I was invited by Indosat Ooredoo, one of 3 biggest telco operator in Indonesia, to share about IoT Development for its Ask The Expert program. This is the deck I use to discuss about tips and tricks, thoughts, and some real-world use cases for IoT development and implementation.

2. I’m not an Expert
I just started it earlier :)
Disclaimers

3. IoT Development
Use cases, tips, thoughts
Indosat, Jakarta - Feb 28, 2019

4. Andri Yadi
Co-founder & CEO of DycodeX
Vice President, Indonesia IoT Association
a (at) dycodex.com | http://andriyadi.com
I’m a Physicist, Developer, Maker, Entrepreneur
20 years in soFware engineering
21 years in electronics engineering
3 years in aeronautical engineering
14 years in entrepreneurship
11 years as MicrosoF Most Valuable Professional (MVP)
3 years as Hackster.io Ambassador
About Me

5. PT. DycodeX Teknologi Nusantara
DycodeX’s vision is to solve big problems with technology.
Today, we're pioneering and leading in developing end-to-end
home-grown IoT & AI-based systems in Indonesia, and enable
maker movement along the way.
About Us
As seen on

6. Home-grown IoT & AI-powered devices & systems
SecurityAgricultureAsset tracking Energy Design House
SMARTernak Panic Button PowtraX
Electricity metering &
reselling system
Smarterbike:
Smarter bicycle for bike fleet
management (bike sharing)
DytraX:
NB-IoT/Cellular
Asset Tracker
Hardware Kits for
Education, Makers
Custom hardware
design
End-to-end IoT
development:
firmware, cloud, AI,
web & mobile app
DycodeX’s Products & Solutions Focus
Industrial IoT
Machinery Health
Sensor
Alora
Industrial Environmental
Sensing

7. Hardware Kits for Education & IoT MakersWe also make
And a lot more….

8. In-house All products’ electronic board is designed & assembled, also firmware is developed
in-house by 100% Indonesian, in Indonesia

9. OK, let’s get started…

10. IoT is NOT just some internet-connected
devices, and monitor-able/controllable
from smartphone, like “smart lamp”
So what is it?
But first,
what is Internet of Things (IoT)?

11. Sensor
Explaining “Thing” using Human Analogy
Actuator
Internet of Things
Signal Signal
Control
Skin receptors

12. Sensor
Explaining “Thing” using Human Analogy
Actuator
Internet of Things
Signal Signal
Control
Skin receptors
Reflexive

13. Signal Signal
Reflexive
Internet of Things “Thing” reflex
Gas Sensor AlarmMicrocontroller
If gas sensor senses that certain gas/smoke concentration above predefined threshold, reflexive system (Microcontroller)
will trigger alarm right away, without first sending the data to the cloud (higher computation) to analyse

14. Sensor
Explaining IoT using Human Analogy
Actuator
Internet of Things
Signal Signal
Reflexive
Skin receptors
Conscious

15. Sensor
Explaining IoT using Human Analogy
Actuator
Internet of Things
Signal Signal
Reflexive
Skin receptors
Conscious
Cogitative

16. Sensor Actuator
Internet of Things
Signal Signal
Reflexive
Skin receptors
Conscious
Cogitative

17. Sensor Actuator
Internet of Things
Signal Signal
Reflexive
Skin receptors
Conscious
Cogitative
Realtime
(LOCAL, automation)
Thing
NonRealtime
CLOUD
(High
Computation)

18. Data Data
Reflexive
Conscious
Cogitative
CLOUD
(High
Computation)
NonRealtime
Realtime, Local
Sensor Actuator
Connectivity/networking
Thing
Internet of Things

19. Data Data
Reflexive
Conscious
Cogitative
CLOUD
(High
Computation)
NonRealtime
Realtime, Local
Sensor Actuator
Current Trend:
Edge Intelligence
Connectivity/networking
Thing
The conscious or “thinking” part of the
cloud now moves closer to or inside the
Thing/device

20. “Network of physical objects with embedded
electronics, software, connectivity, and people to
enable exchanging data, for “smart” applications
and services„
So, what is Internet of Things?

21. Let’s put it into practice

22. * “Ternak” in SMARTernak means “cattle” in Bahasa Indonesia
Internet of Things & Artificial Intelligence-based
Cattle-Farming Assistant
20
First, let me introduce…
DycodeX’s

23. SMARTernak - 1,000m ViewSMARTernak: How It Works
BASE STATION
5 km coverage, 1000+
devices.
TRACKER
Catte-wearable tracker
contains a bunch of sensors
ENVIRONMENTAL
SENSORS
Collection of sensors to
monitor environmental
*optional*
FARM MANAGER /
OWNER / INVESTOR
http://smarternak.com by DycodeX
VIRTUAL FENCE
Contain and move cattle
without physical posts and
wires.
CLOUD
where the heavy-lifting
happens.
CARETAKER
One farmer/caretaker
can easily cover a
vast grazing area and
hundreds of cattle.

24. Apps

25. Dual IoT Connectivity
Short Range, Mesh-supported: 1 km WiFi,
Bluetooth v4.2, BLE
Long Range: LoRa/LoRaWAN or NB-IoT
Packed with Sensors
GPS / GNSS
Accelerometer, Gyroscope
Body Temperature
Ambient Temperature & Humidity
Barometric Pressure
Ambient Light
MEMS Microphone
Device Removal Detector
Powerhouse
Low Power, Dual Core Microcontroller
Smart Energy
Battery Gauge
Solar Energy Harvesting
Smart Switching Between
Main & Backup Battery
Firmware-optimised
power consumption
Cattle-wearable Device
Actuators
Audio Alert/Speaker
Color LED

26. In-House
Electronics board is 100% designed and
assembled in-house, by 100% Indonesian
Internals

27. Variants & Features
for Extensive Farming
SMARTernak
Tracking
Track location &
behaviour
Herd counting Virtual fencing Monitor & alert
health issues
Estimate
weight
Learn behaviour
(feeding, standing,
walking, etc)
Monitor
environmental
condition
for Intensive Farming
SMARTernak
Health

28. Local Reflex
GPS/GNSS sensor
Latitude
Longitude
Speed
Direction
Time
SpeakerMicrocontroller
Is location (lat, long) still
INSIDE the virtual fence
If NO, trigger high pitch sound to
herd cow back to virtual fence
Collection of
coordinates that
forms a virtual fence
VIRTUAL FENCE
Contain and move cattle
without physical posts and
wires.

29. Latitude, Longitude
Speed, Direction
Body temperature
Ambient temperature &
humidity
Ambient light
Ambient sound
Movement (Linear
acceleration, Angular velocity,
Direction)
Device removal status
Battery voltage & capacity
Conscious
Internet Internet

30. Artificial Intelligence on the Edge
Deep Neural Network
Motion captured by
Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensor
inside cattle-wearable device
Predicted activity
(standing, lying-down, feeding, and more)
App
IMU sensor
Learn & detect cattle behaviours
based on sensor data with the help of Artificial Intelligence

31. How to start implementing
IoT?

32. Do you really need one?
Need automated
reliable data
collecting?
Need automated
business
process?
First Thing First
Data collected
from remote area?
Over internet?
Do you need
prediction or
recommendation?
What about the
value? RoI?

33. Are the data
measurable?
What is expected
output?
Identify Data & Sources
Can data be
collected in
automated fashion,
reliably?
How big the data
size? The format?
Which data need
to send & store?
Data &
Sources

34. Identify Data & Sources: SMARTernak
Expected Output Data Source Data Type
Weight Gain Chest circumference Belt stretchiness
Feeding Behaviour Neck & jaw movement Linear & angular acceleration
Sickness detection Body heat Body temperature
Comfort Ambient environment
Ambient temperature, humidity,
luminosity
In-heat detection
Movement
Body heat
Moo sound
Linear & angular acceleration
Body temperature
Sound frequency

35. Sensors
By what you measure (measurand):
Magnetic strength, light intensity, sound wave
strength
By how you measure directly:
Voltage, chemical reaction, mechanical
displacement
By transduction for indirect measurement:
Thermoelectric, photoelectric
By higher level function:
Human gesture, voice recognition

36. Identify Sensors: SMARTernak
Expected Output Data Source Data Type Sensor
Weight Gain Chest circumference Belt stretchiness
Capacitive/resistive
stretch sensor
Feeding Behaviour Neck & jaw movement
Linear & angular
acceleration
Inertial Measurement
Unit (IMU) sensor
Sickness detection Body heat Body temperature Temperature sensor
Comfort Ambient environment
Ambient temperature,
humidity,
Luminosity
Temperature & humidity
sensor
Ambient light sensor
In-heat detection
Movement
Body heat
Moo sound
Linear & angular acceleration
Body temperature
Sound frequency
IMU sensor
Temperature sensor
Microphone

37. Identify Technology: Thing
Sensors MCU/MPU Energy Source
Actuators Network
Interface
Firmware
EnclosurePCB

38. Thing: Some Considerations (1)
Sensor Actuator Brain Energy Source
Measurement accuracy
Grade: industrial,
consumer
Power consumption
Protocol: digital, analog,
OneWire, I2C, SPI, UART
Dimension
Power consumption
Dimension
Protocol
Microcontroller or
Microprocessor
Core, clock/speed
Peripherals: GPIO, ADC,
DAC, I2C, I2C
Built-in memory: flash,
RAM, ROM
Power consumption
Dimension
Battery or Mains (AC)
Battery capacity
Energy harvesting

39. Thing: Some Considerations (2)
Network Interface Firmware Enclosure PCB
Power consumption
Data rate
Coverage/range
Programming language,
framework, Integrated
Development
Environment (IDE)
Runtime: native,
virtualized environment
Ingress Protection (IP)
rating:
IP65: Dust tight, water splash
resistant
IP67: Dust tight, water
immersion resistant
IP68: Dust tight, continuous
water submersion resistant
Material
Dimension, weight
How many layers
Component layout
Specific components
design guideline
Dimension
Material: flexible, fire-
retardant (FR)
Surface mount, through
hole

40. Disclaimer
Hardware is hard!

41. Prototyping
Use off the shelf development boards & modules
Iteration, iteration, iteration
A lot of it
Low volume production
Make sure you have to the tooling, find local Makerspaces
Mass production, yeay!
Find the right partners
Deployment & support
It’s time to put it all into the hand of users
Hardware: Development Process

42. Hardware: Developer Skillset
COSA Teensy Sming
Languages Frameworks Tools & IDEs
esp-idf

43. Hardware: Prototyping
ESPectro32 v2 NB-IoT Backpack
Get one: https://shop.makestro.com/product/espectro32-v2/ Get one: https://shop.makestro.com/product/nb-iot-backpack-pro/
Start prototyping with off the shelf development boards, modules, shields/accessories

44. Electronics/PCB design
Mechanical design & engineering
Material engineering
Product design
Roboticist
Test/Field engineering
RF/Network/Connectivity engineering
Industrial UI/UX engineering
Firmware development
AI/Machine Learning (for edge intelligence)
Security
Hardware: Skillset

45. So, in case of SMARTernak’s Thing, The Tech:
Sensors
GPS/GNSS, IMU, Body Temperature,
Environmental sensors, Microphone, etc
MCU/MPU
ESP32-based low power Microcontroller
ARM Cortex M4 for Edge Intelligence
Actuators
Color LED, Speaker
Network Interface
Short range: WiFi & Bluetooth
Long range: LoRa or NB-IoT
Energy Source
Rechargeable Battery
Energy harvesting from solar
Firmware
Developed with ESP-IDF framework
using Eclipse IDE
X-CUBE-AI
PCB
4 layers
Enclosure
Dust tight, water immersion resistant

46. Data Rate
Power
Range
Identify Technology: Connectivity
Hint: No connectivity technology that satisfies high data rate, long range, and low power, all in one pack.
Need to compromise

47. Data Rate
Data Rate vs Range
Range
Short Long
Low
High

48. Data Rate
Power
Data Rate vs Power
Low High
Low
High

49. Power
Power vs Range
Range
Short Long
Low
High

50. Low Power Long Range LPWA
Power
Power vs Range
Range
Short Long
Low
High

51. Need to cover vast cattle-farm area, relies on as little
gateways/BTS as possible
Coverage/Range
Data Rate
Exchanged data size between device and cloud is in
order of bytes. No need for high throughput
connectivity
Power
Devices is powered by a small battery (to reduce size)
that should last for months, year if possible
In case of SMARTernak’s Connectivity

52. Need to cover vast cattle-farm area, relies on as little
gateways/BTS as possible
Coverage/Range
Data Rate
Exchanged data size between device and cloud is in
order of bytes. No need for high throughput
connectivity
Power
Devices is powered by a small battery (to reduce size)
that should last for months, year if possible
In case of SMARTernak’s Connectivity
sounds like a great option!

53. IaaS, PaaS, or
SaaS?
General or
specific-purpose/
vertical?
Where’s the
data centre?
(To comply with
regulation)
Programmability,
SDKs, libraries,
docs?
Identify Technology: Cloud Platform
Pricing
Connectivity &
protocol options?Pure cloud, or
hybrid (with on-
premise) option?

54. Azure
IoT
and a whole
lot more…
Cloud Platform: Some Alternatives
Google Cloud IoT Oracle IoT

55. Azure IoT Offering
IoT Hub
IoT cloud gateway,
secure, bi-directional communication
IoT Central
Experience SaaS for IoT, with no
cloud expertise requiredn
IoT Edge
Extend intelligence from the cloud
to the edge devices
IoT Solution Accelerators
Capture and analyze untapped data
to improve business results
Azure Digital Twins
Create digital replicas of spaces and
infrastructure
Device Provisioning Service
Zero-touch, just-in-time provisioning
for Azure IoT Hub
Time Series Insights
Instantly explore and analyze
time-series data
Functions
Process events with serverless code
Event Grid
Get reliable event delivery at
massive scale
Machine Learning Services
Build, deploy, and manage machine
learning and AI models
Machine Learning Studio
Easily build, deploy, and manage
predictive analytics solutions
Stream Analytics
Real-time data stream processing
from millions of IoT devices
Logic Apps
Automate the access and use of data
across clouds without writing code
Notification Hubs
Send push notifications to any
platform from any back end
Azure Sphere
Create highly secured, connected
MCU-powered devices

56. Azure IoT Central
Azure IoT Central is a fully managed IoT SoFware-as-a-Service (SaaS) solution that makes it easy to
create products that connect the physical and digital worlds

57. LoRaWAN
Gateway
Network
Server
SMARTernak Cloud
(Application Server)
Backhaul
(Cellular, WiFi,
Ethernet)
Wearable
Devices
IoT Architecture Example: SMARTernak
Apps
LoRa
MQTT
HTTP,
WebSocket
Microsoft Azure
Trigger + Alert,
Ingestion
& Storage
Visualization
Devices & Firmware Mgt.
Security
Analytics + AI

58. Key Challenges
Source: https://iot-analytics.com/implementing-iot-technology-6-things/
Indeed the biggest challenge is to educate
farmer how to run the caXle-farm with tech
R&D took 10 months, deployment may take
2-4 weeks, suppo[ is subscription-based
Nu[ure the team and skill in-house, keep
improving.
Relies on built-in security features and best
practices within connectivity protocols,
]rmware SDK, and cloud pla_orm
Implement open standards as many as
possible
Implement ]rmware over-the-update (OTA)
from the day one
In case of SMARTernak:

59. Yet, it’s
exciting time
to jump
into IoT!

60. Interested in adopting
IoT?

61. *Disclaimer: I have no data of all players in Indonesia yet. Sorry if you’re not listed.
And I’m talking about electronics maker-related players
Join Communities
Indonesia
I n d o n e s i a
Maker4Nation
Indonesia

62. makestroid
makestroid
makestroid
makestro.com
An Indonesia Platform for Maker:
to “democratize” knowledge, hardware
kit, and software to help makers to start
making in hardware, to drive into
Internet of Things
Start Making at
Learning
Hardware
Marketplace
Software &
Cloud
Community
RIoT is Makestro’s program for nurturing IoT
makers, officially supported by Indonesia’s
Ministry of ICT

63. Andri
CEO, DycodeX
a (at) dycodex.com
or Hire Us

64. a@dycodex.com | https://dycodex.com
IoT & Maker Movement enabler
Jalan Sarikaso No. 6A, Bandung, Indonesia