This document provides a history of orthodontics, beginning with ancient Egyptians using crude metal bands and catgut for orthodontic purposes. It discusses key figures like Pierre Fauchard who developed the first orthodontic appliance in 1723. Edward Angle is described as the "Father of Modern Orthodontics" for founding the first orthodontic school and journal in 1900. The document also outlines various orthodontic theories and innovations over time, including Buonocore proposing the acid etch technique in 1955 and the discovery of nitinol in 1962.

1. Introduction TO
ORTHODONTICS
DR JAYA SINGH

2. • Orthodontics
Greek word
Orthos = to correct /straight
odontos = tooth/teeth

3. • Orthodontia Le-Foulan french man(1839)
• Orthodontics Sir James Murray

4. DEFINITION
• Noyes (1911) defined orthodontics as "the study of
the relation of the teeth to the development of
the face, and the correction of arrested and
perverted development”.

5. British Society of Orthodontists
(1922)
"Orthodontics includes the study of growth and development
of the jaws and face particularly, and the body generally, as
influencing the position of the teeth; the study of action and
reaction of internal and external influences on the
development, and the prevention and correction of arrested
and perverted development."

6. ABO definition
• "Orthodontics is that specific area of the dental profession that has as its
responsibility the study and supervision of the growth and development
of the dentition and its related anatomical structures from birth to
dental maturity, including all preventive and corrective procedures of
dental irregularities requiring the repositioning of teeth by functional
and mechanical means to establish normal occlusion and pleasing facial
contours."

7. • Preventive orthodontics
• Interceptive orthodontics
• Corrective orthodontics
• Surgical orthodontics
Branches of orthodontics

8. Aims of orthodontic treatment
• WHO 1948, describes health as “a state of complete
physical, mental and social well-being and not merely
the absence of disease or infirmity.”

9. Jackson’s triad
Structural
balance
Esthetic
harmony
Functional
effeciency

10. Sequelae of Malocclusion
1. Poor Facial appearance
2. Psychological disturbance
3. Risk of caries
4. Predisposition to periodontal diseases
5. Risk of trauma
6. Abnormalities of Masticatory function.
7. Difficulty in Prosthetic rehabilitation

11. 9. Mouth breathing and sequels
10. Abnormal speech
11. Abnormal muscles
12. Habits
13. Tmj disorders
14. Tooth impaction and sequels

12. Scope of orthodontics
1. Alteration of tooth position
2. Alteration of skeletal pattern
3. Alteration of soft tissue envelope

13. Envelope of discrepancy
Orthodontic treatment
Growth modulation
surgical

14. History

15. • Orthodontics had its beginnings in the time of the ancient Egyptians, who
used crude metal bands and catgut.
• Crowded, irregular, and protruding teeth have been a problem for some
individuals since antiquity, and attempts to correct this disorder go back
at least to 1000 BC.

16. • Archaeologists have discovered Egyptian mummies with crude
metal bands wrapped around individual teeth. It is speculated
that catgut was used to close the gaps. (about 5,000 bc)

17. • Primitive (and surprisingly well-
designed)orthodontic appliances have been
found with Greek and Etruscan artefacts. (500
BC)

18. • Aulius Cornelius Celsus (25 BC to AD 50) When in a child a permanent
tooth appears before the fall of the milk tooth, it is necessary to dissect the
gum all around the latter and extract it.
• The other tooth must then be pushed with the finger, day by day, toward the
place that was occupied by the one extracted; and this is to be continued until
it reaches its proper position
• The earliest description of irregularities of the teeth was given about 400 bc
by Hippocrates (460-377 BC).

19. • Pierre Fauchard, “Founder of Modern Dentistry”. and
“Father of Orthodontia.”
• In 1723, he developed what is probably the first orthodontic
appliance. It was called a bandelette.
• It was designed to expand the arch, particularly the anterior teeth
and was the forerunner of the expansion arch of modern times. The
Surgeon Dentist: A Treatise on the Teeth.

20. Pierre Fauchard
bandelette.
1st orthodontic appliance
“Founder of Modern Dentistry”.
“Father of Orthodontia”

21. • John Hunter (1728-1793;) He was the first
to describe normal occlusion to attempt to classify the
teeth. He established the difference between teeth and
bone and gave the teeth names like cuspidati and
bicuspidati

22. • Joachim Lefoulon, a Frenchman, : orthodontosie (1841),
which roughly translates into orthodontia.
• M. Alexis Schange , in 1842, developed, rubber bands.
He also coined the term ANCHORAGE.

23. Edward H. Angle (1855-1930).

24. • The most dominant, dynamic, and influential figure in orthodontics
was Edward H. Angle (1855-1930).
• He is regarded as the “Father of Modern Orthodontics.”
• Probably no other man in dentistry did more to foster this branch of
dental science as a specialty, causing its separation from general
practice and advocating it as a recognized and distinct science.

26. • Founded (1900) the first postgraduate school of orthodontics (angle
school of orthodontia).
• He also founded the first orthodontic journal. The american
orthodontist
• Angle’s classification, published in dental cosmos (1899), remains the
most widely accepted classification of malocclusions.

27. Angles appliance
• Appliances e-arch (1900)
• The Pin-and-tube appliance (1910)
• The Ribbon arch (1916)
• Edgewise appliance (1925)

28. • P. Raymond Begg
originated popular
multiloop technique and
was longtime leader in
Australian orthodontics.

29. • Australia, P. Raymond Begg (1889-1983; . Practicing in
Adelaide, developed his own bracket (1933), which was
essentially a ribbon-arch bracket turned upside down.
• Begg with Wilcox -Australian stainless steels.

30. • In 1955 Buonocore proposes the use of a 30-second,
85% phosphoric acid etch to enhance bonding of
acrylic materials to enamel surfaces.
• Dewey modifiction of angle classification

31. • 1962 Buehler discovers nitinol (Unitek Corporation licenses the
patent ,1974) at the Naval Ordinance Laboratory, so-called because it
was an acronym for Nickel-Titanium Naval Ordnance Laboratory.
• The first practitioner to use functional jaw orthopedics to treat a
malocclusion was Pierre Robin (1902).

32. THEORIES
• Genetic theory [Brodie-1941]
• Cartilaginous theory [James Scott-1953]
• Sutural dominance theory [H.Sicher-1955]
• Enlow’s expanding “ V ’’ principle.(1955)
• Functional matrix theory. [Melvin moss-1962]
• Neurotrophism mechanism (Behrents-1976)
• Servo system theory Petrovic (1982 )