1. The document discusses the language used in research, advocacy, and campaigns. Research uses literal language to precisely describe ideas and present findings, while advocacy and campaigns can use either literal or figurative language. 2. Advocacy aims to actively promote a cause, while campaigns involve organized activities to influence policies and engage the public to create change. 3. Examples show that research presents findings directly, while advocacy and campaign messages can directly state an issue or use indirect, figurative language to raise awareness.

1. English 10- Quarter 2
WEEK 1
LESSON 1- Language of Research, Campaigns and Advocacies
RESEARCH – is an imperative area in not just the field of education, but in other fields as well.
- it primarily focuses upon improving quality and is research for knowledge (Kapur, 2018)
- It shows how to make provisions of solutions to a problem in a scientific and methodical manner.
Learning the language of research can help you understand research answers to important problems. It can also help
you read academic texts (and tests) more easily.
There are five (5) basic categories of literary texts. These are the following:
a. Descriptive – is a text that creates a picture of a person, place, thing or event. It also tells what something looks,
sounds, smells, tastes or feels like.
b. Narrative – is a text that tells a series of events in chronological order.
c. Expository – is a text that provides explanation of a specific topic; gives facts, reasons, explanations or examples with
supporting details and conclusions about the topic.
d. Persuasive – is a text that aims to present a point of view and seek to convince a reader.
e. Argumentative – is a text that attempts to present and explain the issue or case, gives reasons and supports these
reasons to prove its point and refutes or proves wrong the opposing argument.
Kinds of language and literary devices
a. Figures of Speech is a language used that is different from its literal meaning.
Example: The corona virus is like a thief in the night.
Meaning: It is an example of a simile which shows comparison between two (2) different things which have similar
characteristics. It means corona virus and thief in the night are different things yet they can be noted with same qualities.
b. Idiom is an expression that cannot be understood from the meaning of its individual words but has a separate meaning
of its own.
Example: It is a piece of cake.
Meaning: It is an easy task.
c. Jargon refers to the language used by a particular group of people.
Example: Writ of Habeas Corpus (can be understood by lawyers, judges, and law experts)
Meaning: It is a court order demanding a public official deliver an imprisoned individual to the court and show a valid
reason for that person’s imprisonment.
Sentence: The violator of the Bayanihan Heal as One Act was issued the writ of habeas corpus.
d. Colloquial is the language used when people are speaking in an informal way.
Example 1: Wanna Meaning: Want to
Sentence: I wanna go to the beach but I can’t because of the pandemic.
e. Slang is a word that is not considered part of the standard vocabulary of a language (of a certain group of people).
Example
Havey Meaning: Funny Sentence: Vice Ganda’s joke was so havey.

2. What is Research?
Research is a systematic investigation and a study of materials and sources to establish facts and reach new conclusion.
This is widely recognized as an important tool for solving man’s various problems and in making life more useful and
convenient. The modern gadgets that we use today, the medicines that give us relief, the tools and equipment that make
our tasks easier are all products of researches conducted by professionals from various disciplines
Research contains the following parts:
a. Chapter 1: Research Problem and Its Background
It begins with a general statement of the problem then focuses on a specific problem or issue, frames the said
problem within the existing literature, points out deficiencies in the literature and targets the study for evidence
and proof.
b. Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature
It reports critical review of the relevant literature and identifies the gap within the literature that your research
will attempt to address.
c. Chapter 3: Research Methodology
It discusses understanding of data and the ways to systematically collect information and data.
d. Chapter 4: Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation It contains the main topic on finding answers through
data collection. It also discusses methods of arranging, summarizing and presenting sets of data using tabular
textual and graphical methods.
e. Chapter 5: Summary of Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations
It presents ways of reporting and sharing findings of a research study. It deals with ways of drawing logical
conclusion from research findings and gives recommendations. In writing a research report, informative,
descriptive, persuasive and narrative text types are used.
What is a Literal language?
Literal language means exactly what it says. It does not use figures of speech. Instead, it uses the actual meaning of
words or phrases in their exact sense. Literal language is direct to the point. It is precise and often tells the reader exactly
the point. Thus, the reader or listener does not have to extract meaning. Moreover, literal language is often used in the
fields of science, logic, objectivity and research. It is a kind of expression that could be trusted to describe ideas precisely
and clearly.
Lesson 2- Language of Advocacy
What is an Advocacy?
 Advocacy is an active promotion of a cause or principle.
 Advocacy involves actions that lead to a selected goal.
 Advocacy is one of many possible strategies, or ways to approach a problem.
 Advocacy can be used as part of a community initiative, nested in with other components.
 Advocacy is not direct service.
 Advocacy does not necessarily involve confrontation or conflict.
 Advocacy is a text form that uses different text types such as persuasive, informative, descriptive, narrative, and
argumentative.

3. In this table, you will see what languages are appropriate in making an advocacy.
Text Forms Language Example
Advocacy
either literal or figurative Pass the message to kick out corona
virus. (Figurative - It means to
getrid.)
Educate the community to prevent
the spread of corona virus. (Literal)
The statements below speak about an environmental issue which has become a perennial problem in the country.
Advocacy #1
Let’s Educate everyone
to practice Proper Waste
Management
Advocacy #2
Proper Waste Management
is best done with
multitude hands and minds.
The statements, Let’s Educate everyone to practice Proper Waste Management and Proper Waste Management is better
done with multitude hands and minds are examples of environmental advocacies that reflect awareness of imparting
knowledge to people and developing community support to act over the existing issue. In Advocacy # 1, it uses literal
language while Advocacy # 2 uses figurative language.
Please pay attention that in making an advocacy, both the literal and figurative language can be used.
Figurative language is a language that is indirect, connotative or goes beyond its literal meaning.
Lesson 3- Language of Campaign
What is a Campaign?
It refers to a set of organized activities designed to influence policies and practices to achieve lasting change. Campaign
always goes beyond just influencing policies and practices and always seeks to engage the public in taking action and
creating broader movement for change.
 actions, events and activities to achieve a change and to raise awareness on a specific issue working more widely
across organization or people
 includes lobbying those in power to make changes and a combination of a number of actions to build
a public support to change
Look at this table.
Text forms Language Examples
Campaign Literal
“Poverty is what happens when people give
up caring for one another”
Figurative “Rise and be free from the claws of Poverty”
Literal Language is a language that is direct, denotative and gives exact meaning of a word.
Figurative language is a language that is indirect, connotative and goes beyond its literal meaning.

4. Lesson 4- Use of Language in Research, Advocacy and Campaign
What are the differences on the use of language in research, campaign, and advocacy? Here is the table showing the
differences on the use of language in research, advocacy and campaign.
Text Forms Language Type Examples
Research literal This chapter presents the research
methodology of the study.
Advocacy either literal or figurative Pass the message to kick out corona virus.
(Figurative - It means to get rid.)
Educate the community to prevent the
spread of corona virus. (Literal)
Campaign either literal or figurative “Be a ‘Kontra’-Covid Hero.” (Figurative)
“Observe social distancing.” (Literal)
In writing research, literal language is used. Look at the following example:
“Based on the findings of the study, it is concluded that generally, the parents’ involvement is significantly related to
academic performance of the pupils and therefore establishes the need to develop a Parental Involvement Program
Framework that will intensify parents’ involvement. (Padrones, 2011)”
The words used in the given example are precise. Now we have more examples of a text form which is an advocacy.
a. ‘Plant tress to sustain life.” (This is an advocacy in literal form.)
b. “Read a book. Save a soul.” (This is an advocacy in figurative form.)
We are now going to have examples of a campaign.
a. “Be There For Someone Else. Give Blood, Save Life.” (This is a campaign in literal form.)
b. “Heart for the poor.” (This is a campaign in figurative form.
Differentiate the language used in Research, Advocacy and Campaign
Look at the table below and read the given statements.
Statement Text Form Language Type
a. Pupils in the independent reading level
committed minimal or almost no error in word
recognition with sufficient accuracy to
support comprehension.
Research Literal
b. Health is Wealth. Advocacy Figurative
c. No Dogs will be Left Alone. Campaign Literal
d. Don’t Cut the Cure, Plant One. Campaign Figurative
e. Free Teens from Drugs Advocacy Literal
Remember, in research, advocacy and campaign, literal language can be used. However, in making an advocacy and
campaign, figurative language may be used.