This document discusses unemployment, including how it is measured, its various costs, types of unemployment, and policies related to achieving full employment. Unemployment is measured as the number of people actively seeking work but unable to find a job. There are personal, economic, and social costs of unemployment. The main types of unemployment are frictional, structural, seasonal, and cyclical. Full employment is defined as the lowest unemployment rate compatible with price stability, around 4-6%. Policies aim to reduce unemployment through monetary policy, fiscal policy, education/training, and labor market flexibility.
The contents include;
Defining unemployment
key points
types of unemployment
measuring unemployment
effects of unemployment
reducing unemployment
unemployment in Pakistan
causes and effects of unemployment
solution of unemployment
impacts of covid 19 on unemployment
Unemployment Problem & Solutions : Bangladesh Tourism ProspectFazlea Allahie
Unemployment Problem & Solutions: Bangladesh Tourism Prospect
If you want this copy of the document please contact send an email to the following id: fazleaallahie@gmail.com
The contents include;
Defining unemployment
key points
types of unemployment
measuring unemployment
effects of unemployment
reducing unemployment
unemployment in Pakistan
causes and effects of unemployment
solution of unemployment
impacts of covid 19 on unemployment
Unemployment Problem & Solutions : Bangladesh Tourism ProspectFazlea Allahie
Unemployment Problem & Solutions: Bangladesh Tourism Prospect
If you want this copy of the document please contact send an email to the following id: fazleaallahie@gmail.com
The presentation deals with unemployment as a social problem. It discusses the meaning, various types, cause for unemployment, effect of unemployment and the solution to curtail this issue.
Unemployment in Bangladesh: Challenges and prospects Md Jakir Hossaion
Though it was a group presentation but most of the data are designed by me. Jakir Hossain - Student - Dhaka University Campus, Dhaka, Dhaka Division, Bangladesh - University of Dhaka.
The presentation deals with unemployment as a social problem. It discusses the meaning, various types, cause for unemployment, effect of unemployment and the solution to curtail this issue.
Unemployment in Bangladesh: Challenges and prospects Md Jakir Hossaion
Though it was a group presentation but most of the data are designed by me. Jakir Hossain - Student - Dhaka University Campus, Dhaka, Dhaka Division, Bangladesh - University of Dhaka.
In this comprehensive chapter on unemployment, we embark on an explorative journey into the intricate dynamics of joblessness, aiming to dissect its multifaceted nature and illuminate pathways towards meaningful solutions.
We commence our inquiry by delineating the diverse manifestations of unemployment, discerning between frictional, structural, cyclical, and seasonal unemployment. Each form bears its distinct characteristics and implications, necessitating nuanced approaches for effective intervention.
Delving deeper, we unravel the underlying drivers of unemployment, which encompass a constellation of factors spanning technological innovation, globalization, mismatched skills, and economic fluctuations. Understanding these root causes is pivotal for devising targeted strategies that address the systemic barriers to employment.
Furthermore, we scrutinize the reverberating ripple effects of unemployment across individuals, families, and communities. From financial insecurity and diminished well-being to social disintegration and diminished human capital, the repercussions of joblessness permeate every facet of society, underscoring the urgency of concerted action.
Turning our gaze towards potential remedies, we embark on a quest to unearth pathways towards inclusive prosperity. We advocate for investments in education and skills development, fostering a dynamic workforce equipped to thrive in an ever-evolving labor market. Additionally, we champion the imperative of proactive labor market policies, including job creation initiatives, wage subsidies, and retraining programs tailored to the needs of vulnerable populations.
Moreover, we spotlight the catalytic role of entrepreneurship and innovation in engendering job growth and economic resilience. By cultivating an ecosystem conducive to enterprise, we nurture the seeds of innovation and empower individuals to chart their own pathways to prosperity.
Yet, our quest for solutions extends beyond policy prescriptions to encompass a broader ethos of social solidarity and collective responsibility. We underscore the imperative of forging partnerships across sectors, harnessing the collective ingenuity of government, business, civil society, and academia to forge a more equitable and inclusive future.
In sum, this chapter serves as a testament to the complexities of unemployment and the imperative of collective action. By embracing a holistic approach that addresses the structural roots of joblessness while fostering individual empowerment, we can aspire towards a future where every individual has the opportunity to realize their full potential and contribute meaningfully to society.
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how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
#kyc #mainnet #picoins #pi #sellpi #piwallet
#pinetwork
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank Introduce New Co-Branded Credit Cardnickysharmasucks
The unveiling of the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card marks a notable milestone in the Indian financial landscape, showcasing a successful partnership between two leading institutions, Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank. This co-branded credit card not only offers users a plethora of benefits but also reflects a commitment to innovation and adaptation. With a focus on providing value-driven and customer-centric solutions, this launch represents more than just a new product—it signifies a step towards redefining the banking experience for millions. Promising convenience, rewards, and a touch of luxury in everyday financial transactions, this collaboration aims to cater to the evolving needs of customers and set new standards in the industry.
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
Resume
• Real GDP growth slowed down due to problems with access to electricity caused by the destruction of manoeuvrable electricity generation by Russian drones and missiles.
• Exports and imports continued growing due to better logistics through the Ukrainian sea corridor and road. Polish farmers and drivers stopped blocking borders at the end of April.
• In April, both the Tax and Customs Services over-executed the revenue plan. Moreover, the NBU transferred twice the planned profit to the budget.
• The European side approved the Ukraine Plan, which the government adopted to determine indicators for the Ukraine Facility. That approval will allow Ukraine to receive a EUR 1.9 bn loan from the EU in May. At the same time, the EU provided Ukraine with a EUR 1.5 bn loan in April, as the government fulfilled five indicators under the Ukraine Plan.
• The USA has finally approved an aid package for Ukraine, which includes USD 7.8 bn of budget support; however, the conditions and timing of the assistance are still unknown.
• As in March, annual consumer inflation amounted to 3.2% yoy in April.
• At the April monetary policy meeting, the NBU again reduced the key policy rate from 14.5% to 13.5% per annum.
• Over the past four weeks, the hryvnia exchange rate has stabilized in the UAH 39-40 per USD range.
Latino Buying Power - May 2024 Presentation for Latino CaucusDanay Escanaverino
Unlock the potential of Latino Buying Power with this in-depth SlideShare presentation. Explore how the Latino consumer market is transforming the American economy, driven by their significant buying power, entrepreneurial contributions, and growing influence across various sectors.
**Key Sections Covered:**
1. **Economic Impact:** Understand the profound economic impact of Latino consumers on the U.S. economy. Discover how their increasing purchasing power is fueling growth in key industries and contributing to national economic prosperity.
2. **Buying Power:** Dive into detailed analyses of Latino buying power, including its growth trends, key drivers, and projections for the future. Learn how this influential group’s spending habits are shaping market dynamics and creating opportunities for businesses.
3. **Entrepreneurial Contributions:** Explore the entrepreneurial spirit within the Latino community. Examine how Latino-owned businesses are thriving and contributing to job creation, innovation, and economic diversification.
4. **Workforce Statistics:** Gain insights into the role of Latino workers in the American labor market. Review statistics on employment rates, occupational distribution, and the economic contributions of Latino professionals across various industries.
5. **Media Consumption:** Understand the media consumption habits of Latino audiences. Discover their preferences for digital platforms, television, radio, and social media. Learn how these consumption patterns are influencing advertising strategies and media content.
6. **Education:** Examine the educational achievements and challenges within the Latino community. Review statistics on enrollment, graduation rates, and fields of study. Understand the implications of education on economic mobility and workforce readiness.
7. **Home Ownership:** Explore trends in Latino home ownership. Understand the factors driving home buying decisions, the challenges faced by Latino homeowners, and the impact of home ownership on community stability and economic growth.
This SlideShare provides valuable insights for marketers, business owners, policymakers, and anyone interested in the economic influence of the Latino community. By understanding the various facets of Latino buying power, you can effectively engage with this dynamic and growing market segment.
Equip yourself with the knowledge to leverage Latino buying power, tap into their entrepreneurial spirit, and connect with their unique cultural and consumer preferences. Drive your business success by embracing the economic potential of Latino consumers.
**Keywords:** Latino buying power, economic impact, entrepreneurial contributions, workforce statistics, media consumption, education, home ownership, Latino market, Hispanic buying power, Latino purchasing power.
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
NO1 Uk Black Magic Specialist Expert In Sahiwal, Okara, Hafizabad, Mandi Bah...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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2. Learning Objectives
• Know how unemployment is measured.
• Know the socioeconomic costs of unemployment.
• Know the major types of unemployment.
• Know the meaning of “full employment.”
2
3. Unemployment
•Unemployment
• Total number of adults (aged 16 years or older) willing
and able to work and who are actively looking for
work and have not found a job.
3
4. Unemployment (cont'd)
•Labor Force
• Individuals aged 16 years or older who either
have jobs or who are looking and available for
jobs; the number of employed plus the
number of unemployed
7-4
5. Unemployment
• Unemployment: the inability of labor force
participants to find jobs.
• This is an idled resource, so the economy
operates inside its PPC, in the inefficient zone.
• Okun’s Law: a 1 percent increase in
unemployment results in a 2 percent decrease in
GDP.
5
6. Impact of Labor Force Growth
• The labor force grows due to
population growth and
immigration, adding 2 million
new workers yearly.
• The PPC pushes outward,
increasing the capacity to
produce goods and services.
• We need to create 2 million
new jobs for the expanding
labor force, or we end up at
point F inside the PPC.
7. CALCULATING THE UNEMPLOYMENT
RATE
• To find the Unemployment Rate, we use the following equation:
• For Example, if there are 7 million unemployed people. And there are 150 million
people in the civilian labor force, we have the following rate of Unemployment:
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑒𝑜𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑈𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑜𝑦𝑒𝑑
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑒𝑜𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝐿𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑟 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒
X 100
7 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑛
150 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑛
= .047 .047 𝑋 100 = 4.7% 𝑈𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑜𝑦𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
7
8. The Labor Force
• Labor force: all persons age 16 and over who are
either employed or actively seeking work.
• Out of the labor force: those not working and not
actively seeking employment.
Total
population
Out of the
labor force
Labor force
Employed
Unemployed
8
9. Unemployment (cont'd)
• Costs of unemployment
• Personal psychological and income effects
• Economic impact includes Lost output, dependency on govt.
support, reduction in tax revenue and rural-urban migration
• Social impact include increase in crimes and use of drugs
e.g. During early 2000s, unemployment rate rose by 2% in USA,
Lost output was $200 billion of goods and services that could have been
produced
7-9
10. More Than a Century
of Unemployment
7-10
Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics
11. Demographics of Unemployment
• The unemployment rate is higher for
• Men than women.
• Blacks and Hispanics than whites.
• Less educated people than higher-educated people.
• Teenagers than people older than them.
11
12. Duration of Unemployment
• Duration: how long does joblessness last?
• When the economy is growing, both the
unemployment rate and the duration decrease.
• When the economy stagnates or goes into decline,
both the unemployment rate and the duration
increase.
12
13. Reasons for Unemployment
• Job leavers.
• They quit to seek other
opportunities.
• Job losers.
• They are laid off or fired.
• New entrants.
• First-time job seekers.
• Reentrants.
• They had left the labor
force but have returned.
14. TYPES OF
UNEMPLOYMENT
• Frictional
Unemployment: When
people take time to find
a job.
• Example: When someone
is laid off, changes jobs, or
need time to find a job
after graduating from
school.
14
15. TYPES OF UNEMPLOYMENT
• Structural Unemployment: When workers’ skills do not match what jobs
are available for (structure of) the current economy.
• Causes of Structural Unemployment:
• New Technology
• New Resources
• Changes in Consumer Demand
• Globalization- Shift to foreign markets
• Lack of Education
15
16. TYPES OF
UNEMPLOYMENT
• Seasonal Unemployment: When industries slow
or shut down for a season of the year to make
seasonal shifts in production schedules and
people lose their jobs.
• Examples: When people who sell Halloween
costumes or Christmas trees are out of a job
because the holiday has passed.
16
17. TYPES OF UNEMPLOYMENT
• Cyclical Unemployment: Unemployment that goes up during times of
economic turmoil, and goes down during times of economic prosperity.
• Examples: A recession causes people to save more and spend less, because of this
companies may slow down production and lay off workers.
17
18. GOAL: FULL EMPLOYMENT
• Zero Unemployment is always impossible in a market economy.
• But we strive for Full Employment where no cyclical unemployment exists in the
economy.
• An unemployment rate of about 4-6 percent is normal during full employment.
18
19. ASPECTS OF FULL EMPLOYMENT
• Full Employment means everyone who
wants a job has a job.
• But some of those people may be
Underemployed meaning they are
working at a job below their skillset.
• Example: An individual with a
Master’s degree, unable to find work
in their field, and settling for a job at
Publix. 19
20. ASPECTS OF FULL EMPLOYMENT
• Additionally, some people give up
trying to find work, especially during a
long recession.
• When people stop looking for jobs and
rely on other means to sustain
themselves, they are considered a
Discouraged Worker.
• These people are NOT actively seeking
a job and are therefore not included in
the Unemployment Rate.
• If Underemployed and Discourage
Workers were included in the
Unemployment Rate, it would be much
higher.
20
21. Question
How does the existence of discouraged workers bias the
unemployment rate?
DISCOURAGED WORKERS AND
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
Unemployment rate = x 100
Unemployed
Labor force
= x 100 = 6.6%
10.3
155.7
Assume that there are 3 million discouraged workers.
= x 100 = 4.8%
7.3
152.7
21
22. Defining Full Employment
•Full employment: the lowest unemployment rate
compatible with price stability; zero cyclical
unemployment.
• Both frictional and structural unemployment exist at full
employment.
•Full employment ranges between 4 and 6 percent
unemployment, depending on the size of structural
unemployment.
22
23. Full Employment and the Natural Rate of
Unemployment (cont'd)
•Natural Rate of Unemployment
• The unemployment rate that is
estimated to prevail in the long-run macroeconomic
equilibrium
• Should not reflect cyclical unemployment
• When seasonally adjusted, the natural rate should
include only frictional and structural unemployment.
7-23
24. Policies for Reducing Unemployment
• Monetary policy – cutting interest rates to boost Aggregate
Demand (AD)
• Fiscal policy – cutting taxes to boost AD.
• Education and training to help reduce structural unemployment.
• Geographical subsidies to encourage firms to invest in depressed
areas.
• Lower minimum wage to reduce real wage unemployment.
• More flexible labor markets, to make it easier to hire and fire
workers.
24
25. Public Policy For Labor Force
• Facilitate Job Search
• Unemployment Insurance programs
• Minimum Wage Laws