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Introduction to bridge.pptx
- 1. Bridge Prepared by:Eng. sediqakbar (Reshteen) 9/12/2022 Eng.Sediqakbar(Reshteen) 1
- 2. Introduction Bridge is a structure having an opening not less than 6000 mm that forms part of a highway or over, or under which the highway passes. 9/12/2022 Eng.Sediqakbar(Reshteen) 2
- 3. What is a BRIDGE? •Bridge is a structure which covers a gap •Generally bridges carry a road or railway across a natural or artificial obstacle such as, a river, canal or another railway or another road •Bridge is a structure corresponding to the heaviest responsibility in carrying a free flow of transport and is the most significant component of a transportation system in case of communication over spacing's/gaps for whatever reason such as aquatic obstacles, valleys and gorges etc. 9/12/2022 Eng.Sediqakbar(Reshteen) 3
- 5. Culverts Structures < 6000 mm generally called culverts. 9/12/2022 Eng.Sediqakbar(Reshteen) 5
- 8. Bridge is the KEY ELEMENT in a Transportation System 9/12/2022 Eng.Sediqakbar(Reshteen) 8
- 9. It Controls the Capacity of the System If the width of a bridge is insufficient to carry the number of lanes required to handle the traffic volume, the bridge will be a constriction to the flow of traffic. If the strength of a bridge is deficient and unable to carry heavy trucks, load limits will be posted and truck traffic will be rerouted. The bridge controls both the volume and weight of the traffic carried by the transportation system. 9/12/2022 Eng.Sediqakbar(Reshteen) 9
- 10. Highest Cost per Mile of the System Bridges are expensive. The typical cost per mile of a bridge is many times that of the approach roads to the bridge.` Since, bridge is the key element in a transportation system, balance must be achieved between handling future traffic volume and loads and the cost of heavier and wider bridge structure. 9/12/2022 Eng.Sediqakbar(Reshteen) 10
- 11. If the Bridge Fails, the System Fails The importance of a Bridge can be visualized by considering the comparison between the two main components of a highway system i.e. a road and bridge itself. 9/12/2022 Eng.Sediqakbar(Reshteen) 11
- 12. Cont… EXAMPLE: Suppose in a road there occurs deterioration and ultimately a crack, thus making a sort of inconvenience but it wont result in stopping of the flow of traffic as traffic can pass or otherwise a bypass can be provided. The traffic no doubt will pass with a slower speed but in case of a bridge its flow is completely stopped incase of the failure of the bridge, that is the reason its often called “If the bridge fails the structure fails” as the function of the structure could no longer be served at all. 9/12/2022 Eng.Sediqakbar(Reshteen) 12
- 13. Bridge components A bridge consists of super structure and sub structure. Super structure: Structural parts of the bridge which provides the horizontal span. Sub structure: Structural parts of the bridge which supports the horizontal span. 9/12/2022 Eng.Sediqakbar(Reshteen) 13
- 16. Types of bridges Bridges can be classified according to: Materials (concrete, steel or wood etc.), Usage (pedestrian, highway, or railroad), Span (short, medium, or long), Structural form (slabs, girder, truss, arch, suspension, or cable-stayed). 9/12/2022 Eng.Sediqakbar(Reshteen) 16
- 23. Cont…. It is however suitable to classify bridges according to the location of the main structural elements relative to the surface on which the user travels: Main structure Below the deck line, Main structure Above the deck line, or Main structure Coinciding with the deck line. 9/12/2022 Eng.Sediqakbar(Reshteen) 23
- 24. Cont… Main Structure Below Deck line Arched, Truss-Arched Bridges, Masonry Arch, Concrete Arch, the Steel-Truss Arch, and the Steel Deck Truss. 9/12/2022 Eng.Sediqakbar(Reshteen) 24
- 29. Main structure above deck line 9/12/2022 Eng.Sediqakbar(Reshteen) 29
- 32. Main Structure Coinciding with Deck line Girder bridges of all types are included in this category. Examples are: Slab (solid and voided), T-beam, I-beam, Wide-flange beam, Concrete box girder, Steel box, Steel plate girder. 9/12/2022 Eng.Sediqakbar(Reshteen) 32
- 39. Steel box girder bridge 9/12/2022 Eng.Sediqakbar(Reshteen) 39