Introduction To ARDUINO Microcontrollers
Arduino Products, <http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products>
What is a Microcontroller?
A small, low cost computer that exists on a single integrated circuit
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Data/program storage capacity
RAM and/or ROM
Programmable Inputs & Outputs (I/O)
Designed to perform one dedicated function/program
Usually embedded into the desired system
Arduino UNO Rev.3
I/O pins
14 digital input/output pins (6 PWM pins)
6 analog inputs
USB connection
Programming and powering the board (during programming and testing)
External power jack
AC-to-DC adapter or battery operation
O.D. 5.5 mm and Center Positive 2.1 mm
Supported Arduino documents on their website
http://www.arduino.cc/
Arduino Software (or Arduino IDE)
Arduino Integrated Development Environment
Can be downloaded from their site (https://www.arduino.cc/) for FREE!!!
Open-source software
Availability of resources!
Compatible with Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux
Arduino Playground (wiki contribution from Arduino users)
Arduino programming = C language
Opening & Setting up an Arduino IDE
Double click on the “Arduino” icon to open the program
The first thing to check is under “Tools” (from the top menu)
Under the “Tools” Tab check to see that “Board:” is set to “Arduino/Genuino Uno”
Setting up an Arduino IDE
Under the “Tools” Tab check that “Port”
Set to “COM## (Arduino/Genuino Uno)”
Note: COM number may change depending on the computer
Part 1 – Definitions and Declarations
Part 2 – Setup Function
Part 3 – Loop Function
Serial Monitor:
Opens Serial Monitor Window
Review: Breadboard Layout
Images provided by:
http://computers.tutsplus.com/tutorials/how-to-use-a-breadboard-and-build-a-led-circuit--mac-54746
Other “Arduino” family members
SainSmart UNO R3
OLIMEXINO-328
Freeduino
The Ruggeduino
Control Structure
Conditional “if” Statement
Description – if…else…
The if statement checks for a condition and executes the proceeding statement or set of statements if the condition is ‘true’.
https://www.arduino.cc/reference/en/language/structure/control-structure/if/
Bill Gates explains if & if/else statements
https://youtu.be/m2Ux2PnJe6E
if (someCondition) {
// do stuff if the condition is true
}
Condition
#1 Simplest “if” statement
Statement(s)
End if
True
FalseComparison OperatorsMeaningx == yx is equal to yx != yx is not equal to yx < yx is less than yx > yx is greater than yx <= yx is less than or equal to yx >= yx is greater than or equal to y
Note: Single (=) and double (==) are different.
Single equal sign is the assignment operator.
Double equal sign is the comparison operator.
Example
if (x > 120) digitalWrite(LEDpin, HIGH);
Note: The brackets ( {} ) may be omitted after an if statement. If this is done, the next line (defined by the semicolon) becomes the ONLY conditional statement.
if (x > 120){
digitalWrite(LEDpin1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(LEDpin2, ...
SIMD machines — machines capable of evaluating the same instruction on several elements of data in parallel — are nowadays commonplace and diverse, be it in supercomputers, desktop computers or even mobile ones. Numerous tools and libraries can make use of that technology to speed up their computations, yet it could be argued that there is no library that provides a satisfying minimalistic, high-level and platform-agnostic interface for the C++ developer.
SIMD machines — machines capable of evaluating the same instruction on several elements of data in parallel — are nowadays commonplace and diverse, be it in supercomputers, desktop computers or even mobile ones. Numerous tools and libraries can make use of that technology to speed up their computations, yet it could be argued that there is no library that provides a satisfying minimalistic, high-level and platform-agnostic interface for the C++ developer.
EELE 5331 Digital ASIC DesignLab ManualDr. Yushi Zhou.docxtoltonkendal
EELE 5331: Digital ASIC Design
Lab Manual
Dr. Yushi Zhou
Department of Electrical Engineering
Lakehead University
Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2 MOSFET Devices and Layout Tutorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1 Prepare For Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2 Perform Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.3 Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.4 Layout Veri�cation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.5 Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.6 How to understand DRC error report . . . . . . . . . . 26
3 CMOS Inverter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.1 Design speci�cations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.2 Lab Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.3 Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
1
EELE5331:Digital ASIC Design [email protected]
1 Introduction
This lab manual is an essential components of EELE5331: Digital ASIC
Design, o�ered by Dr. Yushi Zhou. The lab works consists of schematic
entry, symbol generation, pre-layout simulation, layout, physical and logic
veri�cation, extraction and post-layout simulation for the design. All the
students are required to submit individual lab report before the deadline.
All reports must be typed and professionally prepared. The content that
needs to be included in the report are given at the end of each lab. There
are total three labs, and each part will be released before the lab starts.
• Lab 1: MOSFET devices and layout tutorial
• Lab 2: CMOS Inverter
• Lab 3: CMOS Digital Logic Circuits
It should be noted that the students are not limited to the assigned lab
time, which may not be enough to complete the lab. Students are expected
to work on the lab during their free time if that case is required. You may
use remote log-in to complete the labs.
TSMC CMOS 180 nm technology process design kit (PDK) is a 1-Poly,
6-Metal technology, with a maximum supply voltage of 1.8 V for thin oxide
devices and 3.3 V for thick oxide devices. This process is suitable for design-
ing analog, digital, RF and mixed-signal circuits and systems. In this course,
all the labs are designed based upon CMOS 180 nm process. The computer-
aided design (CAD) tools that are adopted in this course are from Cadence
Design Systems for the purpose of schematic entry, simulation, implemen-
tation and veri�cation. The Cadence custom IC design platform provides
a graphical interface for various stages in the design �ow. An overview of
the design �ow and which tools are involved in each stage is shown in Fig.1.
As you may notice that there are loops, indicating iterative procedures. For
instance, if the physical layout does not pass design rules check or LVS check,
Page 2
EELE5331:Digital ASIC Design [email protected]
the modi�cation of.
Embedded Application : An Autonomous Robot or Line Follower BotEr. Raju Bhardwaj
This ppt describe the how to make a "Autonomous Robot" based on "Embedded Application". its also describe how to work on AVR Micro controller and software uses for it in sample and effective way.
we can make at home an autonomous robot or line following robot with the help of this ppt.
Highlighted key points on the following concepts of C Language,I/O Functions,Bitwise operators, preincrement operator,post increment operator ,storage class,functions,Sample Code Snippets
SIMD extensions have been a feature of choice for processor manufacturers for a couple of decades. Designed to exploit data parallelism in applications at the instruction level, these extensions still require a high level of expertise or the use of potentially fragile compiler support or vendor-specific libraries. While a large fraction of their theoretical accelerations can be obtained using such tools, exploiting such hardware becomes tedious as soon as application portability across hardware is required.
Accessing such capabilities directly from C++ code could be a major improvements in a lot of use cases. Different take on this has been proposed either by the community or as an actual standard proposal. Solutions include pragma based annotations, standard algorithms policies, full blown compiler support and libraries.
In this talk we will present one such solution - the Boost.SIMD library (currently being proposed as such) which takes a library approach to this issues.
We will go over the basic notion required to grasp SIMD programming in general. Then, we'll discuss the different existing approaches. We will describe Boost.SIMD API and API design to demonstrate how it solves issues raised by the actual idiomatic way of writting SIMD enabled code. Design issues like standard algorithm integration, memory handling and how to fill the gaps in SIMD instructions sets will be discussed. Finally, we show its performances with respect to a subset of well known benchmarks.
For more course tutorials visit
www.newtonhelp.com
Week 1 HomeworkCommand Line in Windows and Linux
Using Google, research what kernel operating systems have been used in the video gaming industry. Describe the architecture and details regarding its advantages or disadvantages (i.e, consider Windows, Linux, based, etc.). A minimum of two paragraphs of research information is required, along with your own interpretation of the content.
For more course tutorials visit
www.newtonhelp.com
Week 1 HomeworkCommand Line in Windows and Linux
Using Google, research what kernel operating systems have been used in the video gaming industry. Describe the architecture and details regarding its advantages or disadvantages (i.e, consider Windows, Linux, based,
GSP 215 Become Exceptional/newtonhelp.combellflower148
For more course tutorials visit
www.newtonhelp.com
Week 1 HomeworkCommand Line in Windows and Linux
Using Google, research what kernel operating systems have been used in the video gaming industry. Describe the architecture and details regarding its advantages or disadvantages (i.e, consider Windows, Linux, based, etc.). A minimum of two paragraphs of research information is required, along with your own interpretation of the content.
For more course tutorials visit
www.newtonhelp.com
Week 1 HomeworkCommand Line in Windows and Linux
Using Google, research what kernel operating systems have been used in the video gaming industry. Describe the architecture and details regarding its advantages or disadvantages (i.e, consider Windows, Linux, based, etc.). A minimum of two paragraphs of research information is required, along with your own interpretation of the content.
1000 words, 2 referencesBegin conducting research now on your .docxvrickens
1000 words, 2 references
Begin conducting research now on your company/client. After brainstorming on your company’s industry and after your preliminary research information-gathering techniques, create a research profile proposal to deliver to your company’s management that includes the following:
State the specific research goal for the proposal.
What is the company’s current business problem?
Who is the company’s competition?
Establish your population sample for researching customer attitudes and behaviors about the company and product.
Identify the steps in the research process.
.
1000 words only due by 5314 at 1200 estthis is a second part to.docxvrickens
1000 words only due by 5/3/14 at 12:00 est
this is a second part to this assignment due at a different time
Part 1
Your fast-food franchise has been cleared for business in all 4 countries (United Arab Emirates, Israel, Mexico, and China). You now have to start construction on your restaurants. The financing is coming from the United Arab Emirates, the materials are coming from Mexico and China, the engineering and technology are coming from Israel , and the labor will be hired locally within these countries by your management team from the United States. You invite all of the players to the headquarters in the United States for a big meeting to explain the project and get to know one another. The people seem to be staying with their own groups and not mingling.
What is the cultural phenomenon at play here (what is it called/ term)?
How do you explain the lack of intercultural communication and interaction?
What do you know about these cultures—specifically their economic, political, educational, and social systems—that could help you in getting them together?
What are some of the contrasting cultural values of these countries?
You are concerned about some of the language barriers as you start the meeting, particularly the fact that the United States is a low-context country, and some of the countries present are high-context countries. Furthermore, you only speak English, and you do not have an interpreter present.
How will this affect the presentation?
What are some of the issues you should be concerned about regarding verbal and nonverbal language for this group?
What strategy would you use to begin to have everyone develop a relationship with each other that will help ease future negotiations, development, and implementation?
.
More Related Content
Similar to Introduction To ARDUINO MicrocontrollersArduino Produc.docx
EELE 5331 Digital ASIC DesignLab ManualDr. Yushi Zhou.docxtoltonkendal
EELE 5331: Digital ASIC Design
Lab Manual
Dr. Yushi Zhou
Department of Electrical Engineering
Lakehead University
Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2 MOSFET Devices and Layout Tutorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1 Prepare For Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2 Perform Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.3 Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.4 Layout Veri�cation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.5 Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.6 How to understand DRC error report . . . . . . . . . . 26
3 CMOS Inverter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.1 Design speci�cations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.2 Lab Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.3 Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
1
EELE5331:Digital ASIC Design [email protected]
1 Introduction
This lab manual is an essential components of EELE5331: Digital ASIC
Design, o�ered by Dr. Yushi Zhou. The lab works consists of schematic
entry, symbol generation, pre-layout simulation, layout, physical and logic
veri�cation, extraction and post-layout simulation for the design. All the
students are required to submit individual lab report before the deadline.
All reports must be typed and professionally prepared. The content that
needs to be included in the report are given at the end of each lab. There
are total three labs, and each part will be released before the lab starts.
• Lab 1: MOSFET devices and layout tutorial
• Lab 2: CMOS Inverter
• Lab 3: CMOS Digital Logic Circuits
It should be noted that the students are not limited to the assigned lab
time, which may not be enough to complete the lab. Students are expected
to work on the lab during their free time if that case is required. You may
use remote log-in to complete the labs.
TSMC CMOS 180 nm technology process design kit (PDK) is a 1-Poly,
6-Metal technology, with a maximum supply voltage of 1.8 V for thin oxide
devices and 3.3 V for thick oxide devices. This process is suitable for design-
ing analog, digital, RF and mixed-signal circuits and systems. In this course,
all the labs are designed based upon CMOS 180 nm process. The computer-
aided design (CAD) tools that are adopted in this course are from Cadence
Design Systems for the purpose of schematic entry, simulation, implemen-
tation and veri�cation. The Cadence custom IC design platform provides
a graphical interface for various stages in the design �ow. An overview of
the design �ow and which tools are involved in each stage is shown in Fig.1.
As you may notice that there are loops, indicating iterative procedures. For
instance, if the physical layout does not pass design rules check or LVS check,
Page 2
EELE5331:Digital ASIC Design [email protected]
the modi�cation of.
Embedded Application : An Autonomous Robot or Line Follower BotEr. Raju Bhardwaj
This ppt describe the how to make a "Autonomous Robot" based on "Embedded Application". its also describe how to work on AVR Micro controller and software uses for it in sample and effective way.
we can make at home an autonomous robot or line following robot with the help of this ppt.
Highlighted key points on the following concepts of C Language,I/O Functions,Bitwise operators, preincrement operator,post increment operator ,storage class,functions,Sample Code Snippets
SIMD extensions have been a feature of choice for processor manufacturers for a couple of decades. Designed to exploit data parallelism in applications at the instruction level, these extensions still require a high level of expertise or the use of potentially fragile compiler support or vendor-specific libraries. While a large fraction of their theoretical accelerations can be obtained using such tools, exploiting such hardware becomes tedious as soon as application portability across hardware is required.
Accessing such capabilities directly from C++ code could be a major improvements in a lot of use cases. Different take on this has been proposed either by the community or as an actual standard proposal. Solutions include pragma based annotations, standard algorithms policies, full blown compiler support and libraries.
In this talk we will present one such solution - the Boost.SIMD library (currently being proposed as such) which takes a library approach to this issues.
We will go over the basic notion required to grasp SIMD programming in general. Then, we'll discuss the different existing approaches. We will describe Boost.SIMD API and API design to demonstrate how it solves issues raised by the actual idiomatic way of writting SIMD enabled code. Design issues like standard algorithm integration, memory handling and how to fill the gaps in SIMD instructions sets will be discussed. Finally, we show its performances with respect to a subset of well known benchmarks.
For more course tutorials visit
www.newtonhelp.com
Week 1 HomeworkCommand Line in Windows and Linux
Using Google, research what kernel operating systems have been used in the video gaming industry. Describe the architecture and details regarding its advantages or disadvantages (i.e, consider Windows, Linux, based, etc.). A minimum of two paragraphs of research information is required, along with your own interpretation of the content.
For more course tutorials visit
www.newtonhelp.com
Week 1 HomeworkCommand Line in Windows and Linux
Using Google, research what kernel operating systems have been used in the video gaming industry. Describe the architecture and details regarding its advantages or disadvantages (i.e, consider Windows, Linux, based,
GSP 215 Become Exceptional/newtonhelp.combellflower148
For more course tutorials visit
www.newtonhelp.com
Week 1 HomeworkCommand Line in Windows and Linux
Using Google, research what kernel operating systems have been used in the video gaming industry. Describe the architecture and details regarding its advantages or disadvantages (i.e, consider Windows, Linux, based, etc.). A minimum of two paragraphs of research information is required, along with your own interpretation of the content.
For more course tutorials visit
www.newtonhelp.com
Week 1 HomeworkCommand Line in Windows and Linux
Using Google, research what kernel operating systems have been used in the video gaming industry. Describe the architecture and details regarding its advantages or disadvantages (i.e, consider Windows, Linux, based, etc.). A minimum of two paragraphs of research information is required, along with your own interpretation of the content.
1000 words, 2 referencesBegin conducting research now on your .docxvrickens
1000 words, 2 references
Begin conducting research now on your company/client. After brainstorming on your company’s industry and after your preliminary research information-gathering techniques, create a research profile proposal to deliver to your company’s management that includes the following:
State the specific research goal for the proposal.
What is the company’s current business problem?
Who is the company’s competition?
Establish your population sample for researching customer attitudes and behaviors about the company and product.
Identify the steps in the research process.
.
1000 words only due by 5314 at 1200 estthis is a second part to.docxvrickens
1000 words only due by 5/3/14 at 12:00 est
this is a second part to this assignment due at a different time
Part 1
Your fast-food franchise has been cleared for business in all 4 countries (United Arab Emirates, Israel, Mexico, and China). You now have to start construction on your restaurants. The financing is coming from the United Arab Emirates, the materials are coming from Mexico and China, the engineering and technology are coming from Israel , and the labor will be hired locally within these countries by your management team from the United States. You invite all of the players to the headquarters in the United States for a big meeting to explain the project and get to know one another. The people seem to be staying with their own groups and not mingling.
What is the cultural phenomenon at play here (what is it called/ term)?
How do you explain the lack of intercultural communication and interaction?
What do you know about these cultures—specifically their economic, political, educational, and social systems—that could help you in getting them together?
What are some of the contrasting cultural values of these countries?
You are concerned about some of the language barriers as you start the meeting, particularly the fact that the United States is a low-context country, and some of the countries present are high-context countries. Furthermore, you only speak English, and you do not have an interpreter present.
How will this affect the presentation?
What are some of the issues you should be concerned about regarding verbal and nonverbal language for this group?
What strategy would you use to begin to have everyone develop a relationship with each other that will help ease future negotiations, development, and implementation?
.
1000 words with refernceBased on the American constitution,” wh.docxvrickens
1000 words with refernce
Based on the American “constitution,” which internal and external stakeholders, in the policy making process, possess “constitutional legitimacy” for their role in making public policy? Do entities with explicit power have more influence than those entities with implied powers in making public policy? Should they? Why or why not?
1000 words with reference
Accountability and ethical conduct are important concepts in public administration. In Tennessee, recent political stakeholders and some bureaucratic stakeholders have been caught up in various scandals (Operation Tennessee Waltz, Operation Rocky Top etc.). Based on the readings, what could Tennessee do to make political and bureaucratic functionaries more accountable?
.
10.1. In a t test for a single sample, the samples mean.docxvrickens
10.1. In a
t
test for a single sample
,
the sample
'
s mean is
c
o
m
par
ed to the
population
.
10.2. When we use a paired-samples
t
test to compare the pret
es
t and
p
ostt
est
scores for a group of 45 people, the degrees of freedom
(
df
)
ar
e _____.
10.3. If we conduct a
t
test for independent samples
,
and
n1
=
32 and
n2
=
35,
the degrees of freedom
(df)
are
_____.
10.4
.
A researcher wants to study the effect of college education on p
eo
p
le's
earning by comparing the annual salaries of a randomly
-
selecte
d g
ro
up
of 100 college graduates to the annual salaries of 100 randoml
y-selected
group of people whose highest level of education is high
schoo
l.
To
compare the mean annual salaries of the two groups
,
th
e resea
r
cher
should use a
t
test for
______.
10.5. A training coordinator wants to determine the effectiveness
of a program
that makes extensive use of educational technology when t
raining new
employees. She compares the scores of her new emplo
yees who
completed the training on a nationally-normed test to th
e
me
a
n
s
c
ore of
all
those in the country who took the same test.
The a
p
pro
p
riate
statistical test the training coordinator should use for h
er analysis
i
s the
t
test for ______.
10
.
6. As part of the process to develop two parallel forms o
f a q
u
es
t
io
nn
aire
,
the persons creating the questionnaire may admin
i
st
e
r b
o
th
f
or
ms to a
group of students, and then use a
t
test for ______ s
a
mpl
es
t
o com
p
are
the mean scores on the two forms
.
Circle the
correct
answer:
10.7. A difference
o
f 4 points between two
homogeneous group
s
is lik
e
ly to
be
more/less
statistically significant than the
s
ame
d
i
ffe
r
e
n
ce (of 4
points) between two
heterogeneous
groups
,
when all fou
r g
r
o
up
s are
taking completing the same survey and have appro
x
im
a
tel
y t
h
e same
number of subjects.
10.8. A difference of 3 points on a 100-item test taken b
y t
w
o g
rou
ps is likely to be
more/less
statistically significant than a difference of 3 po
i
nt
s on a 30-item test taken by the sa
m
e
t
w
o g
r
oups.
10.9 When
a
t
test for paired samples is u
s
ed to
c
ompare th
e
p
re
t
est an
d
the posttest
means
,
the number of pretest scores i
s
the
same as/different than
the number of
po
s
t-t
e
st scor
e
s.
10.10. W
hen
w
e
w
ant to compar
e w
h
e
th
e
r female
s
' scor
es
on th
e
G
MAT are
di
fferent f
rom males' scores
,
we should use a
t
test for
paired samples/independen
t
samples
.
10
.11 In studi
e
s
w
h
e
re the alte
r
nati
ve (
r
es
ear
c
h
)
h
y
poth
es
i
s
i
s
directiona
l
,
t
h
e critical va
lu
es
for
a
one tailed test/two-tailed test
should b
e us
ed t
o
d
e
t
erm
i
ne the
l
e
vel o
f
signi
fi
cance (i
.
e.
,
the
p
va
lue).
10.12 W
h
e
n
t
h
e
alt
e
rnati
ve
h
y
poth
e
si
s
is: H
A
: u1=u2
,
the c
ri
ti
ca
l
v
alu
es for
one
tailed test/
two-tailed
test
should b
e
u
se.
100 WORDS OR MOREConsider your past experiences either as a studen.docxvrickens
100 WORDS OR MORE
Consider your past experiences either as a student, early child care professional, or teacher. Describe a creative episode similar to the two boys who found a frog in the text (Creativity and the Arts with Young Children, p.309), when the teacher (maybe you) seized the opportunity (the teachable moment) to inspire the children to branch out using their imagination, creativity, and interests. Why do you think this was such a memorable moment?
WHAT WAS OBSERVED?
Two boys were exploring the outdoors and found a small frog. The teacher recognized their high interest and determined that this was an appropriate topic for a study. Their experience in nature provided the interest and stimulus for a long-term project on frogs. The teacher demonstrated her belief that this study could not only include informational learning but also be enriched by the use of the arts. She didn't know a lot about frogs, so she joined the children in looking for information about them. Stories provided the content for the drama about frogs, and the music selection encouraged listening and moving to the “frog music.” A group mural was created through the collaboration of several children, who created visual representations of the frog's environment. Another group of children investigated building a habitat for the frog in their classroom aquarium. All of the children were involved in active learning and used methods that matched their interests. At the conclusion of the study, the children shared their learning by making a giant book about frogs, creating a song about frogs, and demonstrating the development of the frog aquarium that emulated its outdoor environment. Finally, they returned the frog to its home, which led to their understanding that it needed to live in its natural habitat.
.
1000 to 2000 words Research Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of.docxvrickens
1000 to 2000 words
Research Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and discuss why it is so significant.
Your paper should discuss the state of race relations in the United States prior to the Civil Rights Act of 1964. It should also discuss the political environment that led to the passing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Additionally, please include a response to the following in your analysis:
What is the purpose of this law?
What groups does it protect? What groups does it not protect?
How were the Jim Crow laws tested during this time period?
What is the U.S. Supreme Court case
Plessy v. Ferguson
about? Is the rule established in the Plessy case still the rule today?
.
1000 word essay MlA Format.. What is our personal responsibility tow.docxvrickens
1000 word essay MlA Format.. What is our personal responsibility toward the natural world, toward what we term our natural resources? Use one of these readings and interpet it to the question reflecting your answer. Add perentheses when using quotes.
“May’s Lion” (Le Guin)
“Deer Among Cattle” (Dickey)
“Meditation at Oyster River” (Roethke)
“The Call of the Wild” (Snyder)
“Eco-Defense” (Abbey)
“The Present” (Dillard)
“Time and the Machine” (Huxley)
Mending wall(Frost)
.
100 wordsGoods and services that are not sold in markets.docxvrickens
100 words
Goods and services that are not sold in markets, such as food produced and consumed at home and some household articles, are generally not included in GDP.
How might the absence of these values mislead one when comparing the economic well-being of the United States and India?
What other items are not included in GDP and how might their exclusion impact policy?
.
100 word responseChicago style citingLink to textbook httpbo.docxvrickens
100 word response
Chicago style citing
Link to textbook: http://books.google.com/books?id=zutRiJJMBQYC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
Article is attached
The overwhelming similarities between the articles are perception of identity through self-focus or self-identity through culture. Mulvaney tells us “truth is socially constructed through language and other symbol systems” (Mulvaney, 222). And as an example, it was just such self-focus that landed Galileo in jail by asserting that the universe was sun-centered as opposed to earth centered. The people of that time had socially constructed their own truths based on their perceptions of that time, although we now know that both were incorrect. It was from this perception of correctness that power was assumed and asserted by the majority, which in this case led to Galileo’s arrest (Mulvaney 2004).
Jandt touches on an interesting fact regarding existentialism, the idea of the “other” and the idea that both the observer and the observed are changed in the process. He states, “that the observer is not independent of the observed; the observed is in some sense “created” or changed or both by the act of observation” (Jandt, 212). It is from this dynamic that Jandt speaks of that we can see the formation of societal roles, i.e. the roles of those in positions of power and those in a subservient roles.
The interesting culmination of the information from all three articles is that the process is not a stagnant one, but rather one that can, and often times does change. Through introspective analysis, asking ourselves the question “Who am I?” we can embrace our cultural differences and through the acceptance of our individual qualities can take back some of the power that was perhaps lost (Jandt, 210). For example, take the labels “Feminist” and “Gay” along with “queer” and “Chicano,” which were certainly negative when created, have been transformed into positive labels embraced by those within each perspective community (Jandt 2004).
Works Cited
Jandt, Fred E., Dolores V. Tanno. "Decoding Domination, Encoding Self-Determination - Intercultural Comminication Research Process." In Intercultural Communication: A Global Reader, by Fred E. Jandt, 205 - 221. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc., 2004.
Mulvaney, Becky Michelle. "Gender Differences in Communication - An Intercultural Experience." In Intercultural Communication - A Global Reader, by Fred E. Jandt, 221 - 229. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc., 2004.
.
100 word response to the followingBoth perspectives that we rea.docxvrickens
100 word response to the following:
Both perspectives that we read referenced Hofstede’s work. Merrit and Helmreich focused closely on Hofstede’s principles of individualism and power distance. They studied how American flight crews differed in these areas from Asian flight crews. The American flight crews proved to have much more individualism than the Asian, although power distance perceptions were mixed between pilots and flight attendants, with the flight attendants perceiving more power distance than the pilots (in Jandt, 2004). Aldridge also focused on individualism and power distance, with regards to the American culture. It is Aldridge’s thesis that it is the idea of the “natural rights of man” that underpins American culture (in Jandt, 2004, p.94). The natural rights of man are a value that is espoused by a culture with high individuality and low power distance. If man has natural rights, then he is an independent being, and in order to value all men, we must have a lower perception of the distance between those of high status and those with lower status.
I enjoyed both perspectives. I felt that the aviation study was very strong, as they were careful to make sure that they accounted for cultural differences in their measurements. I agree with the authors that although they confirmed some sociological theories and demonstrated that flight crews tend to follow their cultural norms, the study is likely skewed. In order to understand how different flight crews behave from standard Asian social norms, the surveys would have to be done from an Asian perspective and even then, there is not just one Asian culture, so that should be taken into account. We likely miss many of the subtle differences between Asian flight crews and their home culture, by not having a sensitive test to that culture.
My main complaint about Aldridge’s perspective is a lack of strong comparison to other cultures. I felt that the argument that American culture is strong based on our belief in natural human rights would have been better served by showing more comparison to other cultures that also espouse this value and/or to cultures that clearly do not. The comparison to Nazi culture was a start, but one that gets kind of old after a while, and is not a culture that is as current as I would prefer in a comparison.
Readings:
Texbook: Jandt, Fred E. (editor) Intercultural Communication: A Global Reader. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 2004
“Human Factors on the Flight Deck: The Influence of National Culture,” Merritt and Helmreich, Jandt pages 13-27
“What is the Basis of American Culture,” Aldridge, Jandt pages 84-98
100 word response to the following
The perspectives learned this week relate to the evolution of human beings and their ability to evolve and survive. As it was state in Aldridge’s readings human beings have the capability to communicate and this ability makes them superior, than animals. All human beings came from the same land and eventually with th.
100 word response to the followingThe point that Penetito is tr.docxvrickens
100 word response to the following:
The point that Penetito is trying to make is that it is important for indigenous cultures to survive. He uses the case of the education of the Maori in New Zealand as an example to exhibit the declining influence of the culture because of the influence of the more dominant British culture. Penetito strengthens his argument by referencing problems that come with colonization and the negative on natives, most notably, the educational system. By attacking this one issue and using facts about the culture to enrich the discussion helps to focus his message that cultures being dominated is a bad thing. The Maori educational system has been moulded to fit the mainstream framework rather than a Maori one (Jandt, 2004, p. 173) and this creates many of the problems and contributes to the extinction of culture. He could use other examples of how colonizing countries leads to the destruction of less important areas of indigiounous cultures such as dress, language, or food in order to strengthen his arguments about the educational systems. The lack of attention in the educational field is having lasting effects on Maoris living in New Zealand and any more information he could use to support this would be important to know. Also examples of educational systems in other colonized countries, to compare and contrast them to New Zealand's would also help to influence readers. He references a report done by the Ministry of Maori Development which states that, "disparities between Maori and non-Maori in a variety of economic sectors such as employment and income" (Jandt, 2004, p. 181). The Maori are just an example of one culture that is fighting for survival out of many. The problem is that through colonization, diversity dwindles. Penetito's writing is valid for all endangered languages because all cultures can use it as a template and useful knowledge for preserving their cultures before they are completely gone.
Textbook: Jandt, F. (2004). Intercultural Communication:A Global Reader. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
100 word response to the following:
I would like to ask a provocative question, or two.
Given that all of the indigenous languages in the USA are on the brink of extinction, should there be federal funding to protect these languages and these cultures?
Along the same lines, what do you think of English-only initiatives? Do these aid or hurt American culture?
http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/
.
100 word response to the folowingMust use Chicago style citing an.docxvrickens
100 word response to the folowing:
Must use Chicago style citing and the textbook: Jandt, Fred E. (editor) Intercultural Communication: A Global Reader. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 2004. Part I Cultural Values
Culture has many different meanings anywhere from historical perspectives to behavioral perspectives to different traditions that have been passed down from generations to generations.
Levi Strauss was interested in structuralism which he defined as “the search for unusual harmonies” (pg 1 Jandt). “There are many more human cultures than human races”, human cultures are counted by the thousands and human races are divided up by units.
The collaboration between cultures is trying to compare the old world with the new world. “No society is intrinsically cumulative. Cumulative history is the way of life of cultures and how they get a long together. All cultural contributions are divided into two groups; isolated acquisitions or features, the features are important but at the same time they are limited. The second group is systemized contributions which is how each society has chosen to express human aspirations. According to Strauss the true contribution of a culture is its difference from others.
Geert Hostede looks at business cultures and states that culture may be divided into four categories symbols, heroes, rituals and values. “Understanding people means understanding their background from which their present and future behavior can be predicted”. There are also four national cultural differences: 1.power distance-the population from equal to extremely unequal 2. Individualism -people have learned to act as individuals rather than in a group 3.masculinity- assertiveness or masculine values prevail over the feminine ones 4.uncertainty avoidance- people in a country prefer structured over unstructured situations.
References:
Jandt, E. Fred. Intercultural Communications. Thousand Oaks; Sage Publications. 2004. Print.
100 word response to the folowing:
Must use Chicago style citing and the textbook: Jandt, Fred E. (editor) Intercultural Communication: A Global Reader. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 2004 Part I Cultural Values
Our culture is something that has been ingrained in us from an early age, and is largely unconscious. Levi-Strauss says that while certain biological traits were selected for us in the beginning of evolution, as soon as culture came into being, those biological traits were influenced by the dynamics of culture (Jandt, p. 6). Essentially, we are not able to separate ourselves from culture, and to do so would be to ruin what is wonderful and unique about each culture. According to Hofstede, all cultures have their processes, and their values. While things like symbols and rituals in a culture vary greatly, he says; “Values represent the deepest level of culture. (Jandt, p. 9)”
Because culture is deeply ingrained in us, all of the variants that Levi-Strauss and Hofstede discussed must be taken in account when dealing wit.
100 word response using textbook Getlein, Mark. Living with Art, 9t.docxvrickens
100 word response using textbook: Getlein, Mark. Living with Art, 9th Ed., New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010. Citing in MLA Format:
Between the Baroque and Rococo era, according to Getlein in Living with Art 2010, Rococo is a development and extension of the baroque style. Rococo is not only a play on the word baroque, but also French for rocks and shells. Rococo is known for its ornate style and several points of contrast. Baroque on the other hand was an art of cathedrals and palaces (Getlein p. 397). The Mirror Room of the Amailienburg in Nymphenburg is a great example of the Rococo style of art with its gentle pastels, overall intimacy, multiple mirrors and its illusion of the sky and with that baroque is large in scale and rococo is lighter. According to Getlein p. 398, Rococo architecture first originated in France but was soon exported, some examples of this type of art are found in Germany. Hall of mirrors on page 392 by Charles Le Brun is an example of baroque art, it is a more intense piece of work that is more vibrant and energetic vice the lighter decoration s used in The Mirror Room.
100 word response using textbook: Getlein, Mark. Living with Art, 9th Ed., New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010. Citing in MLA Format:
The Renaissance covered the period from 1400 to 1600, which brought numerous changes that included new techniques in art, the way art was viewed, and how people viewed themselves. The term renaissance means "rebirth" and it refers to the renewal of interest in Roman and Greek cultures. During the period scholars who called themselves humanists believed in the pursuit of knowledge and striving to reach their full creative and intellectual potential. This new way of thinking had many impacts for art during this period. Artists became interested in observing the natural world and studied new techniques on how to accurately depict it. Various techniques were developed such as the effect of light known as chiaroscuro; noting that distant objects appeared smaller than nearer ones they developed linear perspective; seeing how detail and colored blurred with distance, they developed atmospheric perspective. (Getlein page 361) The nude also reappeared in art, for the body was one of God's most noble creations; an example of this can be seen in figure 16.8 the statue of David, by the artist Michelangelo. (Getlein page 368) The primary difference between the Renaissance and the prior period of time was that artists were no longer viewed craftsmen, they were now recognized as intellectuals. (Getlein page 362)
The Northern Renaissance developed more gradually than in Italy. Northern artists did not live among the ruins of Rome nor did they share the Italians’ sense of a personal link to the creators of the Classical past; thus affecting the focus and characteristics between the two cultures. (Getlein page 374) Renaissance artists in northern Europe focused more on small details of the visible world, such as decoration or the outer appearanc.
100 word response to the following. Must cite properly in MLA.Un.docxvrickens
100 word response to the following. Must cite properly in MLA.
Unlike the Egyptian culture that created statues of themselves as gods and pharaohs. Muslims did not worship false idols or statues so no pictures or statues or gods are present in their mosques. According to Geitlein (2010), “The Qur’an contains a stern warning against the worship of idols, and in time this led to a doctrine forbidding images of animate beings in religious contexts” (p. 410). Instead the Muslims of the Islam culture used geometry and plants to design buildings, like the Egyptian pyramids, Muslims built beautiful mosques with grand designs. Islam became a world religion, like Christians, they needed a place of worship and prayer. They also used fine textiles, sun dried brick, and ceramics to create their designs. An example would be the popular Cordoba mosque of Spain. A lot of mosques use the arch and dome technique like that of the Romans and Byzantine architecture. Arabic script also became popular and appeared inside the mosque temples. Islam used calligraphy as art and to illustrate writing. Egyptians were also big on scripting but theirs was called hieroglyphics, which not only had letters, but pictures were a big part of their writing system as well. The Egyptians didn’t technically worship false idols at all times, at some times they had statues created of themselves but there wasn’t really a religion in Egypt until the one god religion began there. Egypt gave you a visual of the life and world of Egypt, Islam leaves it more up to the imagination with no pictures of what any of the past history looked like.
References
Getlein, Mark. Living With Art. 9th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010. Print.
100 word response to the following. Must cite properly in MLA:
Realism was a mid to late 19th century movement in which artist should represent the world at it is regardless of artistic and social understandings. Realist were seeking to free art from social regulation and depicting how society shapes the lives of people (Little, page 80).
In his Fur Traders Descending the Missouri, American-born George Caleb Bingham a self taught artist and the first major painter to live and work west of the Mississippi River illustrates the realism of life for a French trapper and his son on the Missouri River hunting from a dugout canoe. The painting is simple to understand, it represents the calmness of a time to me when life was simple.
Abstract Expressionism was a movement that got its start following World War TWO. Developed in New York and often referred to as the New York School or Action Painting it is characterized to depict universal emotions. Additionally this was the first American movement to gain international recognition (Little, page 122).
Jackson Pollock’s perfected Abstract Expressionism through his “drip technique”, a technique in which you apply paint to a canvas on the floor indirectly from a brush. Pollock the youngest of five boys in a family that moved a.
100 original, rubric, word count and required readings must be incl.docxvrickens
100% original, rubric, word count and required readings must be included
This is 3 assignments in one. The final is all the assignments from M1A2- M5A2
The assignments are highlighted in yellow and the rubics are in red and attached for M3A2 and M5A2
Assignment 2: LASA 1—Preliminary Strategy Audit
The end result of this course is developing a strategy audit. In this module, you will outline and draft a preliminary framework for your final product. This provides you with the opportunity to get feedback before a final submission.
In
Module 1
, you reviewed the instructions for the capstone strategy audit assignment and grading rubric due in
Module 5
. By now, you have completed the following steps:
Identified the organization for your report
Interviewed at least one key mid-level or senior-level manager
Created a market position analysis
Conducted an external environmental scan in preparation of your final report and presentation
In this assignment, you will generate a preliminary strategy audit in preparation for your final course project.
Prepare a report that includes the following:
In preparation for your course project, prepare the preliminary strategy audit using the tools and framework you have focused on so far including the following:
Analysis of the company value proposition, market position, and competitive advantage
External environmental scan/five forces analysis
Identify the most important (5–7) strategic issues facing the organization or business unit.
You may modify the strategic issues in your final report based on the additional analysis you will conduct in the next module as well as the feedback you receive on this paper from your instructor.
Keep in mind that it is important to look at the strategic issue(s) from more than just one perspective in the business unit or company—speak to or research the issue from more than one angle to offer a 360-degree approach that does not cause more problems or issues.
Strategic issues arise from a mismatch between internal capabilities and external trends such that important opportunities are not being pursued or significant external threats are not being addressed under the current strategy.
Include a preliminary set of recommended tactics for improving your company’s strategic alignment and operating performance.
You may modify these recommendations in your final report based on the additional analysis you will conduct in the next module as well as the feedback you receive on this paper from your instructor.
Keep in mind that recommendations can include, but are not limited to, tactics in marketing, branding, alliances, mergers and acquisitions, integration, product development, diversification or divestiture, and globalization. If you recommend your company to go global, you must include a supply chain analysis and an analysis of your firm’s global capabilities.
Write your report as though you are a consultant to your company and are addressing the executive officers of this comp.
100 or more wordsFor this Discussion imagine that you are speaki.docxvrickens
100 or more words
For this Discussion imagine that you are speaking to a group of parents or early childcare professionals. Identify the characteristics of the group so that your readers know who is being addressed. Explain to the group why play is so important to children, including:
How and what children learn through play
Give examples of how they can encourage and support play for children
.
10. (TCOs 1 and 10) Apple, Inc. a cash basis S corporation in Or.docxvrickens
10.
(TCOs 1 and 10) Apple, Inc. a cash basis S corporation in Orange, Texas, formerly was a C corporation. Apple has the following assets and liabilities on January 1, 2010, the date the S election is made:
Adjusted Basis
Fair Market Value
Cash
$200,000
$200,000
Accounts receivable
-0-
$105,000
Equipment
$110,000
$100,000
Land
$1,800,000
$2,500,000
Accounts payable
-0-
$110,000
During 2010, Apple collects the accounts receivable and pays the accounts payable. The land is sold for $3 million, and taxable income for the year is $590,000. What is Apple's built-in gains tax?
(Points : 5)
.
10-12 slides with Notes APA Style ReferecesThe prosecutor is getti.docxvrickens
10-12 slides with Notes APA Style Refereces
The prosecutor is getting feedback from local law enforcement officers explaining that they are discouraged from making arrests in cases of domestic violence and child abuse. They claim that they have been either not making arrests in domestic violence situations or arresting both parties when they go out on a call. It seems that abused women often go back to the abusers, and children who get removed from the homes where they have been abused often return after removal. These occurrences have been especially demoralizing to law enforcement.
One of your jobs in working as a victim witness assistant is to help educate law enforcement on the nature and behaviors involved in domestic violence and child abuse. The prosecutor’s office has decided that you should present each of these topics for the next training session:
Topic 1: Domestic violence:
Your goal is to educate law enforcement to use best practices in the investigation of domestic abuse cases. Include the following topics:
How to approach a domestic violence situation when responding to an emergency call
when the parties should be separated
how to interview parties
what information needs to be in the report and why
how best to help a victim
what laws protect victims, including the use of protection orders
why victims return to abusers
length of time it may take to stay away from their abusers
Arrests
the legal standard needed to make an arrest in a domestic violence case
What evidence should be collected at the arrest?
Are dual arrests effective law enforcement?
how to assist domestic violence victims
reluctant victims
help for victims
Topic 2: Child Abuse:
Your goal will be to educate law enforcement about the dynamics of abuse and neglect cases. Include the following topics:
signs of child abuse and categories (physical, sexual, emotional)
difference between abuse and neglect
legal description of neglect
use of guardian
ad litems
the legal standards that must be met in removal from the home
termination of parental rights
requirements of Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA)
role of court-appointed special advocates (CASA) in child abuse and neglect cases
role of social services in abuse and neglect cases
For more information on creating PowerPoint Presentations, please visit the Microsoft Office Applications Lab.
.
10-12 page paer onDiscuss the advantages and problems with trailer.docxvrickens
10-12 page paer on
Discuss the advantages and problems with trailers for temporary housing, the issues for FEMA, and recommendations for improvements to the housing program. Discuss how Public Assistance was used in New York for Hurricane Sandy recovery, and why this was so different than previous housing policies.
.
10. Assume that you are responsible for decontaminating materials in.docxvrickens
10. Assume that you are responsible for decontaminating materials in a large hospital.
How would you sterilize each of the following? Briefly justify your answers.
a. A mattress used by a patient with bubonic plague
b. Intravenous glucose-saline solutions
c. Used disposable syringe
d. Tissues taken from patients
.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Introduction To ARDUINO MicrocontrollersArduino Produc.docx
1. Introduction To ARDUINO Microcontrollers
Arduino Products, <http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products>
What is a Microcontroller?
A small, low cost computer that exists on a single integrated
circuit
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Data/program storage capacity
RAM and/or ROM
Programmable Inputs & Outputs (I/O)
Designed to perform one dedicated function/program
Usually embedded into the desired system
Arduino UNO Rev.3
I/O pins
14 digital input/output pins (6 PWM pins)
6 analog inputs
USB connection
Programming and powering the board (during programming and
testing)
External power jack
AC-to-DC adapter or battery operation
O.D. 5.5 mm and Center Positive 2.1 mm
2. Supported Arduino documents on their website
http://www.arduino.cc/
Arduino Software (or Arduino IDE)
Arduino Integrated Development Environment
Can be downloaded from their site (https://www.arduino.cc/) for
FREE!!!
Open-source software
Availability of resources!
Compatible with Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux
Arduino Playground (wiki contribution from Arduino users)
Arduino programming = C language
Opening & Setting up an Arduino IDE
Double click on the “Arduino” icon to open the program
The first thing to check is under “Tools” (from the top menu)
Under the “Tools” Tab check to see that “Board:” is set to
“Arduino/Genuino Uno”
3. Setting up an Arduino IDE
Under the “Tools” Tab check that “Port”
Set to “COM## (Arduino/Genuino Uno)”
Note: COM number may change depending on the computer
Part 1 – Definitions and Declarations
Part 2 – Setup Function
Part 3 – Loop Function
Serial Monitor:
Opens Serial Monitor Window
Review: Breadboard Layout
Images provided by:
http://computers.tutsplus.com/tutorials/how-to-use-a-
breadboard-and-build-a-led-circuit--mac-54746
4. Other “Arduino” family members
SainSmart UNO R3
OLIMEXINO-328
Freeduino
The Ruggeduino
Control Structure
Conditional “if” Statement
Description – if…else…
The if statement checks for a condition and executes the
proceeding statement or set of statements if the condition is
‘true’.
https://www.arduino.cc/reference/en/language/structure/control-
structure/if/
Bill Gates explains if & if/else statements
https://youtu.be/m2Ux2PnJe6E
if (someCondition) {
// do stuff if the condition is true
}
5. Condition
#1 Simplest “if” statement
Statement(s)
End if
True
FalseComparison OperatorsMeaningx == yx is equal to yx != yx
is not equal to yx < yx is less than yx > yx is greater than yx <=
yx is less than or equal to yx >= yx is greater than or equal to y
Note: Single (=) and double (==) are different.
Single equal sign is the assignment operator.
Double equal sign is the comparison operator.
Example
if (x > 120) digitalWrite(LEDpin, HIGH);
Note: The brackets ( {} ) may be omitted after an if statement.
If this is done, the next line (defined by the semicolon) becomes
the ONLY conditional statement.
if (x > 120){
digitalWrite(LEDpin1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(LEDpin2, HIGH);
}
if (x > 120){ digitalWrite(LEDpin, HIGH); }
if (x > 120)
digitalWrite(LEDpin, HIGH);
#2 if…else variation
if (someCondition) {
// do stuff if the condition is true
} else {
// do stuff if the condition is false
}
Condition
Statement(s)
6. End if
True
False
Statement(s)
#3 Nested if…else statement
if (Condition_1) {
// do stuff if the condition_1 is true
} else if (Condition_2) {
// do stuff only if the first condition is false
// and the second condition is true
} else {
// do stuff only if the first condition is false
// and the second condition is false
}
Condition_1
Statement(s)
End if
True
False
Statement(s)
Condition_2
True
False
Statement(s)
#3 Nested if…else statement
Example – Conditionals with Cards
if (CARD is lower than 5) {
if (CARD is BLACK) {
Award YOUR team the same
number of points on the card.
7. } else {
Award OTHER team 1 point.
}
} else {
if (CARD is HEARTS) {
Award YOUR team 1 point.
}
}
Conditionals with Cards
https://youtu.be/TbUaEnAYPjI
CARD is lower than 5
Award YOUR team the same number of points on the card.
End if
True
False
Award YOUR team 1 point.
True
False
CARD is BLACK
True
False
Award OTHER team 1 point.
CARD is HEARTS
Conditionals with Cards
https://youtu.be/TbUaEnAYPjI
#4 if statement and Logical operators
Evaluate 2 different conditions altogether
Logical (or Boolean) Operators
&& – Logical AND results in true only if both operands are
true.
|| – Logical OR results in a true if either of the two operands is
8. true.
! – Logical NOT results in a true if the operand is false and vice
versa.
xyx &&
ytruetruetruetruefalsefalsefalsetruefalsefalsefalsefalsexyx ||
ytruetruetruetruefalsetruefalsetruetruefalsefalsefalsex!xtruefalse
falsetrue
Logical AND
[ x && y ]
Logical OR
[ x || y ]
Example – Refer to Example #1 (simplest)
if (digitalRead(2) == HIGH && digitalRead(3) == HIGH) {
// if BOTH the switches read HIGH
// statements
}
if (x > 0 || y > 0) {
// if either x or y is greater than zero
// statements
}
if (!x) {
// if x is not true
// statements
}
Note: In C/C++ language, the second argument is evaluated,
only if the first argument is false. In other words, when the
first argument is true, the second argument will not be
evaluated. This is called the short-circuit evaluation (or
9. minimal evaluation).
Example – Combining #3 and #4
if (temperature >= 70)
{
//Danger! Shut down the system
}
else if (temperature >= 60 && temperature < 70)
{
//Warning! User attention required
}
else
{
//Safe! Continue usual tasks...
}
Make sure the evaluation order does matter!!
If this expression is following…
else if (temp < 70 && temp >= 60)
Will you be able to see “Safe!” statement?
Additional Self Study Materials…
Arduino Code: Conditional Statements by SparkFun Electronics
https://youtu.be/YktSocf2vSc
Arduino Programming: Logical Operators by SparkFun
Electronics
https://youtu.be/K49Z9cIUbN0
Create a flow chart in PowerPoint 2013 by Microsoft
https://support.office.com/en-us/article/af4e3f4c-3854-486a-
88ff-eb35692663dc
10. 3d Printing / Additive Manufacturing: Exploration of Form
Feature and Geometry Limits
28
Traditional Machining Process
Stock Material-Metal
Drawing
Machining
Resulting part
29
CNC Machining Process
Stock Materia- Metall
Computer Aided Design (CAD) 3D Solid Model
G code file generated
Resulting Part
Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) Model- Tool Path
Generation and Simulation
11. Computer Numerical Control (CNC) Machining
Tool Path Generation
30
3D Printing Process
Stock Material: PLA Plastic Filament spool
Resulting Part
MakerBot Desktop Software
MakerBot 3D Printing Machine
Computer Aided Design (CAD) 3D Solid Model- SolidWorks
STL file
31
History of 3D Printing
12. What is the difference between processes?
Making sense of the additive manufacturing “alphabet soup”
(and exposing our industry’s dirty little secret): AM, 3DP,
DMLS, SLM, DMLM, SLS….. OMG?
The Additive Manufacturing (AM) world loves acronyms.
The vast majority of metal printers in use today are based on
Powder Bed Fusion Technology.
A layer of fine metal powder is spread across a machine bed.
The selected regions of the powder layer are then fused to the
layer beneath them.
The process repeats layer by layer until the entire part is built
within the powder bed.
Unfused powder is removed to reveal the finished parts on the
build plate.
The melting is typically done with a high power laser.
With that background, here’s the secret: on today’s systems
they all refer to the same process.
Common trademarked acronyms you will come across include
Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS), Selective Laser Melting
(SLM), Direct Metal Laser Melting (DMLM), and Laser Cusing.
3D Printing Technologies
33
3D Printing Technologies
BJ- Binder Jetting
LM- Laser Melting
EBM- Electron Beam Melting
SL- Sterolithography
PJ- PolyJet Modeling
FDM- Fuse Deposition Modeling
LS- Laser Sintering
MJ- MutiJet Modeling
13. Each 3D printer is unique!!
Majority of the time, 3D printer comes with its special software
(i.e., slicer and controller)
Cetus3D
UpStudio
MakerBot Replicator Series
MakerBot Print
Ultimaker
Cura
35
36
SHELLS AND INFILL
Print settings can dramatically change the strength, appearance,
print time, and other properties of your printed parts.
Shells are the perimeter on each layer; they make up the walls
of your part.
Infill is the internal structure of your part. You can set the infill
of your part to be anywhere from 0% (hollow) to 100% (solid).
Increasing the infill and number of shells will make your parts
stronger, but will increase print time and filament use.
14. PRINTED PYRAMID
10% Infill / 02 Shells without supports
PRINTED PYRAMID
0% Infill
08 Shells
PRINTED PYRAMID
25% Infill
02 Shells
PRINTED PYRAMID
02% Infill
02 Shells
PRINTED PYRAMID
50% Infill
02 Shells
37
MINFILL OPTION
38
SUPPORTS AND RAFTS
Supports are printed scaffolding for overhangs. If your model
has overhangs greater than 68 degrees (measured from the
vertical axis) then you will need to print with supports. A raft
15. helps the part adhere to the build plate by laying down an even,
flat foundation to print on.
3D Model: The T model has overhangs greater than 68 degrees
and needs support material. The Y model does not need support
material.
Supports: After printing, the T will needs support material
removed. Both printed with rafts.
Final Print: Final parts after removing supports and rafts.
Cost Estimation – 3D Printing Material (material only)
Q: How much does 3D printed part cost, if printed part is 7
gram?
Note: Using 1kg of $17 PLA filament
Ans. About 12 cents
Memo: In the actual manufacturing process, cost estimation is
not only material itself and involves many other factors: human
labor fee, machine running cost, other production costs…
Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a form of direct manufacturing
which involves rapid prototyping.
Using AM, we can build functional, efficient, and effective
components directly from CAD models.
AM uses computer controlled, layer-by-layer material
deposition, which is a process that utilizes a laser to deposit a
layer of material onto a substrate.
Many users, who had been experimenting AM are still using
them for prototyping rather than production.
Educating companies on opportunities for creating a component
by additive process is a hard challenge.
16. Additive Manufacturing
40
40
Additive Manufacturing Benefits[1]
41
Kinsella, Mary E., “Additive Manufacturing of Superalloys for
Aerospace Applications”. March 2008
Additive Manufacturing - why?
Building parts with very complex geometries without any sort
of tools or fixtures, and without producing any waste material
The geometrical freedom allowed to engineer/design the part as
you envision it, without manufacturing constraints. This can be
translated to extreme light-weight designs, reduced part counts
Lightness is critical in making aircraft. A reduction of 1 kg in
the weight of an airliner will save around $3,000 worth of fuel a
year and by the same token cut carbon-dioxide emissions. AM
could help build greener aircraft.
Cost-effectiveness - a very energy-efficient and
environmentally friendly manufacturing route
Application includes Medical Implants, Aerospace, Industry ,
& Automobile
42
Detailed Gas Turbine[2]
17. 43
“Unison: A Leading Supplier, Engine Components & Systems”.
http://www.unisonindustries.com/systems/index.html
Critical Components – Candidates for AM[3]
Augmentors, Combustors, Compressor Stators, Accessory
Gearboxes, Drive and turbine shafts, ducts, fan and turbine
frames, fan stator and diffuser cases
High-valued turbo-engine components like casings and vanes as
well as rotating parts like blades, rotors, disks and BLISKs
(BLade Integrated DiSKs).
44
Use of 3D Rapid Prototyping for University of Hartford UAV
Project
Gallery of Sub-Assembly Photographs / Drawings
Prototype parts were fabricated at the University of Hartford
with our 3D Rapid Prototype System
Tail assemblies and many of the metal parts were fabricated at
BML Machine Tool in Monroe CT, a shop that already had
ARDEC and Picatinny contracts.
18. Use of 3D Rapid Prototyping for University of Other Hartford
Projects
Material Testing
BE260W Biomed Engineering Materials
Tension and compression tests
PLA (Polylactic Acid) samples
Biodegradable thermoplastic
Processed from corn starch, sugarcane, or other plants that can
create starch
Based on the preliminary test in D129 and simple assessment:
PLA with 20% infill density: EPLA 20% = 167,309 psi ≈ 167
ksi
PLA with 99% infill density: EPLA 99% = 226,796 psi ≈ 227
ksi
Both reasonably within the range of MatWeb’s data (from 12.3
to 2,000 ksi)
Rapid prototyping – I beam design
Once simple parametric model is developed and 3D-printed, you
can see, touch, and feel it
https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/american-wide-flange-
steel-beams-d_1318.html
19. Rapid prototyping – Airfoil design
Import mathematically determined airfoil design using a CSV
data file
http://airfoiltools.com/plotter/index
Rapid prototype – Skyline Diffuser
mh-audio.nl/Acoustics/DiffusorCalculator.asp
Rapid prototype - Enclosure
Example – Topological Model
Questions
????
Additional Material
57
20. 58
PREPARE FILES FOR PRINTING WITH MAKERBOT
PRINT
MAKERBOT PRINT
MAKERBOT PRINT
Select Printer: Click on the printer menu to view your active
printers. Select add a printer to add a new printer to your list.
Add a network printer to browse from printers already on your
network via WiFi or Ethernet.
Connect via IP address to add a printer using its IP, this can be
found on the MakerBot Replicator+
onscreen menu. Add an unconnected printer if you
plan on transferring files to your printer via USB stick.
Insert Files: Open the project panel and select add models.
Alternatively, you can drag and drop files directly into
MakerBot Print’s main window from your computer.
File Types: Both Mac and PC users can import .STL files. PC
users can import native CAD files from
programs like SolidWorks® and Autodesk Inventor ®.
21. 59
PREPARE FILES FOR PRINTING WITH MAKERBOT
PRINT
MAKERBOT PRINT
TIP: Place models as close to the center of the build plate as
possible. Group models as close together as possible without
overlapping, arrange build plate is useful for arranging lots of
models.
TIP: Print modes are a set of recommended print settings. For
more advanced control, select the
add a custom setting button to create your own custom print
modes.
MAKERBOT PRINT
Settings: Select your print mode, extruder type, and toggle
support material on/off. Print settings will affect the strength,
surface quality, weight, print time, and other properties of your
printed
parts. We recommend always printing with rafts on.
22. Layout: Arrange models on your build plate(s) using the
arrange, orient, and scale menus. Rotate your models so that the
largest flat surface is touching the build plate. Try using place
face on build plate
in the orient menu to help.
60
MAKERBOT PRINT
TIP: Place models as close to the center of the build plate as
possible. Group models as close together as possible without
overlapping, arrange build plate is useful for arranging lots of
models.
TIP: Print modes are a set of recommended print settings. For
more advanced control, select the
add a custom setting button to create your own custom print
modes.
23. MAKERBOT PRINT
Settings: Select your print mode, extruder type, and toggle
support material on/off. Print settings will affect the strength,
surface quality, weight, print time, and other properties of your
printed
parts. We recommend always printing with rafts on.
Layout: Arrange models on your build plate(s) using the
arrange, orient, and scale menus. Rotate your models so that the
largest flat surface is touching the build plate. Try using place
face on build plate
in the orient menu to help.
PREPARE FILES FOR PRINTING WITH MAKERBOT
PRINT
61
SHELLS AND INFILL
Print settings can dramatically change the strength, appearance,
print time, and other properties of your printed parts.
Shells are the perimeter on each layer; they make up the walls
of your part.
Infill is the internal structure of your part. You can set the infill
of your part to be anywhere from 0% (hollow) to 100% (solid).
Increasing the infill and number of shells will make your parts
stronger, but will increase print time and filament use.
24. PRINTED PYRAMID
10% Infill / 02 Shells without supports
PRINTED PYRAMID
0% Infill
08 Shells
PRINTED PYRAMID
25% Infill
02 Shells
PRINTED PYRAMID
02% Infill
02 Shells
PRINTED PYRAMID
50% Infill
02 Shells
62
MINFILL OPTION
63
SUPPORTS AND RAFTS
Supports are printed scaffolding for overhangs. If your model
has overhangs greater than 68 degrees (measured from the
vertical axis) then you will need to print with supports. A raft
helps the part adhere to the build plate by laying down an even,
flat foundation to print on.
25. 3D Model: The T model has overhangs greater than 68 degrees
and needs support material. The Y model does not need support
material.
Supports: After printing, the T will needs support material
removed. Both printed with rafts.
Final Print: Final parts after removing supports and rafts.
64
MAKERBOT PRINT
MAKERBOT PRINT
Print: Use the print button to print directly to connected printers
or to export files for offline
printers (this will appear as export if you’ve selected an
unconnected printer).
Monitor your print progress by navigating to the
printer menu and watching the live camera feed. You can also
monitor via the MakerBot ® Mobile™ app.
PREPARE FILES FOR PRINTING WITH MAKERBOT
PRINT
26. 65
PRE-PRINT CHECKLIST
SOFTWARE
HARDWARE
01. Add Files: Click File >
Insert File or drag and drop right onto the build plate
05. Install Build Plate: Load your build plate onto the Z-stage
and confirm
it’s snug
02. Arrange: Organize objects by dragging or
using Arrange Build Plate
03. Print Settings: Adjust your print settings to change print
speed
and quality
27. 04. Print Estimates and
Preview: Double check print time and material usage by
checking Print Preview.
06. Attach MakerBot
Smart Extruder+: Confirm that the Smart Extruder+
is attached properly
07. Calibrate MakerBot Smart
Extruder+: If you’ve just attached a Smart Extruder+, run a Z
Calibration. On the printer, select Settings >
Calibration > Calibrate Z Offset
08. Load Filament: Select Filament
> Load Filament. Then, ensure that the filament is seated in the
drawer, fed through the guide tube, and securely inserted into
28. the Smart
Extruder+ when prompted.
66
POST-PRINT CHECKLIST
09. Remove Build Plate: Slide the build plate toward you to
remove it from the Z-stage
10. Remove Parts from Build Plate: Gently flex the build plate
or use a thin craft spatula to
remove parts
11. Discard Rafts and Support: Use your hands or tools to
gently remove the raft and
support materials from parts
29. Quick Guide of Cetus 3d Printer in the Maker Space (UT 320)
Basic Steps
Connect to the printer with a long USB cable from your own
computer or the Makerspace Desktop
You can disconnect once the print has begun
Turn on the printer by hitting the on/off switch on the left of the
Cetus3D
Set up 3D print file in UpStudio
Select position on plate, infill density, raft, etc…
Print file
ALWAYS REMEMBER
Initialize the Cetus3D printer before each print
Gently wipe down the print plate with a paper towel and 70%
isopropyl alcohol before and after print
Remove with metal spatula positioned flat and flush against
print plate by pressing firmly but gently against the print
Find “UPStudio” icon on desktop: 3D printing software for the
Cetus 3D printer
Software should recognize connected printer, but if not, go to
setting section
30. Check printer serial number here and on the printer
Click “UP” icon: moving into 3D print setting screen
Scale
Add
Print
Initialize
Print Status
Home
Rotate
Move
Maintenance
Calibration (No need for students’ general printing)
Empty 3D printing space…
Import your 3D object file in STL
Select your model in STL format
31. Depending on the model, it may need some printing tweaks!!
Many cases, relationship between Y-axis and Z-axis are
changed, which is caused by a mismatch of coordinate setting in
SolidWorks/Fusion and UPStudio. Also, scaling could be off,
but it can be fixed by definition of 1 in = 25.4 mm.
Rotate
Think about the best orientation for 3D printing!
Move
Scale
Once 3D object is set properly, move on to “Print Settings”
Inside of object
Raft
When preview is promising, click “Print” to manufacture a part
Automatically printing file will be transfer and start warming up
32. the nozzle heater
Printing will be started, when the nozzle temperature reaches at
210°C
See Cetus3D Quick Start Guide:
https://www.cetus3d.com/quick-start-guide/
Note: Printer and nozzle height have already been calibrated for
general 3D printing.
Check the progress of printing and get a print-finish time
(estimation)