The document provides a comprehensive overview of Android development, detailing its history, architecture, and evolution through various versions. It discusses the essential components of the Android ecosystem, including the application lifecycle and security features, as well as innovations in design and performance improvements in newer versions. Additionally, it covers tools and platforms such as Android Studio and Genymotion for app development and testing.

1. Android Development
http://dycode.co.id | office@dycode.com | @dycode
Beginner Level Training
DyPlex, March 31, 2015

2. Andri Yadi
CEO, DyCode
Lead Trainer

3. Bayu WY
Mobile Team Lead, DyCode

4. About DyCode
8 years company
End-to-end mobile app solutions
developer company
Award-winning companies
100+ mid-to-large projects, 3
products, including a well-know
app: Movreak, Jepret Story

5. Intro to Android

6. Android Background
A Software Stack: OS, Middle-ware, key apps.
Developed by Android Inc. Bought by Google in 2005.
Based on Linux kernel
Open Source
Android Open Source Project (AOSP), led by Google.
Under Apache 2.0 License. Developed by Open
Handset Alliance. Huge code base
Application layer is Java-based
Android is NOT Linux. No native windowing system. No
glibc support.NO GNU/LINUX utilities

7. Android Background
Open Handset Alliance?
A consortium of several companies
Devoted to advancing open standards for
mobile devices
Develop technologies that will significantly
lower the cost of developing and
distributing mobile devices and services.

8. Architecture

9. Linux Kernel
Linux Kernel: basic hardware abstraction, memory management, process
management, networking, and other operating system services.
Display Driver Camera Driver Flash Memory Driver Binder (IPC) Driver
Keypad Driver WiFi Driver Audio Driver Power Management

10. Libraries
Native Libraries: written in C or C++, Standard C lib. Only to be called by
higher level programs
Surface Manager Media Framework SQLite OpenGL ES
FreeType WebKit SGL SSL libc

11. Android Runtime
Core Libraries consists of most of standard Java libraries (but not J2SE/
J2ME).
Don’t use VM, Dalvik VM instead. Run .dex files. Each app runs in its own VM
Core Libraries
Dalvik Virtual
Machine

12. Application Framework
Full set of services built in Java
View & windows, resources, content providers, phone services & APIs,
notifications, application life-cycle management
All apps directly interact with this layer
Activity Manager Window Manager Content Providers
View System
Package Manager Telephony Manager Resource Manager
Location Manager Notification Manager

13. Applications
Applications and Widgets: the real programs display information and interact
with users.
Home Contacts Browser Your app

14. Android Applications
Loosely coupled set of services
One or more:
Activities (≃ screens)
Services (≃ background processes)
Broadcast receiver (≃ waiting and response)
Content providers (≃ provides some data, mostly
backed by SQLite)
Can use other apps functionality (≃ intent)

15. Android Applications
Set of activities

16. Application Lifecycle
Controlled by Tasks
A task is a set of activities arranged in a stack
Root Task
Launching an app makes it the root of a task
New activities pushed on the task task (default
behaviour)
Activity 2
Activity 1
Task

17. Application Lifecycle
App Process
All apps are run in their own process
Priority
Android manages memory by prioritising
processes and killing least important ones

18. Application Lifecycle
Jepret Story app process Twitter app process

19. Flavours (or version)

20. OS Version & API Level
Android 1.0
Android 1.1
Android 1.5 Cupcake
Android 1.6 Donut (API level 4)
Android 2.0 Eclair (API level 5)
Android 2.0.1 Eclair (API level 6)
Android 2.1 Eclair (API level 7)
Android 2.2–2.2.3 Froyo (API level 8)
Android 2.3–2.3.2 Gingerbread (API level 9)
Android 2.3.3–2.3.7 Gingerbread (API level 10)
Android 3.0 Honeycomb (API level 11)
Android 3.1 Honeycomb (API level 12)
Android 3.2 Honeycomb (API level 13)
Android 4.0–4.0.2 Ice Cream Sandwich (API level 14)
Android 4.0.3–4.0.4 Ice Cream Sandwich (API level 15)
Android 4.1 Jelly Bean (API level 16)
Android 4.2 Jelly Bean (API level 17)
Android 4.3 Jelly Bean (API level 18)
Andriod 4.4–4.4.4 Kitkat (API level 19)
Andriod 4.4W Kitkat with Wearable Extensions (API level 20)
Android 5.0-5.02 Lollipop (API Level 21)
Android 5.1 Lollipop (API Level 22)

21. Security & Permissions
Each Android package is given its own
unique Linux user ID
An app is sandboxed and can't disrupt other
apps, except by explicitly declaring the
permissions for it
Permissions:
Declarative permission in manifest file
Users are prompted at install time
Apps (APK files) are signed locally

22. Android 5.0Some updates on…

23. Material Design
Visual Language + Good Design + Innovation

24. Material Design
Colors
Large areas, suggested color palette
Images
More personal & emotional content
“3D”
Mostly 2D & 2.5D to give structure
Light and Shadow
Cards and overlays

25. Material Design
Flat
No bevels, gradients, effects
Animations
Explains interaction
Typography
Roboto and font style definitions
Layout templates
Margins, key lines, etc.

26. Material Design
Elements of Material Design in Android
New theme
New Widgets for complex views
New API for Custom Shadows & Animation

27. ToolBar is a generalized ActionBar
More flexible
setActionBar(toolBar)
Option menu actions
Can be placed anywhere in the layout
For example, in a pop up Fragment
Toolbar is just another View

28. Android RunTime (ART)
Good bye Dalvik
ART runtime replaces Dalvik as the platform default
Features
Ahead of time compilation (AOT)
Better Garbage Collection (GC)
64 bit support
Better Profiling and Debugging
First appearance in Android 4.4 (experimental)

29. ART - AOT
Compilation during installation
Installation takes longer
More storage required (DEX + Compiled)
Better startup time
No compilation lags during execution
Compiled ART code is faster
than compiled Dalvik code
In general, better battery life, less memory
consumption

30. WebView
Chromium 37
Includes:
WebGL
WebAudio
WebRTC
Updateable from Google Play
Permissions for camera, microphone, ...

31. Notification
Heads up notifications (floating)
Privacy notification setting for
lockscreen

32. Camera
Uncompressed 8MP YUV at 30 FPS
Capture raw sensor data & control parameters
Exposure
ISO sensitivity

33. Connectivity
Bluetooth LE Peripheral Mode
Broadcast presence to nearby devices
Scan and connect to specific network

34. Dev Tool

36. Integration with Android Studio
A Single Build System
Android Signing Configuration
Multi-project Support
Full Incremental Builds
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
android {
compileSdkVersion 21
buildToolsVersion "21.1.2"
defaultConfig {
applicationId “example.app.android"
minSdkVersion 10
targetSdkVersion 21
versionCode 1
versionName "1.0"
}
}

37. Genymotion
Faster Android Emulator
Free for personal use only
Only provides emulation on GPS, Camera
EUR24.99 per month, per user

38. Intel HAXM
Intel® Hardware Accelerated Execution
Manager
a hardware-assisted virtualization engine that
uses Intel Virtualization Technology to speed
up Android app emulation on a host machine
Suppots Windows, Linux, OS X
Requirement
Intel HAXM installer
Intel x86 Atom System Image

39. Google Play

40. Google Play
Distribute and find Android apps
Get started
Sign up for Developer Account
Accept Developer Distribution Agreement
Pay $25 one-time registration fee
Complete details
https://play.google.com/apps/publish

41. Google Play
Google Play began to review app*
Payment:
Credit Card
Google Play Gift Card
Operator Billing
30% cut for Google Play

42. DyCode Edu
http://edu.dycode.co.id
edu@dycode.com
@dycode
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