Slide 1 – Overview Start with a question to engage students: "How many of you use Google, YouTube, or Instagram? Have you wondered where all the data is stored?" Data: Collection of meaningful information. Example: Text, numbers, images, videos. Database: A systematic collection of data. Example: Student records stored in files. DBMS: Software to manage databases. Example: MySQL, Microsoft Access, Oracle. Slide 2 – Introduction to DBMS DBMS = Database + Management System It stores data so we can easily retrieve, update, and produce information. Database = collection of data Management System = programs to store and retrieve that data. Example: Think of a library. The books are data, and the librarian is like a DBMS helping you find and organize books. Slide 3 – Why Do We Need DBMS? Large data storage needs a proper system. DBMS optimizes: Storage of data Retrieval of data Example: In an online shopping site, DBMS helps store all product details and quickly find them when a user searches. Slide 4 – Levels of Abstraction Three levels of how data is viewed/stored: Internal Level (Physical) – How data is stored in memory (lowest level). Conceptual Level (Logical) – What data is stored (middle level). External Level (View) – How users see data (highest level). Example: Like in a restaurant: Kitchen = Internal level Menu = Conceptual level Your plate = External level Slide 5 – Relational Data Model Data is stored in tables with rows and columns. These tables are called relations. Example: A student table with names, IDs, and marks. Slide 6 – Terminology Relation: Table Tuple: Row Attribute: Column Degree: Number of attributes in a table Cardinality: Number of rows in a table Slide 7 – DDL (Data Definition Language) Used to define and change database structure: CREATE – Make a new table ALTER – Change table structure DROP – Delete table TRUNCATE – Remove all rows from table RENAME – Change table name Slide 8 – DML (Data Manipulation Language) Used to manage data: SELECT – Read data INSERT – Add data UPDATE – Change data DELETE – Remove data Slide 9 – Keys in DBMS Primary Key: Unique ID for each row (e.g., Roll Number) Foreign Key: Connects one table to another using a key from the first table. Composite Key: More than one column used as key. Slide 10 – Functions of DBMS Store and organize data Control access Protect data Create, modify, and delete data Maintain structures Backup and recovery Provide security Slide 11 – Applications of DBMS Banking: Accounts, transactions Airlines: Reservations, schedules Universities: Student details, grades Sales: Customer and product info Railways: Booking Online Shopping Slide 12 – Why DBMS Professionals Are in Demand Companies generate large amounts of data DBMS ensures data is available, consistent, and secure Data is used for decision-making, so DBMS skills are valuable Slide 13 – Job Roles in DBMS Data Engineer – Works with data pipelines SQL Developer –

1. INTRODUCTION TO
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM(DBMS)
Presented By
Pritirani pradhan

2. Content
overviews 1
Introduction 2
Levels of Abstraction 3
Data Model 4
DBMS Language 5
Keys in DBMS
6
Functions of DBMS
7
Applications of DBMS
8
Job Role
9

3. overview
Data –
Collection of meaningful information
e.g., text, numbers, images, videos
Database –
 Systematic collection of data
e.g., record of students stored in files;
Database Management System (DBMS) –
Software used to manage databases
e.g., MySQL, Microsoft Access, Oracle

4. Introduction to DBMS
DBMS stands for Database Management System.
 DBMS = Database + Management System.
 A database management system stores data in
such a way that it becomes easier to retrieve,
manipulate, and produce information.
 Database is a collection of data and
Management System is a set of programs to
store and retrieve those data.

5. Needs OF DBMS
Database systems are basically developed for
large amount of data.
 When dealing with huge amount of data, there
are two things that require optimization:
 Storage of data and
 Retrieval of data.

6. Levels of Abstraction
Internal Level (Physical Level):
Describes how data are physically
stored on the storage medium;
closest to the database
programmer; lowest level of
abstraction.
Conceptual Level (Logical Level):
Describes what data are stored in
the database; closest to the
database manager; intermediate
level of abstraction.
External Level (View Level):
Describes how data are viewed by
individual users; closest to users;

7. Relational Data Model
 Data stored in tables (relations) as rows and columns.
 These tables are called relations.

8. Terminology in Relational Data Model
Relation: A table—data organized in rows and columns.
Tuple: A row in a table.
Attribute: A column in a table.
Degree: Number of attributes in a relation.
Cardinality: Number of tuples in a relation.

9. Types of DBMS Languages:
Database languages can be used to read, store and
update the data in the database.
DBMS LANGUAGE
DML
DDL

10. Data Definition Language (DDL):
 CREATE - to create objects in the database
 CREATE TABLE table_name (column1 data_type, column2 data_type, ...);
 ALTER - alters the structure of the database
 ALTER TABLE table_name ADD COLUMN column_name data_type;
 DROP - delete objects from the database
 DROP TABLE table_name;
 TRUNCATE - remove all records from a table, including all spaces
allocated for the records are removed
 TRUNCATE TABLE table_name;
 RENAME - rename an object.
 RENAME TABLE old_table_name TO new_table_name;

11. Data Manipulation Language (DML):
Manipulation Language (DML) statements are used for managing
data within schema objects. Some examples:
 SELECT - Retrieve data from the a database
 Select * from table_name;
 INSERT - Insert data into a table
 INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, ...) VALUES (value1,
value2, ...);
 UPDATE - Updates existing data within a table
 UPDATE table_name SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2 WHERE
condition;
 DELETE - deletes all records from a table, the space for the
records remain
 DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition;

12. Keys in DBMS:
Primary Key: Attribute(s) that uniquely identify tuples in
a relation.
Candidate Key: Possible attribute combinations that can
serve as primary key.
Foreign Key: Non-key attribute whose values come from
primary key of another table

14. Functions of DBMS:
 To store data
 To organize data
 To control access to data
 To protect data
 Create databases
 Modify database data (insert, update, delete)
 Maintain database structures
 Provide security
 Perform backup and recovery

15. Applications of DBMS:
 Banking: customer information, account, loans,
transactions
 Airline: reservation and schedule in
 Universities: student info, course registration, grades
 Sales: customer, product, purchase data
 Railway reservation systems
 Online shopping etc.

16. Why DBMS Professionals Are in
Demand ?
 Every company generates and stores large volumes of
data
 DBMS ensures data availability, consistency, and security
 Data-driven decision-making fuels demand for DBMS
skills

17. Key Job Roles in DBMS
Job Title
Description
Database Administrator (DBA) Manages DB systems, ensures security, performance,
backup
Database Developer Builds queries, procedures, and optimizes database
operations
Data Analyst Uses DBMS to extract and analyze data
Data Engineer
Constructs data pipelines, integrates systems using
DBMS
SQL Developer Specializes in writing queries and stored procedures
Database Administrator (DBA) Description