Introduction of Animal Husbandry for animal science.pptx

What is the history of
animal domestication?
 Animal domestication is the process of
removing animals from wild settings and
raising them in a controlled environment.
 Domestication usually results
in all members of a species
being domesticated.
 Animals that have not been domesticated
are known as wildlife.

 A member of a species that was once
domesticated but has returned to live in
the wild is a feral animal.
 Examples of feral animals are
wild dogs and wild horses.
 Domesticated animals depend on humans
to provide for most of their needs, such as
a good pasture for cattle.

 1. People began domestication because
having a consistent food supply was
easier if animals did not have to be
hunted.
People started to manage animals
and found it easier to care for them
and to understand their needs.
They also found it easier to raise
them and use them to help meet
human needs.

 2. Domestication allowed people to use
animals for power in pulling loads.
Many early cattle served as triple-purpose
breeds.
Draft purpose was one of the
essential functions.
Horses, donkeys, and even
goats served a draft purpose.

 3. Some animals and their owners developed
“attachments” to each other.
 The animals became companion animals.
 A companion animal is an animal kept by a human
for enjoyment in a long-term relationship.
 Companion animals are frequently called pets.
 Examples of companion animals are dogs, cats.
 Horses and other animals may be raised for
recreation and/or companion relationships.

 B. Domestication continues today, with new
species now undergoing the process.
 An example is elk.
 Some people are beginning to farm elk,
though most elk still exist in the wild.
 Bison and some fish are other examples
of species being domesticated.
 Some types of monkeys are bred for pet trade.
 Llamas are bred with alpacas for a woollier coats.
 The production of fennec foxes, albino hedgehogs,
and mutant hairless guinea pigs are examples of how
domestication continues today.

What are the important
segments of the animal
industry?
 The animal Husbandry is all the activities in
producing animals and their products or benefits
to meet the needs of people.
 A. Many competencies are needed to assure
that animals receive care that promotes their
well-being.
 People need to understand the unique characteristics
of the species they are producing.
 B. The animal husbandry has several important
areas.
 These contribute to animal production for maximum
human benefit.

industry?
 1. Animal production is the
production of animals for food
and other uses, such as
companionship.
 The kinds of animals produced and the
nature of production practices vary,
depending on interests and technology.
 Production may be quite specialized to
provide a specific animal product.

industry?
 a. Livestock encompasses mammals
raised on farms and/or ranches for food
and other human purposes.
Cattle, swine, sheep, horses, and
goats are often produced on large-
scale farms.
Less common species, such as
llamas and elk, are usually produced on
small-scale farms.

industry?
 b. Companion animals serve
as pets.
 Among the most popular are dogs,
cats, fish, rabbits, and hamsters.
 Some companion animals can act as service animals
to humans.
 Service animals are animals that assist people in
living and work.
 They are used in many ways and may be given
special training.
 Examples are dogs that assist people who are
visually impaired.

industry?
 c. Poultry is the group name
for all domesticated birds
used for meat, eggs, and
feathers.
Poultry is also referred to as birds and fowl.
These birds have wings, backbones, and
feathers; some can even swim.
 d. Other animals produced for specific
reasons include food fish, laboratory
animals, and exotic animals.

industry?
 2. Animal supplies is the area of the
animal industry that provides the inputs
(goods or products) needed to produce
animals.
These goods or products
typically come from sources
of the production facility.
Examples are feed, medicine,
and equipment.

industry?
 3. Animal services is the area of the
animal industry that includes the
professional and technical assistance that
producers need and use in efficiently
producing animals.
Examples of service
providers are
veterinarians, farriers,
and shearers.

industry?
 4. Animal marketing is all the processes
involved in assuring that consumers have
the desired animal products.
It includes activities in transporting, grading,
selling, etc.
Marketing is the link between the producer
and the consumer.

industry?
 5. Animal processing is the preparation of
animals and animal products for human use or
consumption.
 It is closely related to marketing.
 The functions vary with the product.
 Milk, eggs, wool, and meat go through
different processes in preparation
for consumption.
 Some animals, such as those for
companionship, safety, or service, do not produce
products.

What are the components
necessary to provide appropriate
animal care and well-being?
 Successful animal production requires
care and management.
 A. Animal well-being is an important part of
care and management.
Animal well-being is the result of caring for
an animal so all of its needs are met and it
does not suffer.
Steps must be taken to make the animal
healthy, such as providing proper feed and
water.

 B. Several areas are important in animal care and
management.
 These are related to producing animals successfully.
 With study and experience, individuals can develop the
knowledge and skill needed to provide care and
management.
 1. Animal selection is the choosing of animals to
achieve desired goals.
 This includes the selection of animals for specific characteristics
and of animals adapted to the situation in which they will be
raised.
 Profitability for commercial animal producers requires the
production of quality animals.

 2. Animal nutrition is the study of the kind and
amount of feed and water an animal needs and
how the animal uses food substances.
 The needs of animals are dependent on
age and condition.
 There are several important factors to
an animal’s ration.
 A ration is an animal’s diet or what an animal eats
each day.
 It is important to have a properly balanced ration,
especially for young animals and lactating females.

 3. Animal health is the condition in which the
animal is free of disease and all body systems
are functioning properly.
 Good nutrition and a good
environment promote health.
 Vaccination and other health-
promoting management are beneficial.
 Producers know the importance of prevention.
 Disease among animals can be difficult to treat, can
be costly, and can decrease production.

 4. Animal reproduction is the process by which
offspring are produced.
 Understanding reproductive processes of the species
is essential for successful animal production.
 5. Animal environment is the surroundings in
which an animal is living.
 Some animals are adapted to the natural weather
environment; other animals need housing and
protection.
 Animal environment includes the surroundings in
which an animal is placed temporarily, such as in
hauling, handling, penning, and other situations
involved in production.

How are common livestock and
companion animals classified?
 Animals are classified by species, age,
and sexual state.
It is important to use the
appropriate names when
referring to animals.
 A. Age is a means of
determining the difference between
mature animals and immature animals.
 B. Sexual state is another way of
classifying animals.

 1. Male or female is one distinction.
 2. Another distinction is whether an animal
is in its natural sexual state or whether it
has undergone sexual alteration known as
neutering.
An animal is neutered to prevent it from
reproducing or to cause it to express desired
traits.
For example, neutering may increase the rate
of growth and the quality of meat.

Two types of neutering are castration and
spaying.
 a. Castration is the removal or destruction of the
testicles of a male so it does not breed.
 b. Spaying is the removal of the ovaries or the
cutting of the fallopian tubes of a female so an egg
cannot enter the uterus, where it may be fertilized
and develop as an embryo and fetus.

 C. The following are common names of cattle.
 1. A mature male is a bull.
 2. A mature female is a cow.
 3. A young male is a bull.
 4. A young female is a heifer.
 5. A castrated male is a steer.
 6. A newborn is a calf.
 7. A group of cattle is a herd.

 K. The following are common names of horses.
 1. A mature male is a
stallion.
 2. A mature female is a mare.
 3. A young male is a colt.
 4. A young female is a filly.
 5. A castrated male is a gelding.
 6. A newborn is a foal.
 7. A group of horses is a herd.

 D. The following are common names of goats.
 1. A mature male is a buck.
 2. A mature female is a doe.
 3. A young male is a buck kid.
 4. A young female is a doeling.
 5. A castrated male is a wether.
 6. A newborn is a kid.
 7. A group of goats is a herd.

 E. The following are common names of sheep.
 1. A mature male is a ram.
 2. A mature female is a ewe.
 3. A young male is a ram lamb.
 4. A young female is a ewe lamb.
 5. A castrated male is a wether.
 6. A newborn is a lamb.
 7. A group of sheep is a flock.

 G. The following are common names of
chickens.
 1. A mature male is a rooster.
 2. A mature female is a hen.
 3. A young male is a cockerel.
 4. A young female is a pullet.
 5. A castrated male is a capon.
 6. A newborn is a chick.
 7. A group of chickens is a flock.

 H. The following are common names of
turkeys.
1. A mature male is a tom.
2. A mature female is a hen.
3. A young male is a tom poult.
4. A young female is a hen poult.
5. A newborn is a poult.
6. A group of turkeys is a flock.

Review
 What is the history of animal
domestication?
 What are the important
industry?

Review
 What are the components
necessary to provide
appropriate animal care and
well-being?
 How are common livestock and

Introduction of Animal Husbandry for animal science.pptx

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