Discourse analysis studies how language is used in real-world contexts and interactions to accomplish social actions and shape understandings. It examines both written and spoken language use across various domains. Several key approaches to discourse analysis include speech act theory, interactional sociolinguistics, ethnography of communication, pragmatics, conversation analysis, and variationist sociolinguistics. Discourse analysts seek to understand how language both reflects and constructs social phenomena through close analysis of natural language data.
The History of the Study of Intercultural Communication
General Understanding of Culture
Attributes and Character of Culture
Directions and Goals of Culture
The History of the Study of Intercultural Communication
General Understanding of Culture
Attributes and Character of Culture
Directions and Goals of Culture
(1) Dimensions of DiversityFor years, the term diversity ha.docxgertrudebellgrove
(1) Dimensions of Diversity
For years, the term diversity has been associated with specific parameters such as race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, etc. It is important that we continue to understand those dimensions of diversity to evolve our conversation to more global aspects of our cultural selves. The graphic (click to enlarge) illustrates many dimensions of diversity that you may or may not have thought about.
For your initial discussion post think of diversity in all of its dimensions and discuss the concept of “difference.” What does it mean to be “different”? How do you determine who or what is different? Be sure to address the following:
1. In your family (extended, or otherwise), community, and workplace, what dimensions do you think of when you think someone is “different” than you? Do you focus on different dimensions depending on those three contexts?
2. Of those dimensions you think of, which can be changed and which cannot be changed?
3. Of those dimensions you think of, which are visible and which are non-visible? What are the advantages and disadvantages to having non-visible dimensions of diversity rather than visible ones?
Your initial discussion post should be at least 300 words (about three paragraphs).
Initial Post Checklist:
· Did you use scholarly resources to support your work?
· Did you discuss each area in the instruction and Grading Rubric?
· Did you use APA?
(2) My Cultural Self
Who we are today is in large part defined by our cultures, societal connections, customs, and morals we learned as children. In our life journey we continually redefine our identities as we encounter more experiences and more people.
For this discussion post, discuss the concept of “culture.” Include the following:
1. How would you define “culture”? Discuss all the various ways you can consider culture (personal, geographic, organizational, etc.).
2. With which cultures do you most identify? What are the internal and external characteristics of your culture(s)?
3. What cultural norms did you learn as a child? What stereotypes are connected to those cultures?
Your initial discussion post should be at least 300 words (about three paragraphs).
Initial Post Checklist:
· Did you use scholarly resources to support your work?
· Did you discuss each area in the instruction and Grading Rubric?
· Did you use APA?
Required Text
Digital Resource (Links to an external site.)
: American Psychological Association. (2010).
Publication manual of the American Psychological Association
(6th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Constellation
: Kahn, A. (2015).
The ecology of diversity: Examining individuals, societies, and cultures
. San Diego, CA. Bridgepoint Education.
Constellation
: Sole, K., & Landrum, R. E. (2015).
Academic research and writing: A guide for the social sciences
. San Diego, CA. Bridgepoint Education.
Required Resources
Bloom, P. (2014, January).
Can prejudice ever.
My TA commentWhile this is an interesting topic, I think it fal.docxroushhsiu
My TA comment:
While this is an interesting topic, I think it falls outside the scope of the class. You need to be looking at a speech community and the resources you cite are looking at different aspects of the interaction between music and language. Crucially, all of the music perspectives reflect groups of people that do not necessarily share a linguistic dialect or register. Perhaps refocus to an ethnolect associated with a music genre (i.e. AAVE and Hip Hop). The question perhaps you can think about is whether Hip Hop is redefining language, or if the language usage in the African American community as well as their tradition of linguistic creativity filters into Hip Hop.
you may address include: What languages are now used in your chosen area? What educational opportunities are there (e.g., dual immersion, classes to support English language learning)? Are there language revitalization/maintenance efforts underway? What U.S. policies or cultural patterns have had a hand in the current state of the speech community?
TOPPIC:
Languages and Cultures of America Field Research Project: local communities and their language practices
For this assignment,1 you will leave the UCSD area to learn more about one of the topics or speech communities we’ve talked about in this class. This is a two-part research paper which will involve performing some research on your field visit (i.e., your visit to some area outside of the UCSD campus) as well as further research into the speech community you have chosen.
In our class, the focus is language and culture. The field visit will give you further insight into cultural and historical dimensions of an American community. The goal is to allow you to perform an in-depth exploration of a speech community that is of particular interest to you. By exploring San Diego County, you can situate the experiences we discuss in class within a more local perspective. Your additional research will then complement this with information on the sociolinguistic context of the community you have chosen. Some questions you may address include: What languages are now used in your chosen area? What educational opportunities are there (e.g., dual immersion, classes to support English language learning)? Are there language revitalization/maintenance efforts underway? What U.S. policies or cultural patterns have had a hand in the current state of the speech community?
For this assignment, you will need to do the following:
1. Visit a relevant place of interest (the topic of your paper should be tied to an American context; for a non-exhaustive list of places you could visit, see page 3 of this document)
2. Write a short research paper in which you:
a. Describe the location of your visit in detail (i.e. park, museum, etc.)
b. Discuss what you learned by visiting.
c. Explain how the place you visited is relevant to a course topic (incorporate course concepts)
d. Complement what you learned on your visit with further re ...
How do you know what I mean?: Psycholinguistics of spoken language communicat...ChigusaKurumada
This is an overview lecture on my research laboratory's ongoing projects https://kinderlab.bcs.rochester.edu/. We study how people understand what others are "meaning" to say (e.g., emotions and intentions) behind chosen words. Here I am focusing on roles of intonation and cadence of speech. I introduce some behavioral and computational approaches we apply and then talk a little bit about how we can apply them to investigate linguistic communication in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
(1) Dimensions of DiversityFor years, the term diversity ha.docxgertrudebellgrove
(1) Dimensions of Diversity
For years, the term diversity has been associated with specific parameters such as race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, etc. It is important that we continue to understand those dimensions of diversity to evolve our conversation to more global aspects of our cultural selves. The graphic (click to enlarge) illustrates many dimensions of diversity that you may or may not have thought about.
For your initial discussion post think of diversity in all of its dimensions and discuss the concept of “difference.” What does it mean to be “different”? How do you determine who or what is different? Be sure to address the following:
1. In your family (extended, or otherwise), community, and workplace, what dimensions do you think of when you think someone is “different” than you? Do you focus on different dimensions depending on those three contexts?
2. Of those dimensions you think of, which can be changed and which cannot be changed?
3. Of those dimensions you think of, which are visible and which are non-visible? What are the advantages and disadvantages to having non-visible dimensions of diversity rather than visible ones?
Your initial discussion post should be at least 300 words (about three paragraphs).
Initial Post Checklist:
· Did you use scholarly resources to support your work?
· Did you discuss each area in the instruction and Grading Rubric?
· Did you use APA?
(2) My Cultural Self
Who we are today is in large part defined by our cultures, societal connections, customs, and morals we learned as children. In our life journey we continually redefine our identities as we encounter more experiences and more people.
For this discussion post, discuss the concept of “culture.” Include the following:
1. How would you define “culture”? Discuss all the various ways you can consider culture (personal, geographic, organizational, etc.).
2. With which cultures do you most identify? What are the internal and external characteristics of your culture(s)?
3. What cultural norms did you learn as a child? What stereotypes are connected to those cultures?
Your initial discussion post should be at least 300 words (about three paragraphs).
Initial Post Checklist:
· Did you use scholarly resources to support your work?
· Did you discuss each area in the instruction and Grading Rubric?
· Did you use APA?
Required Text
Digital Resource (Links to an external site.)
: American Psychological Association. (2010).
Publication manual of the American Psychological Association
(6th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Constellation
: Kahn, A. (2015).
The ecology of diversity: Examining individuals, societies, and cultures
. San Diego, CA. Bridgepoint Education.
Constellation
: Sole, K., & Landrum, R. E. (2015).
Academic research and writing: A guide for the social sciences
. San Diego, CA. Bridgepoint Education.
Required Resources
Bloom, P. (2014, January).
Can prejudice ever.
My TA commentWhile this is an interesting topic, I think it fal.docxroushhsiu
My TA comment:
While this is an interesting topic, I think it falls outside the scope of the class. You need to be looking at a speech community and the resources you cite are looking at different aspects of the interaction between music and language. Crucially, all of the music perspectives reflect groups of people that do not necessarily share a linguistic dialect or register. Perhaps refocus to an ethnolect associated with a music genre (i.e. AAVE and Hip Hop). The question perhaps you can think about is whether Hip Hop is redefining language, or if the language usage in the African American community as well as their tradition of linguistic creativity filters into Hip Hop.
you may address include: What languages are now used in your chosen area? What educational opportunities are there (e.g., dual immersion, classes to support English language learning)? Are there language revitalization/maintenance efforts underway? What U.S. policies or cultural patterns have had a hand in the current state of the speech community?
TOPPIC:
Languages and Cultures of America Field Research Project: local communities and their language practices
For this assignment,1 you will leave the UCSD area to learn more about one of the topics or speech communities we’ve talked about in this class. This is a two-part research paper which will involve performing some research on your field visit (i.e., your visit to some area outside of the UCSD campus) as well as further research into the speech community you have chosen.
In our class, the focus is language and culture. The field visit will give you further insight into cultural and historical dimensions of an American community. The goal is to allow you to perform an in-depth exploration of a speech community that is of particular interest to you. By exploring San Diego County, you can situate the experiences we discuss in class within a more local perspective. Your additional research will then complement this with information on the sociolinguistic context of the community you have chosen. Some questions you may address include: What languages are now used in your chosen area? What educational opportunities are there (e.g., dual immersion, classes to support English language learning)? Are there language revitalization/maintenance efforts underway? What U.S. policies or cultural patterns have had a hand in the current state of the speech community?
For this assignment, you will need to do the following:
1. Visit a relevant place of interest (the topic of your paper should be tied to an American context; for a non-exhaustive list of places you could visit, see page 3 of this document)
2. Write a short research paper in which you:
a. Describe the location of your visit in detail (i.e. park, museum, etc.)
b. Discuss what you learned by visiting.
c. Explain how the place you visited is relevant to a course topic (incorporate course concepts)
d. Complement what you learned on your visit with further re ...
How do you know what I mean?: Psycholinguistics of spoken language communicat...ChigusaKurumada
This is an overview lecture on my research laboratory's ongoing projects https://kinderlab.bcs.rochester.edu/. We study how people understand what others are "meaning" to say (e.g., emotions and intentions) behind chosen words. Here I am focusing on roles of intonation and cadence of speech. I introduce some behavioral and computational approaches we apply and then talk a little bit about how we can apply them to investigate linguistic communication in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Sectors of the Indian Economy - Class 10 Study Notes pdf
Intro to DA revised.pptx
1. WHAT IS DISCOURSEANALYSIS?
Discourse analysis study the ways sentences and
utterances (speech) go together to make texts and
interactions and how those texts and interactions fit
into our social world.
It should be noticed also that discourse analysis is
not just the study of language, but a way of looking at
language as well.
2. Thisway of lookingat languageis basedon four mainassumptions:
1)Languageisambiguous. Whatthingsmean is neverabsolutelyclear.
2)Languageisalways‘intheworld’. That is,what languagemeans is
alwaysa matter of whereandwhenit is used.
3)Thewaywe uselanguageisinseparablefromwhoweareand
The differentsocialgroupsto whichwe belong.
4)Languageisneverusedallby itself. It isalways combinedwith other
thingssuch asour toneof voice,facialexpressionsandgestureswhenwe
speak,andthefonts,layoutandgraphicswe usein writtentexts.
3. Definitions of Discourse (1)
A particularunit of language (above the
sentence), or discourse in structure;
A particularfocus on language use, discourse as
function.
4. Discourse as structure ?
Problem:you can have a unit which looks like a sentence but doesn’t
mean anything
e.g. Colourless green ideassleep furiously
… but on the other hand the units in which people speak do not
always look like sentences.
e.g. You can run a hou- whatcha- now whatcha you can run a house-
you can run a house a- and do the job, which is important, y’ can’t
y- a man can’t do it himself, and a woman can’t do it himself w- if
y’ want it to be successful. In most cases.
How do you analysesomethingwhichis not a
sentence?
5. Discourse as a System of functions
?
e.g. “what’s the time?”
Phatic function (opens a contact)
Emotive function (conveysthe need of the speaker)
Conative function (askssomething of the addressee)
Referential function (makesreferenceto the world outside
the language)
PROBLEM:
Discourseanalysismay turn intoa more generalandbroaderanalysis
of languagefunctions.
6. Definition of Discourse (2)
Discourse – written and spoken
Discourse
Speaker/
writer
Hearer/ reader
Context
7. Objects of discourse
‘Discourse’ refers to any utterance which is
meaningful. These texts can be:
- written texts
- oral texts (‘speech’/’talk’)
- mixed written/oral texts (e.g. Internet chat)
Discourse does not depend on the size of a text
(“P” and “Ladies” can both be analysed as
discourse)
8. Definitions of ‘discourse’ (3)
(a) A set of terms, metaphors, allusions, ways
of talking, references and so on, which
constitute an object
(b) A to-and-from of exchanges in talk (or text)
that performs social actions
10. The scope of discourse analysis
Discourse analysis is not a discipline which exists on its
own. It is influenced by other disciplines and
influences them as well. It is a two-way process …
For this reason discourse analysis examines spoken and
written texts from all sorts of different areas
(medical, legal, advertising) and from all sorts of
perspectives (race, gender, power)
Discourse analysis has a number of practical
applications - for example in analysing
communication problems in medicine,
psychotherapy, education, in analysing written style
etc.
11. Influences on discourse analysis
sociolinguistics
Discourse Analysis
psycholinguistics
computational
linguistics pragmatics
other non-
linguistic
disciplines
other linguistic
disciplines
12. Approaches to Discourse
Deborah Schiffrin “Approaches to Discourse”
(1994) singles out 6 major approaches to
discourse:
- the speech act approach;
- interactional sociolinguistics;
- the ethnography of communication;
- pragmatic approach;
- conversation analysis;
- variationist approach.
13. Approaches to Discourse (1)
The Speech Act Approach
Founders of the speech act theory: John Austin & John
Searle.
There are different types of speech acts:
e.g. “speak louder” (directive)
“Oxford Street is a shopper’s paradise“ (assertive)
Although speech act theory was not first developed as a
means of analyzing discourse, particular issues in speech
act theory (indirect speech acts, multiple functions of
utterances) led to discourse analysis
14. Approaches to Discourse (2)
Interactional sociolinguistics
Represents the combination of three disciplines:
anthropology, sociology, and linguistics.
Focuses on how people from different cultures may share
grammatical knowledge of a language but
contextualize what is said differently to produce
different messages.
e.g. “yeah, bring them down here. I’ll flog them for you”
(Australian English)
15. Approaches to Discourse (3)
The ethnography of communication
The way we communicate
depends a lot on the culture we
come from. Some stereotypes:
Finnish people: the hardest
nation for communication, quiet
and serious?
Turkish people: very
talkative and friendly?
Ethnography investigates
speaker culture
16. Approaches to Discourse (4)
Pragmatics
H. P. Grice: the cooperative principle
and conversational maxims.
17. Approaches to Discourse (5)
Conversation analysis
e.g. A: This is Mr. Smith. May I help you?
B: I can’t hear you
A: This is Mr. Smith
B: Smith.
Conversational analysis is particularly
interested in the sequencing of utterances,
i.e. not in what people say but in how they
say it
18. Summary of approaches to discourse
Approaches to Studying Discourse Focus of Research Research Question
Structural CA Sequences of talk Why say that at that
moment?
Variationist Structural categories
within texts
Why that form?
Functional Speech Acts Communicative acts How to do things
with words?
Ethnography of
Communication
Communication as cultural
behaviour
How does discourse
reflect culture?
Interactional
Sociolinguistics
Social and linguistic
meanings created during
communication
What are they doing?
Pragmatics Meaning in interaction What does the
speaker mean?
19. How do you analyse discourse?
Various ways. Depends on what sort of discourse you’re interested
in.
Constituting an object vs realising a social action
20. Constituting an object
Usually some cultural object (marriage, crime, obesity etc)
Data:
Media texts (eg news reports, magazine articles, newspaper
features)
Personal accounts (eg in interviews, diaries)
22. ENGLAND’S next clash will be against a nation of
GUINEA PIG eaters.We avoided a showdown with
old enemy Germany — for now — and will play
Ecuador on Sunday.
Here’s your Sun guide to the South American team’s
dangermen — plus a few facts about the country
where their national dish is a roasted pet.
It would be easy to underestimate them. But Ecuador
beat mighty Brazil and Argentina in the South
American qualifying rounds.
[continues]
23. ENGLAND’S next clash will be against a
nation of GUINEA PIG eaters.We
avoided a showdown with old enemy
Germany — for now — and will play
Ecuador on Sunday.
Here’s your Sun guide to the South
American team’s dangermen — plus a
few facts about the country where their
national dish is a roasted pet.
The whole nation?
Nothing else?
Why old enemy?
Facts?
Whose pet?
24. Ecuador’s capital Quito is 9,300ft above sea
level, giving their footballers a home
advantage when they play in the thin air.
They were a Spanish colony until they seized
their independence in 1822. Out of a
population of 14 million, 3,000 Ecuador fans
are in Germany. Football is the No1 sport
but they also love basketball and bullfights.
The main exports are coffee and bananas.
The language is Spanish. But let’s hope their
fans get no chance to shout Olé against
England in Stuttgart on Sunday.
Other facts
not chosen?
Inevitable Spanish-
speaker behaviour?
Who’s ‘us’?
26. PRESIDENT BUSH sought to
repair his tattered reputation in
Europe yesterday, talking of his
“deep desire” to close the
Guantanamo Bay prison camp
and conceding that his response
to the 9/11 terrorist attacks had
not been understood by much of
the continent.
Assumes it is
tattered
Compare
expressing his
deep desire
Assumes
(someone) has
made an
accusation
27. Discourse as language-in-interaction
Language in interaction comes through in a sequence,
in turns. Each turn has an implication for the next.
An example analysis: doctors delivering diagnoses.
Do they tell the patient immediately?
28. Dr. is telling mother about son
Notice that Dr. describes test results first
29. Dr. moves from test to treatment without explicit diagnosis
30. What does this results-first practice achieve?
(a) Gives patient the sight of the evidence first
(b) Shows that the diagnosis when given is well-founded
(c) Allows the patient to guess or predict what is to come
(d) Allows them to voice it themselves
31. Some worries & objections
It’s not quantitative, so is it ‘subjective’?
- not particularly; argument still has to convince readers,
editors etc., by appeal to established findings & theory
Is it useful?
- reveals how objects get constituted & unmasks the
interests that serves (and perhaps could be resisted)
- shows how mundane interaction achieves its business
(and perhaps could be improved)
32.
33. Why you shouldn’t do Discourse Analysis
- recording the data (other than media texts) isn’t always
easy
- transcribing the data is laborious
- mastering the craft of explicating what’s going on, without
overinterpreting it or merely describing it, is hard
- you won’t come away with a demonstration that X caused
Y
- or a survey of the incidence of A is X in Y population
etcetera
34. Why you might do Discourse Analysis
- you get close to the data
- the data (eg video recordings) are of life as it’s
lived
- you uncover the subtle organisation of language,
the prime medium of our social lives (and selves)
- You plug in to social practices that - at the
grandest - constitute reality and our place in it
35. Other reasons why discourse analysis might
interest you
- it might be connected to your life (job, family,
friends and so on)
- it can go on your cv
- if you get interested in the subject you might want
to take it further (tesi, specialistica)
so it’s worth starting to think about what
you are interested in (linguistically)