The document provides an overview of cloud computing, highlighting its benefits such as data security, cost reduction, and scalability while also noting its limitations like vulnerability to attacks and network dependency. It discusses the historical emergence of cloud computing and key players, including major companies that have adopted and provided cloud services. Additionally, it outlines steps to build an effective cloud computing infrastructure for businesses.

1. Unit- 3

2. Introduction to Cloud Computing
• Cloud Computing is the delivery of computing services such as
servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics,
intelligence, and more, over the Cloud (Internet).
• Cloud Computing provides an alternative to the on-premises
data centre.
• With an on-premises data centre, we have to manage everything,
such as purchasing and installing hardware, virtualization,
installing the operating system, setting up the network,
configuring the firewall, and setting up storage for data.
• After doing all the set-up, we become responsible for
maintaining it through its entire lifecycle.

3. • But if we choose Cloud Computing, a cloud vendor is
responsible for the hardware purchase and maintenance.
• They also provide a wide variety of software and platform as a
service. We can take any required services on rent.
• The cloud environment provides an easily accessible online
portal that makes handy for the user to manage the compute,
storage, network, and application resources. Some cloud
service providers are in the following figure.

5. • Before Computing was come into existence, client Server architecture
was used where all the data and control of client resides in Server side.
• If a single user want to access some data, firstly user need to connect to
the server and after that user will get appropriate access. But it has
many disadvantages.
• Next Distributed Computing was come into existence, in this type of
computing all computers are networked together with the help of this,
user can share their resources when needed.
• It also has certain limitations.
• So in order to remove limitations faced in distributed system, cloud
computing was emerged.

6. • During 1961, John MacCharty delivered his speech at MIT that
“Computing Can be sold as a Utility, like Water and Electricity.”
• According to John MacCharty it was a brilliant idea. But people
at that time don’t want to adopt this technology.
• They thought the technology they are using efficient enough for
them.
• So, this concept of computing was not appreciated much so and
very less will research on it.
• But as the time fleet the technology caught the idea after few
years this idea is implemented.
• So, this is implemented by Salesforce.com in 1999.

7. • This company started delivering an enterprise application over
the internet and this way the boom of Cloud Computing was
started.
• In 2002, Amazon started Amazon Web Services (AWS),
Amazon will provide storage, computation over the internet.
• In 2006 Amazon launched Elastic Compute Cloud
Commercial Service which is open for Everybody to use
• After that in 2009, Google Play also started providing Cloud
Computing Enterprise Application as other companies will see
the emergence of cloud Computing they also started providing
their cloud services.
• Thus, in 2009, Microsoft launch Microsoft Azure and after
that other companies like Alibaba, IBM, Oracle, HP also
introduces their Cloud Services.

8. Benefits Of Cloud Computing
1. Data Security
 Data security is one of the most significant factors that keep
business owners up at night. Cloud computing can help
alleviate this stress.
 In the past, there have always been arguments that cloud-based
platforms are at risk of being hacked. However, the cloud’s
heavy encryption reduces the risk of data theft.
 Organizations trust cloud computing and that by 2025, total
worldwide data storage on cloud is expected to exceed 200
zettabytes.

9. 3. Cost Reduction
• Switching to any new technology can incur some costs.
• Consider it an investment that can pay off in the long run.
• The ROI can be in the form of product longevity & scalability, to name
a few, and eliminates the need for extra software and server
maintenance costs.
• Plus, the pay-as-you-go model means you only pay for what you need.
4. Complete control
• Data loss, lags, and operational dysfunction often lead to immense
scrutiny for organizations.
• The cloud provides sufficient control over the company’s ongoing
activities.
• Using the Cloud, users can track the accessibility, usability,
and deployability of sensitive data .
• A direct path to task execution is enabled, and the work can be
understood clearly.

10. 5. Flexibility
• Focusing on more than just your in-house IT structure can be
limiting and lead to poor execution.
• Instead, you need to optimize your space to cater to your customers’
needs and be unrestricted by low bandwidth.
• That’s where the Cloud comes in.
• It’s flexible and can handle last-minute changes without
compromising on quality.
• As a result, you can make quick business decisions without worrying
about IT infrastructure impacts.
6. Mobility
• The presence of the cloud marks mobility as its prime feature.
• With the help of cloud connection, companies can easily connect
remotely over an array of devices like smart phones, laptops.
• Moreover, it enables quick turnaround time, instant solutions, and
constant connection.

11. 7. Disaster Recovery
• The biggest disaster a company can undergo is “loss of data.”
Did you know that a ransom ware attack could typically cost
you $4.54 million?
• However, the cloud is a repository for backed-up data, which
helps companies recover their lost data with ease and security.
• The cloud downsizes the time wasted on technical errors, lags
to the deterred server, and other drawbacks.
• As a result, the cloud can help businesses optimize data
recovery and save time and effort.
8. Scalability
• Scalability is the most sought-after attribute of cloud computing
that can help accelerate business growth.

12. • The cloud system’s availability allows businesses to quickly
scale up or down in response to changing circumstances and
needs.
• Furthermore, employing the cloud frees up time for companies
to focus on running their operations.
12. Easy Management
• Since the organizational data is stored in the cloud, it is easy to
access the work, utilities, and tasks.
• Compared to previous techniques, cloud service management
is fairly simple because data is organized and stored in the
cloud with easy access.

14. Limitations of Cloud Computing
• Every technology has both positive and negative aspects that
are highly important to be discussed before implementing it.
• Limitations are:
1. Vulnerability to attacks:
• Storing data in the cloud may pose serious challenges of
information theft since in the cloud every data of a company is
online.
• Security breach is something that even the best organizations
have suffered from and it’s a potential risk in the cloud as
well.

15. 2. Network connectivity dependency:
• Cloud Computing is entirely dependent on the Internet.
• This direct tie-up with the Internet means that a company
needs to have reliable and consistent Internet service as well as
a fast connection and bandwidth to reap the benefits of Cloud
Computing.
3. Downtime:
• Downtime is considered as one of the biggest potential
downsides of using Cloud Computing.
• The cloud providers may sometimes face technical outages
that can happen due to various reasons, such as loss of power,
low Internet connectivity, data centres going out of service for
maintenance, etc.
• This can lead to a temporary downtime in the cloud service.

16. 4. Vendor lock-in:
• When in need to migrate from one cloud platform to another, a
company might face some serious challenges because of the
differences between vendor platforms.
• Hosting and running the applications of the current cloud
platform on some other platform may cause support
issues, configuration complexities, and additional expenses.
5. Limited control:
• Cloud customers may face limited control over their
deployments.
• Cloud services run on remote servers that are completely
owned and managed by service providers, which makes it hard
for the companies to have the level of control that they would
want over their back-end infrastructure.

17. How to Build a Cloud Computing Infrastructure:
1. Define your business needs and goals
 Before a business can implement a cloud computing infrastructure, it needs to
carefully define its needs and goals. These needs and goals can be evaluated
by asking questions such as:
1. What types of workloads will be moved to the cloud?
2. How many users will need to access shared cloud resources?
3. What are the performance and availability requirements?
4. How much data needs to be stored, and how often will it need to be
accessed?
 Once these needs are understood, the next step is to identify which cloud
deployment model – public, private, or hybrid – is best suited for the
business.
 Finally, the cloud service provider must be selected and the infrastructure put
in place. There are a number of different cloud computing providers, each
with their own unique offerings. It is important to compare and contrast these
options in order to find the best fit for the business.

18. 2. Choose the right cloud platform
• Determining which cloud platform is the best fit for a business can be
difficult. There are a variety of cloud providers – including those offering
private cloud, hybrid cloud and public cloud services. Each of these
providers comes with their own set of features and pricing models.
• It is important to select a platform whose cloud computing services meet
the specific requirements of the business.
• “One way to narrow down the choices is to consider the cloud computing
infrastructure offered by each provider.
• For example, if a business needs a scalable and highly available
infrastructure, then a provider that offers these features should be at the
top of the list.
• Another consideration is the price model. Some cloud providers charge
by the hour, others have monthly or annual subscription plans.
• Finally, it is also important to consider customer support when selecting a
cloud platform.

19. 3. Set up your virtual infrastructure
• Once the cloud provider has been selected, businesses can begin to
migrate their existing data and applications to the cloud
infrastructure. Here are a few insider tips to make the data
migration process go smoothly:
• Take inventory of what you need to migrate
• This will help you determine which cloud provider is a good fit,
and what kind of migration tools you’ll need.
• Establish a timeline and business case for the migration
• This will help you get buy-in from stakeholders and ensure that the
project stays on track.
• Check the cloud technology included with your cloud provider
• Finally, consider using a cloud platform that offers built-in
migration tools. This can save you time and money.

20. 4. Configure security and networking
• Cloud computing architectures are highly secure, but you’ll need to take steps to protect
your data. When configuring security and networking for a cloud computing
infrastructure, there are a few important factors to consider.
• First, you need to make sure that all data is properly encrypted. This will help to protect
sensitive information from being accessed by unauthorised users.
• Second, you need to ensure that the network is properly configured. This includes
setting up firewalls and implementing robust authentication and authorisation controls
in order to ensure that only authorised users have access to the network and its
sensitive data.
• See how we upgraded the IT infrastructure for Frederick Cooper.
• Finally, you need to make sure that the cloud computing infrastructure is properly
monitored. This includes monitoring for unusual activity and keeping an eye out for any
potential security threats, especially if you are using public cloud computing. Security
threats can sometimes present as a disadvantage of cloud computing, but generally the
positives outweigh the negatives. Find out more
advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing.

21. 5. Configure your storage solutions
• When configuring storage solutions in a cloud computing infrastructure, it’s
important to consider the needs of your applications and workloads. For example, if
you’re running a cloud-based database, you’ll need to ensure that your storage
solution can provide the required performance and capacity for both your operating
systems and your data storage, especially if you’re a business with a large data set. If
you need more information about where data is stored in cloud computing , we’ve
got the perfect blog.
• You’ll also need to consider issues such as data redundancy and security. Fortunately,
there are many different storage solutions available for cloud environments, so you
should be able to find one that meets your specific needs.
• Once you’ve selected a storage solution, you’ll need to configure it appropriately for
your cloud infrastructure. This process will vary depending on the solution you’ve
chosen, but in general, you’ll need to create storage accounts and set up replication
and security. By taking the time to properly configure your cloud-based storage
solution, you can help ensure that your applications and workloads have the
resources they need to run smoothly.

22. 6. Deploy your applications
• Businesses will also need to deploy their applications to the cloud infrastructure. This can be
done using a platform-as-a-service (PaaS) solution or by manually provisioning virtual machines
(VMs) and other resources.
• In the cloud, applications are hosted on a network of remote servers, which are accessed over
the internet. When deploying applications in a cloud computing infrastructure, it’s important to
consider the below factors which can help with successfully deploying applications in the cloud:
• First, make sure that your application is compatible with the cloud platform you’re using. Not
all applications are well suited for cloud deployment, so it’s important to do your research
upfront.
• Second, create a detailed plan for how you will deploy your application. This should include
both the technical aspects of the deployment as well as any business or organisational
considerations.
• Third, test your application thoroughly before deploying it to the cloud. This will help to ensure
that there are no unforeseen issues when you go live.
• Finally, be prepared to scale your application according to demand. Cloud deployments can
often experience spikes in traffic, so it’s important to have a plan in place for how you will
handle increased demand.