how unemployment and inflation are calculated and defined.
This document discusses unemployment, including how it is measured, its various costs, types of unemployment, and policies related to achieving full employment. Unemployment is measured as the number of people actively seeking work but unable to find a job. There are personal, economic, and social costs of unemployment. The main types of unemployment are frictional, structural, seasonal, and cyclical. Full employment is defined as the lowest unemployment rate compatible with price stability, around 4-6%. Policies aim to reduce unemployment through monetary policy, fiscal policy, education/training, and labor market flexibility.
This document discusses three basic economic problems - poverty, unemployment, and inflation. It provides details on the concepts of absolute and relative poverty, the types and causes of unemployment, and the different types of inflation. For poverty, it outlines the definitions of absolute and relative poverty. It also discusses the causes of poverty and measures to reduce it, including employment programs and reducing economic inequalities. For unemployment, it describes the types like cyclical, frictional, structural and seasonal unemployment and provides their causes and remedies. For inflation, it defines inflation and discusses demand-pull and cost-push inflation and inflation based on its degree of rise in prices.
Dispatches From the New Economy: The On-Demand WorkforceIntuit Inc.
This document summarizes a report on the on-demand workforce. It finds that the number of Americans working on-demand jobs will grow significantly by 2021. Many people use on-demand work to supplement their income or fill temporary financial needs. While income can be unpredictable, most workers are satisfied with the flexibility of on-demand jobs. The report also finds that many use this work to build their own business or explore self-employment. Overall, the on-demand economy provides opportunities but also challenges regarding reliable income and benefits.
PeoplePerHour has embarked on its first comprehensive semi-annual self-employment report to determine the underlying market drivers and labour trends in this burgeoning segment of the labour force. Our analysis is two-fold in that we prepare an exhaustive questionnaire that drills down into the socio-economic aspects of self-employment both at home in the UK, and our broader global self-employed marketplace. The second component of our research involves a deep data-drive into our user-population to determine aspects such as average project duration, income, industry and average hours worked.
Semi-Annual Report on Self-Employment by PeoplePerHourKelly Bolton
PeoplePerHour has embarked on its first comprehensive semi-annual self-employment report to determine the underlying market drivers and labour trends in this burgeoning segment of the labour force. Our analysis is two-fold in that we prepare an exhaustive questionnaire that drills down into the socio-economic aspects of self-employment both at home in the UK, and our broader global self-employed marketplace. The second component of our research involves a deep data-drive into our user-population to determine aspects such as average project duration, income, industry and average hours worked.
UNEMPLOYMENT- A DISGUISED THREAT TO SOCIETYB Avinash
Here, it is a brief presentation regarding what is unemployment and how it may be a threat to our society at our unknowingly. Thank you for reading it.
An online survey of over 7,000 U.S. adults found that 34% of the U.S. workforce, or 53.7 million people, engage in supplemental freelance work. More people are choosing to freelance by choice rather than necessity, driven primarily by a desire for flexibility. The majority of freelancers who left traditional employment now earn more money as freelancers. Technology is making it easier to find freelance work online, with over half of freelancers obtaining projects online.
“Freelancing in America” is the most comprehensive study of the independent workforce. Commissioned by Upwork and Freelancers Union, this study analyzes the size of the growing freelance economy and provides insights into the major role freelancers play in the future of work. In fact, based on this year’s findings it is predicted that the majority of the U.S. workforce will be freelancers within a decade (by 2027).
Freelancing in New York is the first comprehensive measure of the independent workforce in New York City. Commissioned by Freelancers Union, Upwork, and the NYC Mayor's Office of Media and Entertainment, this study surveyed 5,000 working adults in New York City. The study, launched in part to inform work at Freelancers Hub, the first City-funded effort providing dedicated coworking and training to freelancers, estimates that 1.3 million workers are freelancing — with an estimated annual economic impact of $31.4 billion in earnings from their freelance work.
The contents include;
Defining unemployment
key points
types of unemployment
measuring unemployment
effects of unemployment
reducing unemployment
unemployment in Pakistan
causes and effects of unemployment
solution of unemployment
impacts of covid 19 on unemployment
Working Better With Age: Engaging Older WorkersStephen Moore
This document discusses trends in employment rates among different age groups and potential ways to support older workers remaining in the workforce. The percentage of people with paying jobs declines significantly from 75% among those aged 18-34 to 34% among those aged 55+. Most people over 55 who do not have paying jobs have not looked for work in over two years, with nearly half not needing or wanting to work due to reasons like retirement or health issues. However, 29% of people over 55 would accept an appealing job offer. The document recommends ways to grow the labor force such as providing flexible work arrangements, investing in skills training, improving employment services, reforming pension systems, and combating age-based discrimination.
Heather Elizabeth HamoodHeather Elizabeth Hamoodheatherhamood
Heather Hamood is a Licensed Physician who enjoys playing the Violin in her spare time. In addition to helping people as a Doctor, she loves to share her passion for the violin.
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This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 23 of N. Gregory Mankiw's Principles of Economics, 9th Edition relating to measuring a nation's income. It introduces GDP as a measure of total income and expenditure in an economy. GDP is broken down into consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports. The concepts of nominal GDP, real GDP, and GDP deflator are explained to distinguish GDP adjusted for inflation. A table and graph show real GDP growth in the US economy over the past 50 years, along with recessions that interrupted periods of growth.
This document outlines a plan to achieve full employment in the UK by 2020-21. It defines full employment as reaching an employment rate of 78% for those aged 16-64, with most of the growth coming from increased participation rather than lower unemployment. It argues that a new policy agenda is needed focused on reducing employment exits and increasing entry for "low activity" groups like the disabled, low-qualified, mothers, and ethnic minorities. The document proposes policies like employment support services for all workless people and targeting apprenticeships at those transitioning to work. Achieving full employment is positioned as key to inclusive prosperity.
The document summarizes key findings from a study on the on-demand economy:
- An estimated 3.9 million Americans currently work in the on-demand economy, a number expected to grow to 7.7 million by 2020.
- Most on-demand work is part-time, with workers averaging 11 hours per week and many having additional traditional jobs.
- Workers are drawn to on-demand jobs for a variety of reasons, including earning supplemental income, testing business ideas, pursuing freelance careers, or due to difficulty finding traditional work.
- In general, most on-demand workers plan to continue such work and are satisfied with it.
Chapter 26 Saving, Investment, and the Financial System.pptxanisadiandraoktavian
This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 26 of N. Gregory Mankiw's Principles of Economics, 9th Edition relating to the financial system. It discusses how financial institutions like markets and intermediaries help match savers and borrowers. It also covers accounting identities showing the relationship between saving, investment, and other macroeconomic variables. Finally, it introduces the market for loanable funds where interest rates clear the market.
The document discusses unemployment, inflation, and deflation. It defines unemployment and outlines how it is calculated, describing the different types of unemployment like frictional, structural, cyclical, and seasonal. It also discusses how extending unemployment benefits may increase unemployment levels. The document then defines inflation and deflation, and explains how price indexes are used to measure changes in prices. It outlines the chapter's learning objectives which include explaining how unemployment and inflation are calculated and defined.
This document discusses unemployment, including how it is measured, its various costs, types of unemployment, and policies related to achieving full employment. Unemployment is measured as the number of people actively seeking work but unable to find a job. There are personal, economic, and social costs of unemployment. The main types of unemployment are frictional, structural, seasonal, and cyclical. Full employment is defined as the lowest unemployment rate compatible with price stability, around 4-6%. Policies aim to reduce unemployment through monetary policy, fiscal policy, education/training, and labor market flexibility.
This document discusses three basic economic problems - poverty, unemployment, and inflation. It provides details on the concepts of absolute and relative poverty, the types and causes of unemployment, and the different types of inflation. For poverty, it outlines the definitions of absolute and relative poverty. It also discusses the causes of poverty and measures to reduce it, including employment programs and reducing economic inequalities. For unemployment, it describes the types like cyclical, frictional, structural and seasonal unemployment and provides their causes and remedies. For inflation, it defines inflation and discusses demand-pull and cost-push inflation and inflation based on its degree of rise in prices.
Dispatches From the New Economy: The On-Demand WorkforceIntuit Inc.
This document summarizes a report on the on-demand workforce. It finds that the number of Americans working on-demand jobs will grow significantly by 2021. Many people use on-demand work to supplement their income or fill temporary financial needs. While income can be unpredictable, most workers are satisfied with the flexibility of on-demand jobs. The report also finds that many use this work to build their own business or explore self-employment. Overall, the on-demand economy provides opportunities but also challenges regarding reliable income and benefits.
PeoplePerHour has embarked on its first comprehensive semi-annual self-employment report to determine the underlying market drivers and labour trends in this burgeoning segment of the labour force. Our analysis is two-fold in that we prepare an exhaustive questionnaire that drills down into the socio-economic aspects of self-employment both at home in the UK, and our broader global self-employed marketplace. The second component of our research involves a deep data-drive into our user-population to determine aspects such as average project duration, income, industry and average hours worked.
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PeoplePerHour has embarked on its first comprehensive semi-annual self-employment report to determine the underlying market drivers and labour trends in this burgeoning segment of the labour force. Our analysis is two-fold in that we prepare an exhaustive questionnaire that drills down into the socio-economic aspects of self-employment both at home in the UK, and our broader global self-employed marketplace. The second component of our research involves a deep data-drive into our user-population to determine aspects such as average project duration, income, industry and average hours worked.
UNEMPLOYMENT- A DISGUISED THREAT TO SOCIETYB Avinash
Here, it is a brief presentation regarding what is unemployment and how it may be a threat to our society at our unknowingly. Thank you for reading it.
An online survey of over 7,000 U.S. adults found that 34% of the U.S. workforce, or 53.7 million people, engage in supplemental freelance work. More people are choosing to freelance by choice rather than necessity, driven primarily by a desire for flexibility. The majority of freelancers who left traditional employment now earn more money as freelancers. Technology is making it easier to find freelance work online, with over half of freelancers obtaining projects online.
“Freelancing in America” is the most comprehensive study of the independent workforce. Commissioned by Upwork and Freelancers Union, this study analyzes the size of the growing freelance economy and provides insights into the major role freelancers play in the future of work. In fact, based on this year’s findings it is predicted that the majority of the U.S. workforce will be freelancers within a decade (by 2027).
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The contents include;
Defining unemployment
key points
types of unemployment
measuring unemployment
effects of unemployment
reducing unemployment
unemployment in Pakistan
causes and effects of unemployment
solution of unemployment
impacts of covid 19 on unemployment
Working Better With Age: Engaging Older WorkersStephen Moore
This document discusses trends in employment rates among different age groups and potential ways to support older workers remaining in the workforce. The percentage of people with paying jobs declines significantly from 75% among those aged 18-34 to 34% among those aged 55+. Most people over 55 who do not have paying jobs have not looked for work in over two years, with nearly half not needing or wanting to work due to reasons like retirement or health issues. However, 29% of people over 55 would accept an appealing job offer. The document recommends ways to grow the labor force such as providing flexible work arrangements, investing in skills training, improving employment services, reforming pension systems, and combating age-based discrimination.
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On 12 June 2024 the Institute for Economic Research and Policy Consulting (IER) held an online event “Economic Trends from a Business Perspective (May 2024)”.
During the event, the results of the 25-th monthly survey of business executives “Ukrainian Business during the war”, which was conducted in May 2024, were presented.
The field stage of the 25-th wave lasted from May 20 to May 31, 2024. In May, 532 companies were surveyed.
The enterprise managers compared the work results in May 2024 with April, assessed the indicators at the time of the survey (May 2024), and gave forecasts for the next two, three, or six months, depending on the question. In certain issues (where indicated), the work results were compared with the pre-war period (before February 24, 2022).
✅ More survey results in the presentation.
✅ Video presentation: https://youtu.be/4ZvsSKd1MzE