Internet security

INTERNET SECURITY
INSTR:-HC/RO TAPAN KUMAR KHILAR , FIT ,CTC (T&IT)

INTRODUCTION
Internet security refers to securing
communication over the internet . It includes
specific security protocols such as:-
1. Internet Security Protocol (IPSec)
2. Secure Socket layer(SSL)

Internet Security Protocol (IPSec)
It consists of a set of protocols designed by
internet Engineering Task Force(IETF).It
provides security at network level and helps to
create authenticated and confidential packets
for IP(Internet Protocol) layer.

Secure Socket layer(SSL)
It is a security protocol developed by Netscape
Communications Corporation . It provides
security at transport layer. It addresses the
following security issues:
Privacy
Integrity
Authentication

Threats
Internet security threats impact the network
,data security and other internet connected
systems.
Cyber criminals have evolved several techniques
to threat privacy and integrity of bank
accounts,business and organisations.
Following are some of the internet security
threats:-
Mobile worms,malware,spam,phishing etc.

SSL:- (SECURE SOCKETS LAYER)
1. It is a standard security technology for establishing an
encrypted link between a server and a client ,typically
a web server and a browser.
2. SSL allows sensitive information such as credit card
numbers ,social security numbers ,and login
credentials to be transmitted securely.
3. SSL protocols describes how algorithms should be
used ,in this case ,the SSL protocols determines
variables of the encryption for both the link and data
being transmitted.

4. Internet users have come to associate their online
security with the lock icon that comes with an SSL-
secured website or green address bar that comes
with an extended validation SSL-secured websites .
5. SSL-secured websites also begin with https rather
than http.
6. SSL certificates have a key pair:a public key and a
private key. These keys work together to establish
an encrypted connection.
7. The most important part of an SSL certificate is that
is digitally signed by a trusted CA (Certificate
Authority) like digicert.
CONTINUE……

WEB PROXY
1. A proxy server as a computer that acts as an intermediary
between the user’s computer and the internet.
2. It allows client computers to make indirect network connections
to other network services.
3. Proxy server uses for various purposes like
i- sharing internet connections on a local area network.
ii- hide our IP address.
iii- implement internet access control.
iv- access blocked websites etc.
4. A proxy server can acts as an intermediary to prevent from attack
and unexpected access.
5. To implement internet access control like authentication for
internet connection,bandwidth control,online time
control,internet web filter and content filter etc.
6. To bypass security restrictions and filters.

CONTINUE….
USE PROXY SERVER FOR IE (INTERNET EXPLORER):-
Click Tools – Internet options –connections-LAN setting-
select”use a proxy server for your LAN”-Advanced
USE PROXY SERVER FOR GOOGLE CHROME:-
Google setting- network tab –change proxy settings-
connections-LAN setting-select”use a proxy server for your LAN”-
Advanced

4. Internet users have come to associate their online
security with the lock icon that comes with an SSL-
secured website or green address bar that comes
with an extended validation SSL-secured websites .
5. SSL-secured websites also begin with https rather
than http.
6. SSL certificates have a key pair:a public key and a
private key. hese keys work together to establish an
encrypted connection.
7. The most important part of an SSL certificate is that
is digitally signed by a trusted CA (Certificate
Authority) like digicert.
CONTINUE……

WEB PROXY
1. A proxy server os a computer that acts as an intermediary
between the user’s computer and the internet.
2. It allows client computers to make indirect network connections
to other network services.
3. Proxy server uses for various purposes like
i- sharing internet connections on a local area network.
ii- hide our IP address.
iii- implement internet access control.
iv- access blocked websites etc.
4. A proxy server can acts as an intermediary to prevent from attack
and unexpected access.
5. To implement internet access control like authentication for
internet connection,bandwidth control,online time
control,internet web filter and content filter etc.
6. To bypass security restrictions and filters.

14
Firewalls
Effective means of protection a local
system or network of systems from
network-based security threats while
affording access to the outside world
via WAN`s or the Internet

Firewall Design
Principles
• The firewall is inserted between the
premises network and the Internet
• Aims:
– Establish a controlled link
– Protect the premises network from
Internet-based attacks
– Provide a single choke point

Firewall Characteristics
• Design goals:
– All traffic from inside to outside must
pass through the firewall (physically
blocking all access to the local network
except via the firewall)
– Only authorized traffic (defined by the
local security police) will be allowed to
pass

• Design goals:
– The firewall itself is immune to
penetration (use of trusted system with
a secure operating system)

• Four general techniques:
• Service control
– Determines the types of Internet services
that can be accessed, inbound or outbound
• Direction control
– Determines the direction in which
particular service requests are allowed to
flow

• User control
– Controls access to a service according to
which user is attempting to access it
• Behavior control
– Controls how particular services are used
(e.g. filter e-mail)

Types of Firewalls
• Three common types of Firewalls:
– Packet-filtering routers
– Application-level gateways

Net filtering
Internet service providers (ISPs) that block material
containing pornography, or controversial religious, political,
or news-related content en route are often utilised by
parents who do not permit their children to access content
not conforming to their personal beliefs.
Content filtering software can, however, also be used to
block malware and other content that is or contains hostile,
intrusive, or annoying material including adware, spam,
computer viruses, worms, trojan horses, and spyware.

Filters can be implemented in many different ways: by
software on a personal computer, via network
infrastructure such as proxy servers, DNS servers, or
firewalls that provide Internet access.
Browser based filters .
Browser based content filtering solution is the most
lightweight solution to do the content filtering, and is
implemented via a third party browser extension.
E-mail filters
E-mail filters act on information contained in the mail
body, in the mail headers such as sender and subject, and
e-mail attachments to classify, accept, or reject messages.
Types of filtering

Client-side filters.
This type of filter is installed as software on each
computer where filtering is required.This filter can
typically be managed, disabled or uninstalled by
anyone who has administrator-level privileges on
the system.
Network-based filtering .
This type of filter is implemented at the transport
layer as a transparent proxy, or at the application
layer as a web proxy.Filtering software may include
data loss prevention functionality to filter outbound
as well as inbound information.

Search-engine filters
Many search engines, such as Google offer users the
option of turning on a safety filter. When this safety filter
is activated, it filters out the inappropriate links from all
of the search results. If users know the actual URL of a
website that features explicit or adult content, they have
the ability to access that content without using a search
engine. Engines like Lycos, Yahoo, and Bing offer
childoriented versions of their engines that permit only
children friendly websites.

IP filtering
To provide security, an IP router can allow or
disallow the flow of very specific types of IP
traffic. This capability, called IP packet filtering,
provides a way for the network administrator to
precisely define what IP traffic is received and
sent by the router. IP packet filtering is an
important element of connecting corporate
intranets to public networks like the Internet.

Common IP Filtering Techniques
• Route filtering
• Firewall filtering
• Email filtering

Communication with IPSec protocol
Why IPsec?
• Internet Protocol (IP) is not secure – IP
protocol was designed in the early stages of the
Internet where security was not an issue – All
hosts in the network are known • Possible
security issues – Source spoofing – Replay
packets – No data integrity or confidentiality

Internet Protocol Security (IPSec)
• Layer 3 protocol for remote access,
intranet, and extranet VPNs
–Internet standard for VPNs
–Provides flexible encryption and
message authentication/integrity

IPsec Standards •
RFC 4301 “The IP Security Architecture” –
Defines the original IPsec architecture and
elements common to both AH and ESP •
RFC 4302 – Defines authentication headers (AH)
• RFC 4303 – Defines the Encapsulating
Security Payload (ESP) •
RFC 2408 – ISAKMP •
RFC 5996 – IKE v2 (Sept 2010) •
RFC 4835 – Cryptographic algorithm
implementation for ESP and AH

Benefits of IPsec
• Confidentiality – By encrypting data
• Integrity – Routers at each end of a tunnel
calculates the checksum or hash value of the
data
•Authentication – Signatures and certificates –
All these while still maintaining the ability to
route through existing IP networks

• Anti-replay protection – Optional; the sender
must provide it but the recipient may ignore
• Key management – IKE – session negotiation
and establishment – Sessions are rekeyed or
deleted automatically – Secret keys are securely
established and authenticated – Remote peer is
authenticated through varying options

4/26/2020
Agenda
• Introduction
• Components
– Tokens
– Server
– Algorithm
• Weaknesses
• Comparison
• Conclusion

• RSA SecurID – the standard for Three
scientist last name
RIVEST SHAMIR ADLEMAN
1. RON RIVEST
2. ADI SHAMIR
3. LEONARD ADLEMAN

4/26/2020
Components of the SecurID® System
• Tokens
• Authentication Server
• Algorithm

PASSCODE = +PIN TOKENCODE
Two-factor Authentication
with RSA SecurID
PIN TOKENCODE
Login: GLAU
Passcode: 2468234836
Token code:
Changes every 60
seconds
Unique seed
Internal battery
Clock synchronized
to UCT (Universal
Coordinate Time) /
GMT(Greenwich
Mean Time)

User enters Passcode
(PIN + token code)
User
Authenticated!
Authentication
Manager
Authentication
Agent
Calculates
passcode
RSA SecurID Authentication
Solution

RSA SecurID
Time Synchronous Two-Factor Authentication
RSA
Authentication
Manager
RAS,
VPN,
Web Server,
WAP
etc.
RSA Authentication
Agent
SeedTime
Algorithm
SeedTime
032848
Algorithm
Same Seed
Same Time

4/26/2020
• Authentication Server
–Maintains database of user assigned
tokens
–Generates pass code following the same
algorithm as the token
–Seed – similar to symmetric key

4/26/2020
• Algorithm
–Brainard’s Hashing Algorithm
–AES Hashing Algorithm

4/26/2020
Comparison to Password Systems
• Password systems are built-in, no
additional implementation cost?
–Administration Costs
–Security Costs
• SecurID
–No need to regularly change passwords
–No changes as long as tokens
uncompromised (and hash function)

Internet security

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