Etiquette makes you a cultured individual who leaves his mark wherever he goes. It teaches you the way to talk, walk and most importantly behave in the society. Etiquette is essential for an everlasting first impression. The way you interact with your superiors, parents, fellow workers, friends speak a lot about your personality and up- bringing. Etiquettes enables the individuals to earn respect and appreciation in the society. No one would feel like talking to a person who does not know how to speak or behave in the society. Etiquette inculcates a feeling of trust and loyalty in the individuals. One becomes more responsible and mature. Etiquette helps individuals to value relationships.

1. BUSINESS ETIQUETTES AND
CORPORATE CULTURE
UNIT - 1

2. BUSINESS ETIQUETTES AND CORPORATE CULTURE
It is essential for an individual to behave in a responsible manner acceptable to the
society. People around us must not feel embarrassed by our behaviour. One should not behave
irrationally or illogically in public.
What is Etiquette?
Etiquette in simpler words is defined as good behaviour which distinguishes human beings from
animals. Human Being is a social animal and it is really important for him to behave in an
appropriate way. Etiquette refers to behaving in a socially responsible way. Etiquette refers to
guidelines which control the way a responsible individual should behave in the society.

3. NEED FOR ETIQUETTE
Etiquette makes you a cultured individual who leaves his mark wherever he goes.
It teaches you the way to talk, walk and most importantly behave in the society.
Etiquette is essential for an everlasting first impression. The way you interact with your
superiors, parents, fellow workers, friends speak a lot about your personality and up-
bringing.
Etiquettes enables the individuals to earn respect and appreciation in the society. No one
would feel like talking to a person who does not know how to speak or behave in the
society. Etiquette inculcates a feeling of trust and loyalty in the individuals. One becomes
more responsible and mature. Etiquette helps individuals to value relationships.

4. CONCEPT OF BUSINESS ETIQUETTE
Business etiquette refers to accepted rules for behaviour and communication in a
professional environment. It affects relationships between coworkers, managers and clients,
which can impact the health of an organisation and its culture. Having clear expectations
of conduct can contribute to a professional, productive and respectful workplace for both
employees and management. While businesses typically have their own rules for etiquette,
some general professional rules persist in most work environments. Elements of business
etiquette often include:
 Polite speech and mannerisms
 Professional body language
 Consistent punctuality
 Adherence to dress codes
 Clean, well-groomed appearance
 Interpersonal communication

5. TYPES OF ETIQUETTE
Social Etiquette- Social etiquette is important for an individual as it teaches him how to behave in the society.
Bathroom Etiquette- It refers to the set of rules which an individual needs to follow while using public restrooms or office
toilets. Make sure you leave the restroom clean and tidy for the other person.
Corporate Etiquette- Corporate Etiquette refers to how an individual should behave while he is at work. Each one needs
to maintain the decorum of the organization. Don’t loiter around unnecessary or peep into other’s cubicles.
Wedding Etiquette- Wedding is a special event in every one’s life. Individuals should ensure they behave sensibly at
weddings. Never be late to weddings or drink uncontrollably.
Meeting Etiquette- It refers to styles one need to adopt when he is attending any meeting, seminar, presentation and so
on. Listen to what the other person has to say. Never enter meeting room without a notepad and pen. It is important to jot
down important points for future reference.
Telephone Etiquette- It is essential to learn how one should interact with the other person over the phone. Telephone
etiquette refers to the way an individual should speak on the phone. Never put the other person on long holds. Make sure
you greet the other person. Take care of your pitch and tone.
Eating Etiquette- Individuals must follow certain decorum while eating in public. Don’t make noise while eating. One
should not leave the table unless and until everyone has finished eating.
Business Etiquette- Business Etiquette includes ways to conduct a certain business. Don’t ever cheat customers. It is simply
unethical.

6. ABC’S OF ETIQUETTES:
(APPEARANCE, BEHAVIOUR, COMMUNICATION)
Based on the feedback analysis of most of the healthcare services, the major findings were that most complaints were regarding the attitudes and
behaviour of the staff. Career advancements depends upon professional etiquettes, but most of the times healthcare workers are ignorant about
it. One must understand that etiquettes are necessary to build confidence in the patients and nurture positive outlook in co-workers.
Dress code
As far as dress code, your clothing should be clean, ironed with good fit that radiates a sense of self-esteem to make lasting impressions and
draw positive attention. For a good personality, one must maintain good personal hygiene and use a mild deodorant with clean shoes. Also, wear
name badges at all times above the shirt pockets for easy visibility. Please avoid tight fitting clothes, capri, low cut blouses or dresses, T-shirts and
shirts with offensive or violent messages.
Besides these physical appearance aspects, the etiquettes of a good healthcare professional should follow some ethical principles such as:
Justice
Healthcare professionals must be fair when they distribute care. You must provide fair treatment and equal healthcare services to all individuals
irrespective of their sex, gender, color, caste, creed, religion.
Beneficence
It means kindness or generosity. Being a healthcare professional you must strive for doing good and the right thing for your patients.

7. Accountability
Accepting responsibility for one’s own actions. You must be responsible for all the professional and personal
consequences that can occur as the result of your actions.
Fidelity
It means being faithful and keeping one’s promises. The healthcare professional must be faithful and trustworthy to
their professional promises and responsibilities by providing high quality care safe in a competent manner.
Autonomy and patient self-determination
As a healthcare professional, you should accept the client as a unique person who has the innate right to have their own
opinions, perspectives, values and beliefs. The patient has the right to advice the healthcare provider regarding the
compliance with the prescribed treatment or any rehabilitation procedure. The patient has the right to accept or reject
any prescribed treatment.
Veracity
It means being completely truthful with patients. So, you must not withhold the whole truth from clients even when it may
lead to patient distress.
Along with these, the most common ethical issues and concerns in healthcare include the foregoing life sustaining
treatment, do not resuscitate orders by patient’s relatives, protecting patient’s privacy and inadequate resources and
staffing resources and end of life issues. In such situations healthcare providers can take professional help to resolve
such issues.

8. 7 GOLDEN RULES FOR MEETING AND GREETING
First impressions matter. They aren’t the only things that count towards a good reputation in the workplace, but they can have a
disproportionate impact. Get them right, and you’ll establish rapport much more easily with teammates, customers and
suppliers. Get them wrong, and you’ll find yourself playing catch-up.
Try these top tips for greeting someone new at work.
1. Stand Up
When you're greeting new people, do so face-to-face. It’s just polite, and shows respect. It means that you consider them
important enough to change your physical position for them. It also helps you to make eye contact.
2. Look ’Em in the Eye
Making eye contact indicates engagement and focus. It shows that you’re interested in the other person. Staring at your shoes,
your watch, or your phone shows the opposite, and suggests disengagement. Use positive body language.
3. Smile (and the World Smiles With You)
Even if you’re carrying the woes of the world on your shoulders, try to look happy to see your new acquaintance. A grimace
immediately puts the other person on the defensive, while a smile is welcoming and inclusive.
4. Take the Initiative With a Handshake
Approach the person you’re greeting and extend your hand. You’ll come across as confident and assertive, not aggressive.
Don’t wait for the other person to take a lead.
Keep it simple: shake firmly, but avoid the "death grip." A "limp fish" leaves an equally poor impression. And keep your spare
hand by your side: two-handed pumping and hands on shoulders are strictly for politicians.

9. 5. Say Who You Are
Even better, say why you’re there and what you do. “Hi, I’m Paula” is a start. “Hi, I’m Paula. I’m an
account manager with the Client Success team. How can I help?” is actually useful, and shows you’re
making the effort.
6. Observe the Hierarchy
If you’re making the introductions, remember business etiquette. Introduce less senior people to
more senior ones. Start with the name of the senior person, then introduce the junior person to them.
As you did when you introduced yourself, give some context. So, "Colette, may I introduce Phil? Phil
is our new lead developer. Phil, Colette is our chief financial officer."
7. Get the Name Game Right
Make sure that you remember the name of anyone you’ve been introduced to, and use the name
properly. It’s better to ask the person to repeat the name than to keep using an incorrect version.
Wait for permission before using someone’s first name. It’s respectful. Some people don’t like
informality from the get-go, and it may be seen as culturally insensitive.

10. BUILDING A CULTURE OF EXCELLENCE
Culture is an entity larger than a set of rules and procedures or simple ways of doing
things in a certain way versus another way! Culture, in general, is: “that complex whole
which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom and any other capabilities and
habits acquired by man as a member of society”
A culture of excellence is something much bigger and deeper at the same time, attempting
to provide a coherent and unified view of the world and of the business under the scope of
enabling people to better their life and maximize their potential!
It is something that differentiates a given framework of “thinking and doing” from
everything else and something that provides a deeper sense of value to the followers of
this culture as a widespread sense of its correctness against other similar propositions.

11. A CULTURE OF EXCELLENCE DISSEMINATED AT ALL LEVELS OF AN
ORGANIZATION AND CAN DEFINE THE RULES FOR THE FOLLOWING:
 Value-based leadership
 Rules of contact
 A sense of identity
 Results-oriented and flexible procedures
 A fair game within and outside the company
 Equal treatment of all employees
 Win-win strategies for all levels of operation
 Synergies at all levels

12. 1. Corporate and social responsibilities
2. Personal accountability
3. Ownership of your job
4. Smooth and based on rules succession at all levels
5. Systematic grooming of new talents to prepare them for their future
responsibilities
6. Personal and business growth
7. Empowerment of the personnel and training in every level of their work
8. Working in flexible and “open” teams, and
9. Innovative strategies and tactics
A culture of excellence also provides a generalized vision of the world, something
that generates customs and beliefs, which leads to specific procedures and operations
and prohibits other activities.

13. PRINCIPLES OF WORK BEHAVIOUR
How you behave at work can affect everything from your relationships with coworkers to finding new
opportunities for advancement. Your behavior can bolster your professional reputation and boost your
career almost as much as your skills and experience do.
In this article, we list 10 ways to maintain professional behavior in the workplace.
What is professional behavior in the workplace?
Professional behavior in the workplace is a combination of attitude, appearance and manners. It includes the
way you speak, look, act and make decisions. The main principles of professional work behavior include
1. Treating your managers, colleagues and clients with respect
2. Projecting a positive attitude
3. Being polite
4. Showing good judgment
5. Being ethical
6. Dressing appropriately

14. 10 ways to maintain professional behavior in the workplace
If you want to improve your performance at work and your chances of career success, consider
these professional behaviors that make good impressions on coworkers and employers:
1. Arrive on time
Punctuality shows your coworkers that you are reliable, care about your work and value their time.
Take steps to ensure you’re on time for work each day, such as setting alarms and using calendar
reminders for meetings and conferences. Aim to arrive a few minutes early so if you do encounter
traffic during your commute or need to answer an urgent email before a meeting, you can stay on
schedule.
Also, make sure you follow your company's break schedule. If employees receive an hour for lunch
and 15 minutes for breaks, return to work within those limits.
2. Follow your company’s dress code
Regardless of whether your company has a strict dress code, allows casual attire or you work from
home, maintain a clean and neat appearance that makes a positive impression on clients and
coworkers. Review company guidelines about attire, and avoid items such as wrinkled or poorly
fitting clothes, ripped jeans, tank tops and flip-flops. Choose something that looks professional
because you represent the company.

15. 3. Communicate respectfully
When you are at work, use clean language even during casual conversations and emails.
Avoid gossiping, talking about sensitive subjects and sharing overly personal information with
coworkers. If you do need to confide in a colleague, do it in a private space where customers
or managers cannot hear you.
During meetings and discussions, speak clearly and courteously so people can understand
you. Listen to your colleagues when they share ideas and acknowledge the things they say
even if you disagree. Your tone and language are equally important when communicating
through email. Keep emails professional because they become long-term records of
conversations.
4. Be honest
Integrity in the workplace can lead to positive relationships. Coworkers who trust each other
are often productive and work well as a team. Be honest if you need personal time off from
work or could use an extra few days to complete a project. Keep company and client
information confidential. If you see dishonest behavior in the workplace, report it to your
manager.

16. 5. Have a positive attitude
People enjoy working with colleagues who are upbeat and optimistic. If you show up to work
motivated and with a good attitude, your colleagues might be likely to display similar
behaviors, which can improve overall office morale.
If you encounter challenges at work, try to solve them rather than complain about them. Give
your colleagues positive feedback and encouragement on projects. Compliment the people
around you on their personal and professional achievements.
6. Take responsibility
Respected professionals set examples by taking responsibility for their actions. If you make a
mistake, always admit it and then take steps to correct it or prevent it from happening again.
Avoid blaming others, even if they contributed to an issue. Managers appreciate employees
who acknowledge failed ideas, missed deadlines or wrong decisions, apologize and try to
resolve them. If you realize you need help completing a project or making a big decision, ask
for it.

17. 7. Avoid social media
Even if your job involves posting on social media sites and monitoring company platforms,
avoid checking your personal accounts during working hours. If a colleague or manager
notices that you are on social media during the day, they might question your productivity.
Instead, wait until your lunch break to check social media updates and turn off social media
notifications so you won’t be distracted or distract others who work near you.
8. Help others
Offer to help your colleagues when they appear overwhelmed by tasks or are trying to
solve challenging issues. Ask if they want your opinion about an idea or your help completing
a project, and respect their response.
When you support your colleagues and work together as a team, you can elevate the entire
department. Managers also notice employees who are supportive team members and might
consider them for leadership roles.

18. 9. Act ethically
Workplace ethics involve choosing between right and wrong and maintaining strong morals. Act ethically
by:
Understanding and following company rules and policies
Reporting violations, questionable behavior, safety concerns or suspicious actions
Removing personal bias and judgment from your decisions and interactions
Being accountable and taking responsibility for your actions
Asking for help in difficult situations
When you act ethically, you are more likely to make good decisions that benefit your entire team.
10. Be reliable
Show your colleagues and manager that they can rely on you to meet deadlines, do quality work and show
up to meetings on time. When someone asks you to complete a task, commit to doing it well and finishing it
on time.
Prepare for meetings by reviewing agendas and bringing notes and discussion points. If your manager
knows they can depend on you to do high-quality, timely work, they might give you more responsibilities
and independence.

19. R O L E O F G O O D M A N N E R S I N B U S I N E S S
Good manners are important for considering the feelings of other people and being the kind of person that others will
like and respect. In the ‘olden days’ children were taught about the Golden Rule, “Always do to others as you would wish
them to do to you if you were in their place.” This is still a good way to behave nowadays. If you are respectful to others
then you are more likely to be treated with respect by them. If you show good manners everywhere you go, you are more
likely to encourage others to behave in the same way towards you. Jump to good manners chart.
Good manners show the best you have to offer and encourage others to be their best. Practicing these manners on a daily
basis makes for a more pleasant life.
 Be thoughtful
 Be cheerful
 Be generous
 Be co-operative
 Be helpful
 Don’t be bossy
 Don’t put people down or say rude things
 Respect other’s privacy
 Take care of personal property
Manners are important to make a good impression on others in everyday life. They also helps you to feel good
about yourself and your identity. No matter where you are, at home- with kids, at work- with colleagues, or with
friends, practicing good manners are important. If you practice good manners, you are showing those around you that
you are considerate to their feelings and also respect them. You are also setting standards for other’s behavior and
encouraging them to treat you with similar respect.

20. BASIC EXAMPLES OF GOOD MANNERS AND ETIQUETTES
Choose your words wisely and don’t rush to comment about things you don’t know much about.
Being a good listener is often better than speaking. You don’t need to have an opinion on
everything.
Think things out before you speak, especially if you are a person who may be poor at finding
the right words to say. Don’t start a sentence, with ‘ums’ and ‘ers’ in between, it seems awkward
and you should try speaking to yourself in front of a mirror, it works! It increases your confident in
speaking.
Don’t speak loudly. You will quickly lose respect if you do, as this can be seen as overbearing and
rude. It can also make other people angry and upset with you before you even establish some kind
of relationship with them. They will see you as a ‘big mouth’ who cannot be trusted with anything
confidential. So practice turning your volume down if you tend to have a loud voice.
Speak with respect to and of others. You can do this by avoiding negative remarks that may insult
someone else. The general rule is- if you don’t want someone to speak about you that way, you
don’t speak about them to others.
Do not ever speak of bodily functions even if it is a casual conversation, such as using the
bathroom or telling crude jokes, for this shows sign of immaturity and often creates a bad
impression of you with your friends, family, and co-workers.

21. Always respect older people and listen to them and learn. This applies to all elders and not
just parents and grandparents.
Using the terms ‘Thank You’, and ‘You are Welcome’ shows that you have good manners.
People who lack manners do not use these terms.
Hold open a door for anyone following you closely. This is a sign of a good manner and has
never changed. There are no strict gender rules in this day and age.
Speak highly of your parents respect them, even if there are things about them that you do
not like. If you cannot do that, stay away from speaking about them at all. It looks bad to
insult or speak badly of the people who brought you into this world or raised you. Don’t wash
dirty family laundry in public. It is negative and rude.
Good manners are simply respect and consideration for others or being aware of the needs
of others. They are the oil which lubricates the friction of interpersonal relations and creates
a happy and successful society. So, Give Respect and Take Respect!

22. ENDURING WORDS IN ETIQUETTES
Etiquette is the set of rules and norms that govern social behavior and interaction. Enduring words in etiquettes
often revolve around timeless principles that guide individuals in their conduct and interactions with others. Here
are some enduring words that encapsulate essential etiquette concepts:
Respect: Treat others with respect, regardless of their age, status, or background. Show consideration for their
feelings, opinions, and personal space.
Politeness: Use polite language and manners in all interactions. Say "please," "thank you," and "excuse me" when
appropriate.
Kindness: Be kind and compassionate towards others. Offer help and support when needed and refrain from
causing harm with words or actions.
Empathy: Try to understand and empathize with the feelings and perspectives of others. Put yourself in their
shoes to foster deeper connections.
Gratitude: Express gratitude and appreciation for the kindness and assistance you receive from others.
Listening: Practice active listening, giving your full attention to the person speaking without interrupting or pre-
judging.
Punctuality: Be on time for appointments, meetings, and social gatherings to demonstrate respect for others' time.

23. Courtesy: Display courteous behavior in all situations, such as holding doors for others,
yielding to those who need assistance, and refraining from offensive language.
Integrity: Act with honesty and integrity in all your dealings. Keep your promises and be
accountable for your actions.
Tact: Be mindful of what you say and how you say it. Use diplomacy and sensitivity to
avoid hurting others' feelings.
Generosity: Be generous with your time, attention, and resources. Share and contribute to
the well-being of others.
Etiquette in Technology: Practice digital etiquette by being respectful in online
communications, refraining from cyberbullying, and using social media responsibly.
Social Graces: Learn and practice appropriate social graces, such as offering a firm
handshake, making eye contact, and engaging in appropriate conversation.
Personal Hygiene: Maintain good personal hygiene and grooming to ensure you are
pleasant to be around.
These enduring words in etiquette reflect the importance of fostering positive and
respectful relationships with others, contributing to a harmonious and considerate society.

24. GREETING AND INTRODUCTION GUIDELINES IN ETIQUETTES
Greeting and introduction guidelines in etiquettes vary depending on cultural norms and settings, but there are some
general principles that can be followed in most situations. Here are some guidelines for greetings and introductions:
Smile and Eye Contact: When greeting someone, a warm smile and maintaining appropriate eye contact
demonstrate friendliness and respect.
Handshake: In many Western cultures, a firm handshake is a common way to greet someone. However, be mindful
that some cultures prefer different forms of greeting, such as bowing or a gentle handshake. If you're unsure,
observe the local customs or follow the other person's lead.
Addressing by Name: If you know the person's name, use it while greeting them. Addressing someone by their name
shows that you acknowledge and value them as an individual.
Titles and Formalities: In more formal settings or when addressing someone of higher authority or status, using
appropriate titles (e.g., Mr., Mrs., Dr., Professor) is a sign of respect.
Use Appropriate Greetings: Common greetings like "Hello," "Hi," "Good morning," or "Good afternoon" are
generally safe choices in most situations. "Good evening" is more appropriate for later in the day.
Pay Attention to Cultural Differences: Cultural norms play a significant role in greetings. Some cultures may prefer
a more reserved greeting, while others might embrace a warmer, more enthusiastic approach. Research or ask about
the customs of the culture you are in or interacting with to avoid unintentional offense.

25. Introducing Yourself: When introducing yourself, state your name clearly and, if applicable, your
affiliation or reason for the introduction. For example, "Hello, my name is [Your Name]. I'm a
colleague of [Mutual Friend's Name]."
Introducing Others: If you are introducing two people to each other, use the names of both
individuals and provide a bit of context if necessary. For example, "John, this is Sarah. She's a
friend from my art class."
Respect Personal Space: Be mindful of personal space when greeting or introducing yourself.
Give people enough room to feel comfortable and avoid invading their personal bubble.
Listen Actively: When being introduced or introducing others, listen attentively to the names and
details shared to remember them better in future interactions.
Offer a Polite Response: Respond to greetings with a reciprocating greeting, such as "Nice to
meet you too" or "Hello, it's a pleasure to be here."
Be Genuine: Regardless of the situation, be sincere and genuine in your greetings and
introductions. Authenticity is key to making a positive impression.
Remember, the most important aspect of greetings and introductions is showing respect and
making others feel welcome and comfortable. When in doubt, observe how others greet each
other in the setting and follow suit.

26. GREETING COMPONENTS IN ETIQUETTES
In etiquettes, greetings generally consist of several key components that help create a
positive and respectful interaction. Here are the essential components of a greeting:
Smile: A warm and genuine smile sets a friendly tone and immediately puts people at ease.
Eye Contact: Making appropriate eye contact shows attentiveness and respect. It conveys
sincerity and interest in the person you are greeting.
Verbal Greeting: Using a verbal expression is a fundamental part of greetings. Common
greetings include "Hello," "Hi," "Good morning," "Good afternoon," or "Good evening."
Use of Name: If you know the person's name, addressing them by it adds a personalized
touch and shows that you value them as an individual.
Handshake or Physical Gesture: In many cultures, a handshake is a standard physical
gesture during greetings, especially in more formal settings. However, consider cultural norms
and the appropriateness of physical contact, as some cultures prefer alternative gestures like
bowing or placing hands on the chest as a sign of respect.

27. Appropriate Titles and Formalities: Depending on the context and the person's status or authority, using
appropriate titles (e.g., Mr., Mrs., Dr., Professor) and formal language may be necessary.
Positive Tone: Speaking with a positive and friendly tone shows enthusiasm and genuine interest in the
interaction.
Respectful Body Language: Along with maintaining eye contact, having open and relaxed body
language signals your approachability and respect for the other person.
Acknowledgment of Presence: Recognizing the presence of the other person, whether through a verbal
greeting or a nod, indicates that you are aware of their presence and ready to engage.
Reciprocation: Responding to the other person's greeting in kind is considered polite and reinforces a
positive atmosphere in the interaction.
Personal Touch: If appropriate, adding a personal touch to the greeting, such as asking about the
person's well-being or showing genuine interest in their activities, helps foster a connection.
Appropriate Timing: Greetings are most effective when delivered promptly upon meeting someone or
upon entering a social or professional setting.
Remember that greetings should always be tailored to the specific situation and cultural context. Being
respectful and considerate of others' preferences and customs is essential to making a positive
impression during greetings.

28. PROTOCOLS OF SHAKING HANDS IN ETIQUETTES
Shaking hands is a common and widely accepted form of greeting in many cultures.
Following proper protocols during handshakes is essential to show respect and
professionalism. Here are some guidelines for shaking hands in etiquettes:
Initiate the Handshake: In most situations, the person of higher authority or age
initiates the handshake. However, in a business setting or when meeting someone for
the first time, it's acceptable for either party to initiate the handshake.
Use the Right Hand: Use your right hand for handshakes. In many cultures, the right
hand is considered the dominant and more respectful hand.
Stand Up: If you are seated and someone approaches you for a handshake, it is
polite to stand up before shaking hands. This shows respect and attentiveness.
Maintain Eye Contact: Make eye contact while shaking hands. It demonstrates
sincerity and confidence.

29. Grip Strength: Offer a firm handshake without being too forceful. A limp handshake can be perceived as
weak or disinterested, while an overly strong grip may come across as aggressive. Aim for a balanced
and confident grip.
Duration: A handshake should last for about 2-3 seconds. Avoid holding the other person's hand for too
long, as it can be uncomfortable.
Vertical Hand Position: When shaking hands, keep your hand in a vertical position, neither turning it palm
up nor palm down. This is a neutral and respectful hand orientation.
Pump the Hand Once or Twice: Gently move your hand up and down once or twice during the
handshake. Excessive pumping can be seen as overly enthusiastic or insincere.
Smile and Greet Verbally: Accompany the handshake with a warm smile and a verbal greeting, such as
"Hello," "Nice to meet you," or "Good morning."
Hand Sanitization: In situations where hygiene is a concern (e.g., during flu seasons or a pandemic), it's
considerate to use hand sanitizer before or after shaking hands.
Respect Personal Boundaries: If someone avoids shaking hands or extends another form of greeting, such
as a nod, bow, or verbal greeting, respect their preference and respond appropriately.
Remember that handshakes are a form of non-verbal communication, and the way you shake hands can
leave a lasting impression. A confident and respectful handshake can help establish a positive connection
with others in both social and professional settings.

30. INTRODUCTORY SCENARIO IN ETIQUETTES
Scenario: You are attending a networking event at a conference. As you enter the room, you notice
a small group of people engaged in conversation. You'd like to approach the group and introduce
yourself.
Step-by-step Introduction:
Approach with Confidence: Walk towards the group with a warm and approachable demeanor.
Maintain good posture and a friendly expression.
Respect Personal Space: As you approach the group, be mindful of their personal space. Stand at
a comfortable distance to avoid crowding or making anyone feel uncomfortable.
Observe the Conversation: Before joining the conversation, take a moment to observe the group's
dynamics and the topic they are discussing. This will help you ease into the conversation smoothly.
Wait for a Pause: If the group is deeply engaged in conversation, wait for a natural pause or lull in
the discussion before interjecting. Avoid interrupting or talking over others.
Make Eye Contact and Smile: As you wait for a moment to join in, make eye contact with the person
who is speaking and offer a warm smile to show that you are interested in joining the conversation.

31. Extend a Hand for Handshake: When there's an appropriate break in the conversation, extend your right
hand for a handshake while introducing yourself. For example, "Hello, I'm [Your Name]. Nice to meet you
all."
Listen Actively: After introducing yourself, take the time to listen actively to the ongoing conversation.
Engage with the group by nodding, using appropriate facial expressions, and making occasional comments
or contributions to the topic.
Use Names: If the group members introduce themselves, make an effort to remember their names and
address them by name during the conversation. For example, "That's a great point, Sarah."
Be Respectful and Inclusive: Ensure that you are respectful of others' opinions and contributions. Avoid
dominating the conversation and make an effort to include everyone in the group.
Exchange Contact Information: If the conversation goes well and you feel a connection with some
individuals in the group, consider exchanging contact information for future networking opportunities.
Thank the Group: When you're ready to move on to meet others at the event, thank the group for the
conversation and express that it was a pleasure meeting them. For example, "Thank you all for the
interesting conversation. It was great getting to know you."
Remember that a successful introduction is about being genuine, respectful, and showing interest in others.
By following these etiquettes, you can make a positive impression and build meaningful connections during
networking events.

32. ADDRESSING INDIVIDUAL IN ETIQUETTES
Addressing individuals with proper etiquette is crucial in demonstrating respect and courtesy. How
you address someone can vary based on factors such as the person's age, status, relationship, and
cultural norms. Here are some guidelines for addressing individuals in different contexts:
Using Formal Titles: In more formal settings or when addressing someone in a professional
context, use appropriate titles such as Mr., Mrs., Miss, Dr., or Professor, followed by their last name.
For example, "Mr. Smith" or "Dr. Johnson."
Using Informal Titles: In less formal settings or when the person is a close acquaintance, you can
use informal titles such as Ms. or Mr. followed by their first name. For example, "Ms. Lisa" or "Mr.
John."
Using Academic Titles: When addressing someone with an academic title, such as a professor or
doctor, it's appropriate to use their title followed by their last name. For example, "Professor
Adams" or "Doctor Brown."
Using Professional Titles: If the person holds a specific professional title, such as "Engineer" or
"Captain," use their title before their last name. For example, "Engineer Patel" or "Captain
Anderson."

33. Using Honorifics: In some cultures, honorifics like "Sir" or "Madam" are used to show respect when
addressing someone, especially in formal situations. For example, "Yes, Sir" or "No, Madam."
Using First Names: When the situation is casual or the relationship is close and familiar, it's acceptable to
use the person's first name alone. For example, "Hi, Sarah."
Using Last Names: In more formal or professional settings, using the person's last name alone can be
appropriate, especially when paired with a title. For example, "Smith" or "Dr. Johnson."
Avoiding Nicknames Unless Invited: Refrain from using nicknames unless you have been invited to do so.
Using someone's preferred name is a sign of respect.
Asking for Preferred Name: If you are unsure how to address someone, it's perfectly acceptable to politely
ask them how they prefer to be addressed. For example, "I'm sorry, what should I call you?"
Being Respectful of Cultural Norms: In multicultural settings, be mindful of cultural norms and preferences
when addressing individuals. Different cultures may have unique ways of addressing people based on age,
status, or relationship.
Using "Ma'am" and "Sir": In some cultures, using "Ma'am" and "Sir" as a polite form of address is common.
For example, "Excuse me, Sir, could you help me with this?"
Remember, the key to addressing individuals with proper etiquette is to be respectful, attentive, and
sensitive to the preferences and cultural norms of the person you are addressing. When in doubt, err on the
side of formality until you have a clearer understanding of the appropriate way to address someone in a
given context.