The document discusses several language-based strategies to improve school performance including dialogic discourse, BDA strategies, textbook feature strategies, vocabulary of the day strategies, and K-U writing strategies. These strategies employ techniques such as discussion, graphic organizers, manipulating sentences, review games, and nonlinguistic representations to build vocabulary and reading comprehension. The strategies are modeled by teachers to help students take ownership over their learning.

1. Language-Based Strategies For Better School Performance By: Cathy Woidtke

2. Language-Based Interactive Learning Strategies: a constructivist approach Strategies: reading, writing, vocabulary Dialogic Discourse: foundation for learning Graphic organizer use with each strategy Interaction with strategies Engaging review games Website resources

3. Dialogic Discourse Students are engaged in learning by facilitated conversation. Text is the medium for learning, but the conversation (dialogue) shapes meaning. Meaning is created by listening, thinking, reflecting, and responding. Students assume responsibility and ownership for their learning. Teachers provide models, examples, and resources, assisting students in gaining clarity.

4. BDA Strategy: Releasing Responsibility The BDA strategy: Discussion and interaction builds meaning Used before, during, and after reading. Helps activate prior knowledge Sets a purpose for reading Context clues used to determine meaning. Students taught to assume ownership Graphic organizers provides direction and clarity

5. Textbook BDA: Textbook Features Prereading: Use information on maps, charts, timelines, graphs During reading: Identify and write important information After reading: Write summary Main idea 3 details Identify remaining questions Graphic Organizer for direction and clarity Benefits: Textbook structure awareness

6. Vocab of the Day: Using Content-Area Vocabulary Vocabulary Strategy: Find key words in the definition Read the model sentence Find synonyms using dictionaries Draw a picture of the word: nonlinguistic representation Connect the target word with content-area classes Use context clues Strategy is modeled for students; they assume teaching role. Graphic organizer provides direction and clarity

7. Textbook Vocabulary Target word: content-area vocabulary Model sentence is taken from a textbook. Students find 4 related words in the textbook. Class generates a sentence using target word and 2 related words. Greater awareness of textbook features Improved comprehension of content

8. K-U Writing Strategy KU Writing Center MARK Basic Sentence components are taught: Prepositional phrase Infinitive Subject Verb Capitalization, Punctuation, Meaning

9. Manipulating Language Select target sentence structures from authentic text. Break the sentence into chunks. Rearrange the sentence chunks to construct new sentence. Use graphic organizer Benefits: develops sentence maturity & variety improves understanding of sentence structure expands vocabulary, using context as a resource chunking & phrasing for improved comprehension generates discussion for comprehension

10. Review Games Repeated exposure is necessary for vocabulary acquisition. Vocabulary acquisition builds reading comprehension. Nonlinguistic representation has been shown to stimulate and increase brain activity. Student engagement is high.

11. Bibliography Beers, Kylene. When Kids Can’t Read: What Teachers Can Do: A Guide for Teacher’s 6-12. Portmouths: Heinemann. 2002 “ Content Area Vocabulary”. Reading Services Center. Omaha Public Schools. http://www.ops.org/reading/read_home.htm . 26 April 2007. English Language Arts . 25 Mar. 2009 <http://www.greece.k12.ny.us/instruction/ ELA/Index.htm>. Kamil, Michael L., et al. (2008). Improving Adolescent Literacy: Effective Classroom and Intervention Practices: A Practice Guide (NDEE #2008-4027). Washington D.C.: National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Retrieved from: http://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc . Innes, Robert B. &quot;Dialogic Communication in Collaborative Problem Solving Groups.&quot; International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning Volume 1.Number 1 (2007). 20 Nov. 2008 <http://74.125.95.132/ search?q=cache:CMW8lL5vEaoJ:academics.georgiasouthern.edu/ijsotl/v1n1/innes/ IJ_Innes.pdf+dialogic+discourse&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=9&gl=us&client=firefox-a>. Killgallon, Don and Jenny. &quot;How to Construct a Combining Activity.&quot; Sentence Composing . 27 Feb. 2007 <http://userpages.umbc.edu/~killgall/ index.php?page=main.php>. &quot;Podcasts.&quot; International Reading Association. 25 Mar. 2009 <http://www.reading.org/General/Publications/Podcasts.aspx>. “ Reading as a Strategic Activity”. Just Read Now Project . Beacon Learnin Center. 1997. http://justreadnow.com/strategies . 2 May 2007.

12. Bibliography (cont.) Reynolds, David J. &quot;Eight Strategies to Help Students Read Difficult Text.&quot; Who Reads Difficult Text? 25 Mar. 2009 <http://www.cfkeep.org/html/ stitch.php?s=93763872230206&id=81153015867949>. “ Vocabulary Journal”. All America Reads . 1 Sep 01. http://www.allamericareads.org/index.htm . 8 May 2007. Marzano, Robert J. &quot;Getting Acquainted with the Essential Nine.&quot; MiddleWeb. 30 Mar. 2009 <http://www.middleweb.com/MWLresources/marzchat1.html://>. &quot;Podcasts.&quot; International Reading Association . 25 Mar. 2009 <http://www.reading.org/General/Publications/Podcasts.aspx>. “ Reading as a Strategic Activity”. Just Read Now Project . Beacon Learnin Center. 1997. http://justreadnow.com/strategies . 2 May 2007. &quot;A Resource of Constructivist Teaching Strategies to Promote Active Student Learning.&quot; ELA Best Practices . 16 Jan. 2007 <http://www.greece.k12.ny.us/ instruction/ELA/6-12/Best%20Practices/Index.htm>. Reynolds, David J. &quot;Eight Strategies to Help Students Read Difficult Text.&quot; Who Reads Difficult Text? 25 Mar. 2009 <http://www.cfkeep.org/html/ stitch.php?s=93763872230206&id=81153015867949>. Sheldon, Jan B, et al. Fundamentals in the Sentence Writing Strategy . Lawrence: The University of Kansas, 1998 . “ Vocabulary Journal”. All America Reads . 1 Sep 01. http://www.allamericareads.org/index.htm . 8 May 2007. &quot;What are Context Clues?&quot; Reading Resources . 25 Mar. 2009 <http://wserver.scc.losrios.edu/~langlit/reading/contextclues/intro1.htm>.