1. Introduction to yoga:- The word Yoga is derived from the Sanskrit root “Yuj” meaning to bind, join, attach, to direct and concentrate one's attention on, to use and apply. It also means union. It is the true union of our will with the will of God.
The system of yoga is so called because it teaches the means by which the j1vatma can be united to, or be in union with the Paramatma, and so secure liberation (moksha).
Yoga has also been described as wisdom in work or skill full living amongst activities, harmony and moderation.
The term “yoga” in the western world often denotes a modern form of Hatha yoga and a posture based physical fitness, stress relief and relaxation technique, consisting largely of asanas.
Yoga is particularly classified into 4 periods of innovation, practice and development:-
a)Pre – classical period.
b)Classical period.
c)Post – classical period.
d)Modern period.
According to classical and modern period, yoga are divided into 12 types:-
1.Hatha yoga. 2.Sivananda Yoga.
3.Vinyasa yoga. 4.Viniyoga.
5.Ashtanga yoga. 6.Kundalini Yoga.
7.Power yoga. 8.Yin Yoga.
9.Bikram Yoga.
10.Jivamukti Yoga.
11.Iyengar yoga.
12.Anusara Yoga.
INTRODUCTION TO YOGA, DEFINITION,ORIGIN,THEORY OF EVOLUTION, ACCORDING TO SANKHY, ACCORDING TO YOGA
THE SCHOOLS OF YOGA, BHAVANA YOG, PRANASAMYAMA YOGA,APPLICATIONS OF YOGA, EDUCATION,THERAPY
STRESS MANAGEMENT
SPORTS
HEALTH PROMOTION
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF YOGA
INTRODUCTION TO YOGA, DEFINITION,ORIGIN,THEORY OF EVOLUTION, ACCORDING TO SANKHY, ACCORDING TO YOGA
THE SCHOOLS OF YOGA, BHAVANA YOG, PRANASAMYAMA YOGA,APPLICATIONS OF YOGA, EDUCATION,THERAPY
STRESS MANAGEMENT
SPORTS
HEALTH PROMOTION
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF YOGA
Yoga is a physical,Mental, and spiritual practice or discipline that express a variety of practices and goals. Yoga is a technique to control the body, weight loss boost the mind as well.
embodies unity of mind and body; thought and action; restraint and fulfillment; harmony between man and nature and a holistic approach to health and well-being. Yoga is not about exercise but to discover the sense of oneness with ourselves, the world and Nature.
Yoga is a physical,Mental, and spiritual practice or discipline that express a variety of practices and goals. Yoga is a technique to control the body, weight loss boost the mind as well.
embodies unity of mind and body; thought and action; restraint and fulfillment; harmony between man and nature and a holistic approach to health and well-being. Yoga is not about exercise but to discover the sense of oneness with ourselves, the world and Nature.
Practice of Yoga helps in getting better focus of mind. Meditation, being part of Yoga, teaches you how to focus better and achieve more from any activity. Dharana, which means narrowed focus on a subject by restricting Chitta (mind) is one of the 8 limbs of Ashtangayoga. It teaches you to get rid of all other thoughts from the mind and focus on the target. People have benefited enormously in terms of focus of mind by doing meditation (Dhyana) and Dharana throughout all ages.
The word yoga is regularly deciphered as "association" or a technique for discipline from the Sanskrit word "yuj" (to burden or tie). A male expert is known as a yogi, a female specialist, a yogini.
Yoga, part of Ayurvedic medicine, has been practiced for thousands.docxodiliagilby
Yoga, part of Ayurvedic medicine, has been practiced for thousands of years in India, where it is a way of life that includes ethical models for behavior and mental and physical exercises aimed at producing spiritual enlightenment. Although yoga developed from Hinduism, it is not a religion but rather a journey of the body, mind, and spirit on a path toward unity. It is a method for life that can complement and enhance any system of religion, or it can be practiced completely apart from religion. The Western approach to yoga tends to be more fitness
oriented, whereas the Eastern approach to yoga is to prepare people for the experience of self-realization. Most Westerners begin yoga with the goal of managing their stress, learning to relax, and increasing their vitality and well-being. After learning yoga, many become more interested in the underlying principles of physical fitness and keeping the mind focused, calm, and clear. Yoga is meant to prepare the body and mind for a useful, dedicated life.
BACKGROUND
The word yoga means to direct and concentrate one’s attention and comes from the Sanskrit word yuj, meaning “to yoke” or “to join.” Yoga was first described by Patanjali, an Indian sage who, thousands of years ago, wrote the Yoga Sutra, which recorded information that had been passed down orally for many years. This text has helped define and shape the modern practice of yoga. Yoga first came to the United States in the 1890s, when Swami Vivekananda became a popular teacher and guide. In the 1960s, the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, the developer of Transcendental Meditation, became a popular figure for the U.S. “hippie generation,” and interest in it has continued to grow since then (Smith, Hall, & Gibbs, 2013). The various methods of yoga all have the same goal: to attain a state of pure bliss and oneness with the universe. Raja yoga emphasizes control of the intellect to attain enlightenment, accomplished through meditation, concentra- tion, and breath control. Kriya yoga is the practice of quieting the mind through scriptural study, breath control, mantras, and meditation. Karma yoga focuses on service to all beings as the path to enlightenment. Bhakti yoga emphasizes devotion to the divine. Inana yoga’s goal is wisdom and the direct knowledge of the divine. Tantra yoga involves the study of sacred writings and rituals. Mantra yoga is the study of sacred sounds. Kundalini yoga is the study of energy movement along the spine. Iyengar yoga, a form of hatha yoga, strives for perfec- tion in the postures using props such as belts or ropes. Silver yoga and chair yoga are designed to accommodate those with reduced body flexibility such as older people or those with physical challenges. Restorative yoga is usually done in a lying or sitting position, which causes less physical strain. Props such as blan- kets, pillows, towels, balls, or straps support the poses and provide a gentle prolonged stretch. When combined with physical therapy the bene ...
Yoga Philosophy, Lifestyle & Ethics EXAMINATION
Sage Patanjali defines Yoga as the process of gaining control over the mind by cessation of the fluctuations (modifications) of the mind - “Yogah chittavritti nirodah”. By controlling mind, one can reach the original state - “Tada drastuh svarupe avasthanam”. The technique of mind control has tools to develop the power of concentration and focus that stops all the thoughts of the mind and allows one to perceive Paramatman.
Bhagavat Gita states that Yoga is dexterity in action as a result of calmness and awareness of mind. Perfection results from performing actions in
7 different types of yoga and their benefitsYogPro
While these styles of yoga all stem from the same historical roots, they are distinct in their focus and beliefs. Here are seven of most popular style:
Ashtanga
Kundalini
Hatha
Bikram
Kriya
Raja
Iyengar
Notes for Principles and Methods of Yoga Practices compiled from various sources by Reena and Dayanidy under guidance of Dr. Ananda Balayogi Bhavanani for DYEd, PGDY and PGDYT students.
Contents:-
1.Introduction
2.Types of Pancha kosha Theory.
3.Characteristics of Pancha Kosha Theory.
4.Classification of Pancha Kosha Theory.
5.States of Pancha Kosha Theory.
(i) introduction:-
Pancha kosha theory can be called the model of human being or the conceptualization of the human being, i.e., analysis of 5 layers.
It teaches us about the mechanism of the body, mind, and spirit, from the gross elements that make up the physical body to the more subtle aspects of the mind and consciousness.
“अन्नं प्राणो मनो बुद्धिर्– आनन्दश्चेति पञ्च ते । कोशास्तैरावृत्तः स्वात्मा, विस्मृत्या संसृतिं व्रजेत्”
(ii) Types of Pancha kosha theory:-
Annamaya kosha.
Pranamaya kosha.
Manomaya kosha.
Vijnamaya kosha.
Anandmaya kosha.
(a) Annamaya kosha:-
It consists of 5 elements which is known as Panch Mahabhutas namely earth, water, fire, wind and space. These five elements join together to form molecules, tissues and organs.
These follow null defined lanes of nature and are controlled by nervous (electrical) and hormones (chemical).
It is the mechanism to bring about movement and action in every cell.
(b) Pranamaya kosha:-
Prana, the vital energy is described here, it is not the material of electromagnetic energy spectrum known to modern sciences.
This Prana is the basic fabric of this universe both inside and out side our body.
A uniform harmonious flow of prana to each cell of the Annamaya kosha keep them alive and healthy.
There are five dimensions of Prana ( Apana, Prana, Udana, Samana, Vyana).
Apana:- The downward force called Apana which is responsible for urination.
Prana:- It is responsible for breathing movements.
Udana:- It is the upward force of the body which is responsible for upward activity like vomiting.
Samana:- It is responsible for proper digestion and balancing.
Vyana:- It is responsible for all activities in the periphery like nerve impulses, blood circulation and cellular activities.
(c) Manomaya kosha:-
It is the aspect of ones personality where the mind carries on its different functions such as memory, perception and ego (Manah, Chittah, Ahamkara).
Manah - is the active part that receives sensation/impressions gathered by the five senses of cognitions/ jnanendriyas (ज्ञानेंद्रिय).
Chittah- the things perceived through the five senses of cognition are stored in the chittah/memory as impressions. Hence chittah is the storehouse of karma and samskaras (impressions).
Ahamkara- is a sense of 'I' ness or the faculty of identity. It claims these impressions as its own and stores them as personal knowledge or identification of ourselves with the outer world, which comes with identifying ourselves with the body – Dehatma Bhava (देहात्मा भाव)(we think we are the body).
(d) Vijnamaya Kosha:-
It is the 4th layer of our reality which is development in human race greatly that differentiate man from animals.
We all have two minds. e.g., when the manomaya kosha said, ' It is a beautiful rose, I want to have it,' you started instructing your hand.
Types of electrotherapeutic current (unit 6)
1. Types of electrotherapeutic current :- There are three types of current used in electrotherapeutic purpose:-
Direct current.
Alternating current.
Pulsed current/ pulsatile current.
2. Characteristic features of electrotherapeutic current:- Wave Form:-
The shape of the single pulse or cycle phases as they appear on the graph of current (voltage) versus time is called wave form.
Mainly two types of characteristics are used to describe pulsed and alternating current wave forms:-
Descriptive (qualitative) characteristics.
Quantitative Characteristics.
3. Current modulations:- Changes in current characteristics may be sequential, intermittent or variable in nature and are referred to as modulations.
Amplitude modulation:- Variations in peak amplitude of a series of pulses.
4. Burst Current:- A finite series of pulses, a finite interval of alternation current delivered at a specific frequency over a specific time interval.
Burst duration (with interruption).
Inter burst interval (without interruption).
Continuous mode (without interruption).
Basics In electricity ( From Unit 1 to Unit 5).
Atoms and atomics structure.
Types of electricity.
Resistance.
Ohm’s law.
Condenser/ capacitor.
Inductors.
Magnetism.
EMI.
Valves.
Transformer.
it contains all the physiology of lung volume and capacity.
in this we study:-
introduction
lung volume
lung capacities
measurements of lung volume and capacities.
measurement of FRC and RV.
vital capacity.
FEV
RMV
MBC
PEFR
restrictive and obstructive respiratory disease.
This topic contain all the necessary thing will performing pulmonary rehabilitation program like :-
a) importance of breathing exercise.
b) managing shortness of breath.
c) activities of daily living and breathing control.
d) some other exercise program.
e) Tai Chi exercise program.
d) about heart, heart rate and pulse.
Effect of exercise on Cardiovascular system.
introduction.
type of exercise.
a) based on contraction of muscle.
b) based on the type of metabolism.
c) based on the severity of exercise.
effect of exercise on cardio vascular system:-
a) on blood.
b) on blood volume.
c) on heart rate.
d) on cardiac output.
e) on venous return.
f) on blood flow to skeletal muscles.
g) on blood pressure.
Blood pressure after exercise.
vivekanand quotes.
thank you.
Test to Check the lung volume capacity. It is also known as Pulmonary Function Test. Spirometery is also used to increase the Lung capacity and Respiratory Muscle Strength. This device also used as a Breathing training exercise and Breathing resistance Exercise.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
Navigating the Health Insurance Market_ Understanding Trends and Options.pdfEnterprise Wired
From navigating policy options to staying informed about industry trends, this comprehensive guide explores everything you need to know about the health insurance market.
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
Welcome to Secret Tantric, London’s finest VIP Massage agency. Since we first opened our doors, we have provided the ultimate erotic massage experience to innumerable clients, each one searching for the very best sensual massage in London. We come by this reputation honestly with a dynamic team of the city’s most beautiful masseuses.
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
4. The word Yoga is derived from the Sanskrit root “Yuj” meaning to bind, join,
attach, to direct and concentrate one's attention on, to use and apply. It also
means union. It is the true union of our will with the will of God.
The system of yoga is so called because it teaches the means by which the j1vatma
can be united to, or be in union with the Paramatma, and so secure liberation
(moksha).
Yoga has also been described as wisdom in work or skill full living amongst
activities, harmony and moderation.
The term “yoga” in the western world often denotes a modern form of Hatha yoga
and a posture based physical fitness, stress relief and relaxation technique,
consisting largely of asanas.
5. Yoga is particularly classified into 4 periods of innovation, practice and
development:-
(i) Pre – classical period.
(ii) Classical period.
(iii) Post – classical period.
(iv) Modern period.
6. The beginning of yoga were developed by the Indus – Sarasvati civilization in
Northern India more than 5000 year back.
The word yoga was initially mentioned in the old scared texts, The Rig Vedas.
The Vedas were a collection of writings containing songs, mantras, and rituals to
be utilized by Brahmans, the Vedic priests.
Yoga was gradually refined and enhanced by brahmans and rishis who achieved
their practices and convictions in Upanishads, an immense work containing more
than 200 scared scripture.
The Upanishads took the idea of ritual sacrifice from the Vedas and internalized
it, teaching the sacrifice of ego through self knowledge, action, and wisdom.
7. In this era, Yoga was a combination of various ideas, belief and techniques that
contradicted and conflict with each other.
The classical period of yoga is defined by Patanjali’s yoga sutras.
Patanjali organized the practice yoga into an “eight limbed path” containing steps
and stages towards obtaining Samadhi and enlightment.
8. A few centuries after, Patanjali yoga masters created a system of practices
designed to restore the body and prolong life.
They dismissed the lessons of old Vedas and held onto the physical body as the
way to achieve enlightenment.
They created Tantra Yoga, with radical methods to purify the body and mind to
break the knots that binds us to our physical existence.
9. In this era of yoga, masters began to travel to the west in late 1800s and early
1900s.
This began at the 1893 Parliament of religions in Chicago, when Swami
Vivekananda impressed the attendees with his lectures on yoga and the
university of the world’s religion.
In 1920s and 30s, Hatha yoga was strongly promoted in India with the work of
T.Krishnamacharya, Swami Sivananda and other yogi practicing Hatha yoga.
10. According to classical and modern period, yoga are divided into 12 types:-
(1) Hatha yoga. (9) Sivananda Yoga.
(2) Vinyasa yoga. (10) Viniyoga.
(3) Ashtanga yoga. (11) Kundalini Yoga.
(4) Power yoga. (12) Yin Yoga.
(5) Bikram Yoga.
(6) Jivamukti Yoga.
(7) Iyengar yoga.
(8) Anusara Yoga.
11. This is one of the oldest form of yoga
which includes the practice of asanas
(posture) and pranayama (breathing
exercise) which brings peace to mind
and body, and helps prepare the body
for deeper spiritual practices such as
meditation.
12. An active and athletic style of yoga
adapted from the traditional
ashtanga system in the late 1980s. It
essentially means movement
synchronized with breath and is a
vigorous style based on the rapid
flow through sun salutation. It also
refers to the continuous flow from
one posture to another.
13. It is a system of yoga that was
brought to modern world by Sri K.
Pattabi Jois. This form of yoga
includes six series and each series is
a set sequences of asanas, always in
the same order. It is typically fast
placed, vigorous and physically
challenging.
14. It is described as vigorous, vinyasa
yoga. Power yoga’s popularity has
spread across the globe and is now
taught everywhere. Because the
style can vary, it is recommended
that you consult the individual
instructor before performing it.
15. It consists of 26 postures and 2
breathing techniques. This style of
yoga helps flush toxins manage
weight and allow performers to move
deeply into postures.
16. This type of yoga is created in 1894.
Chanting, meditation, readings and
assurance are done in this style of
yoga.
17. Poses are held much longer in this
form of yoga in an effort to pay closer
attention to precise musculoskeletal
alignment within each asanas.
Another trademark of Iyengar yoga
is the use of props, such as Blocks,
Belts, Chairs and Blankets, which is
used to accommodate injuries
tightness or structural imbalances as
well as teach students how to move
properly into a posture.
18. The Anusara style is a new system of
Hatha that teaches a set of universal
principle of alignment that underlie
all yoga posture, while encouraging
flowing with grace and following
your heart. It is broadly categorized
into three parts known as Three A’s
and they include Attitude, Alignment
and Action.
19. It is typically begin with Savasana,
Kapal Bharti and Anuloma Viloma,
followed by a few round of Surya
namaskar. Then it move through
Sivananda’s twelve asanas, which
together are designed to Increase
strength and flexibility of spine.
Chanting and meditation can also be
a part of it.
20. It refers to an approach to yoga that
adapts the various means and
methods of practice to the unique
condition, need and interest of the
individual. This style of yoga helps in
self discipline and personal
transformation.
21. Kundalini incorporates multiple
movement or exercise, dynamic
breathing practices, chanting,
meditation and mantras. Each
specific kundalini exercise referred
to as a kriya, is a movement that is
often repeated and is synchronized
with the breath. The practice is
designed to awaken the energy at
the base of the spine in order to draw
it upward through each of the seven
chakras.
22. It is slow placed style in which poses
are held for five minutes or longer.
Even through it is passive, yin yoga
can be quite challenging due to long
duration holds, particularly if your
body is not used to it. The purpose is
to apply moderate stress to the
connective tissue, the tendons, fascia
and ligaments with the aim of
increasing circulation in the joints
and improving flexibility.
23.
24. The eight limb system form sequences from the outer to the inner.
The posture, asana, must be steady and comfortable for a long time, in order for
the Yogi to practice the limbs from pranayama until samadhi.
Patanjali’s classification of classical yoga, as set out in his Yoga Sutra’s.
Patanjali defined 8 limbed as:-
(i) Yama's. (vi) Dharana.
(ii) Niyama. (vii) Dhyana.
(iii) Asana. (viii) Samadhi.
(iv) Pranayama.
(v) Pratyahara.
25. It is the ethical rule in Hinduism and can be thought of as moral imperatives.
The five Yama’s listed by Patanjali in yoga sutra:-
(i) Ahimsa:- Non – violence.
(ii) Satya:- Truthfulness.
(iii) Asteya:- Non – stealing.
(iv) Brahmacharya.
(v) Aparigraha:- Non – possessiveness.
26. It is the second components of Patanjali’s yoga path, which includes virtuous
habits and observances.
Some of the Niyama are:-
(i) Shaucha:- Clearness of mind.
(ii) Santosha:- Optimism for self.
(iii) Tapas:- Self discipline.
(iv) Savdhyaya:- Study of self.
(v) Ishvarapranidhana.
27. It is a posture that can be hold for a period of time, staying relaxed, steady,
comfortable and motionless.
Over a thousand year asanas was taught by Shiva, stating four of these as most
important:-
(i) Siddhasana (accomplished).
(ii) Padmasana (lotus).
(iii) Simhasana (lion).
(iv) Bhadrasana (glorious).
In modern yoga, asanas are prominent and numerous, unlike in any earlier form
of yoga.
28. Pranayama is the control of the breath.
It is the practice of consciously regulating the breath (inhalation, the full pause,
exhalation and the empty pause).
29. Prati – Against.
Ahara – Bring near.
It is the process of retracting the sensory experiences from external objects.
It empowers one to stop being controlled by the external world, fetch one’s
attention to seek self – knowledge and experience the freedom innate in ones’s
inner world.
30. Means concentration, introspective focus and one – pointedness of mind.
Dharana as the 6th limb of yoga, is holding one’s mind onto a particular inner
state, subject or topic of one’s mind.
31. It means reflection, abstract meditation.
Dhyana is integrally related to dharana, one leads to other.
It is the process of mind which is distinct from dharana in that the mediator
becomes actively engaged with its focus.
32. It means “putting together, joining, combining with, union, harmonious whole,
trance”.
When meditating on an object, only the object of awareness is present, and the
awareness that one is meditating disappears.
Samadhi is of two kinds:-
(i) Samprajnata Samadhi:- with support of an object of meditation.
(ii) Asamprajnata Samadhi:- without support of an object of meditation.
33. Main philosophy of yoga is simple: mind, body and spirit are all one and cannot be
clearly separated.
Yoga philosophy is similar to Buddhism, believe that spiritual ignorance creates
suffering and binds us to wheel of samsara.
The central philosophical teaching of yoga resolve around the practice of mental
discernment, detachment, spiritual knowledge and self awareness.
The Law of Karma is central to philosophy of yoga. Karma is the glue that attach
us to wheel of samsara, which extension our suffering and delusion of maya.
Yoga philosophy also incorporates the concepts of the subtle body and spiritual
energies of prana and kundalini moving through the nandis and chakras. Hatha
yoga is especially steeped in the concepts of this energy anatomy.