Intelligent battery cluster as part of an local power self-supply

Intelligent power storages
How to create new products, services and
profit in decentralized power supply
innogy SE · Frank Alexander Reusch · 12 June 2017

What if,
- decentralized power supply would really work locally,
- we would bring together all the skills of the innogy group,
- we can offer scalable and tailored solutions for B2B and B2C
- we would use the most advanced communications technology,
- a swarm network of intelligent devices would bring intelligence
and cheaper implementation,
so that innogy can offer outstanding
solutions in the field of renewable
energies.
2

Type Time plan
Nuclear energy • 70 new plants in plan
• 11 new plants in UK
• 0 in continental Europe
• Germany: 2022 shutdown of the last
nuclear power plants
• France: Decrease of nuclear energy
from 75 to 50 %
Fossil energy • Limited resources,
• price for resource extraction is rising
• CO2 emissions and other emissions are
unhealthy
• Use of fossil energy contradicts EU
energy targets
• Decreasing social acceptance
Thermonuclear
Tokamak reactor
(1952)
• Iter: Energy production needs timeouts
• 840 m3 plasma volume
• heat plasma to 150 million°C
• 2014 – first time output > input
• Less risk without nuclear waste
• 2,5 Mio. t coal = 250 kg Deuterium/
Tritium
• Locations: Munich, Cadarache and Hefei
• 2021: Completion construction
• 2025: Generation of hydrogen
plasma
• 2035: Use of tritium as a fuel
• 2040: Construction demo-power
plant
• 2050: First power supply
Thermonuclear
Stellarator reactor
(1951)
• Wendelstein 7-X: Continuous energy
production,
• Objectives of research: Confining hot
plasma in the magnetic cage
• 2015: Implementation ready
Cold fusion • First demonstration Pons/Fleischmann,
no independent confirmation…
• Nickel-hydrogen reaction: Test setup was
not disclosed, intransparent experiments
- no repeatability
• Dreams
Süddeutsche.de
www.iter.org/kernenergie.deSchulbilder.org
Spiegel.de
3
Alternatives vs. EU target: Share of renewable energies in energy
consumption of at least 27% (2030)
innogy SE · Reusch · 12 June 2017

Source: Wikipedia/Alexrk2
▪ Strong invest of
30 billion EUR in total
▪ Impact on electricity prices
especially through using of
underground cables ?
▪ In 2014, 22 counties from four
federal states signed the
"Hameln Declaration".
▪ Currently, federal planning for
transmission systems (Bundes-
fachplanung) is launched.
▪ The subsequent Plan approval
procedure (Planfeststellungs-
verfahren) leaves room for
lawsuit.
4innogy SE · Reusch · 12 June 2017
Delayed start of power grid expansion
Completion will take place at the earliest in 2025
Could it be delayed and more expensive?

5
Grid reinforcements
Parallel power lines
Grid expansion
Grid extensions
Expansion and restructuring
local area grid,
Over-regional expansion in the
medium-voltage grid
Operational optimization
Grid automation
Optimized voltage regulation
Optimized grid planning
Use of grid ressources
High effort to ensure network stability and security
Number of recoveries in the transmission network Max. Recovery power (MW)
Load flow of a local area grid in rural areas
(compared to 2003 and today)
Feeding-in Consumption
Goal: Harmonization of generation and consumption

▪ Isolated
▪ Limited
▪ Not connected
▪ Not scalable
▪ Secure, but boring
Local hubs could be the solution
With local hubs decentralized energy supply can be successful
▪ Local Hubs could be:
Households, companies, villages, cities
▪ Works completely for it´s own
▪ Generation, storage and use,
self-supply ~ 80%
▪ Supply and feeding-in as a exception
▪ Strong interaction if necessary
▪ Scalable
Local hubs Islands

7
Connected home
E-mobility1
• Overall >4,900 charging points in >20 countries
• More than 100 (municipal) utility
and 50 B2B partners
• 430,000 charging processes
• 4.1 GWh electricity charged
1 As of December 31, 2015 | 2 SmartHome devices and units are also sold to end customers through regional companies, up to 2015.
Total number also includes devices and units sold to those regional companies |3 As of 30 June 2016
• SmartHome: 800,000 units sold2
• Roll-out to further countries in preparation
• Cooperation with Nest: >30,000 units sold
in UK and NL3
Internet based suppliers Energy services
• Energy audits and savings solutions
• Contracting, maintenance and repair services
• Energy management/IT solution for cus-
tomers with decentral energy generation
• eprimo leading in Germany
with ~1.3 mn customers in
2016, trademark of the year
• Energiedirect leading in the
Netherlands with ~0.7 mn
customers in 2016
Energy plattform
• Specific intelligence for every device
• Direct communication between all sorts
of smart things, with/without internet access
• Networks of autonomous devices without
central control
Intelligent devices
• Specific intelligence for every device
• Direct communication between all sorts
of smart things, with/without internet access
• Networks of autonomous devices without
central control
“If innogy knew what innogy knows”
Everything in our hands

Cross vertical use cases – B2C
Microlino 15kW Motor
BMW i8
Audi A7 h-tron
Vespa Elettrica
1 Home Energy Controller
2 Smart Meter
3 Intelligent household devices
4. Photovoltaics
5. Inverter / Power storage
6. Heating/Heat accumulator
7. Charging station
External
power storage
Weather
station
Power grid
Fiber optic network supplemented
by radio communication
eGo Life
BMW C Evolution
Cityscooter
Dietz 2 x 50 Ah
eBike Hercules
eMobility Smart Energy Smart Home
Energy company
(Cockpit, Billing, Analytics)
Grid balancing
Purchasing Portfolio Management
(planning electricity generation),
Sales Portfolio
ManagementRequest to Storage:
“Expected filling
level forecast”
Negotiate power supply with storage cluster
The current storage 1 is the requester.
All other storages send him forecast data.
Storage 1 organizes the power supply
Send confirmation
to eCar with
expected filling level
1
3
2

eMobility Smart Energy Building Automation
Mercedes-Benz EQ
Streetscooter
Fuso eCanter
Audi A7 h-tron
Lilium Jet
MB Urban eTruck
MB Vision
Citaro FuelCELL-Hybrid
Insular Solutions do not generate added value.
Only a networking of the components with
decentralized control logic creates the breakthrough
Cross vertical use cases – B2B
+ -
H2 CH4
Hydrogen Methane
400 GWh Wind power
curtailment p.a.
Electrolysis
Natural gas
grid
Chemistry
Send filling level to storage,
to organize load management
Power storage
as a buffer
10

§ 61a
§ 61b
11
BNA - Guideline for self-supply
Self-supply is becoming increasingly interesting. The BNA has therefore published a guide
for self-supply in July 2016 – with consideration of EEG 2017

➢ Identity of producer / operator and final consumer is mandatory
➢ Existing plants: Saving complete EEG = 6.88 cent / kWh
➢ Existing plants: Saving 80% EEG if inventory is renewed or replaced without
expansion of the installed capacity
➢ New plants with power storage: Saving 60% EEG = 4.13 cent / kWh, must pay 2,75 ct./kWh
➢ Operator GbR uses a solar energy system can save EEG if the consumption devices are assigned to
the GbR personally (floor light, ..)
➢ - even if electric cars belong to the GbR: Saving 4.13 to 6.88 cent / kWh
➢ Hotels and hospitals: personal identity is accepted: Saving 4.13 to 6.88 cent / kWh
BNA - Guideline for self-supply
Self supply will be an interesting business - save money in times of rising electricity prices

13
No. Name Residential units Commercial units
1 Vonovia SE 400.000
2 Deutsche Wohnen AG 157.800 2.200
3 SAGA GWG 129.000 1.400
4 Vivawest Wohnen GmbH 122.000
5 LEG Immobilien AG 130.000
6 TAG Immobilien AG 78.176 1.251
7 degewo AG 75.000 1.500
8 Gewobag 72.000
9 Howoge GmbH 59.000 770
10 ABG Frankfurt Holding GmbH 51.000
11 Adler Real Estate AG + Westgrund AG 48.000
12 Grand City Properties S.A. 43.000
13 GAG Immobilien AG 43.000
14 GWH Immobilien Holding GmbH 42.000
15 Stadt und Land WohnungsbautenGesellschaft mbH42.000
16 GEWOBA AG 42.000
17 WIRO Wohnungsgesellschaft mbH 36.000
18 LWB mbH 35.000
19 GEWOFAG Holding GmbH 32.000
20 GWB AG 32.000
Total 1.668.976 7.121
Commercial Buildings total Germany 1.701.000
Commercial Buildings > 5.000 sqm 1.000.000
Office Buildings 374.000
Public Buildings 340.000
Retail Trade 238.000
Agriculture 238.000
Hotels, cafes, restaurants 221.000
Other 290.000
Commercial buildings and housing industry are great targets
„Mieterstrom“ - promote the expansion of solar plants
Sources of revenue:
• Profit rate from sales revenue x cent/kWh
“Mieterstromzuschlag” Feeding-in
• To 10 kW 3,81 ct/kWh 12,31 ct/kWh
• 10 to 40 kW 3,47 ct/kWh 11,97 ct/kWh
• 40 to 100 kW 2,21 ct/kWh 10,71 ct/kWh
• Minus 8,5 ct/kWh for feeding-in

14
1. Power self-supply replaces feeding of electricity
2. Storages can largely provide autonomous self-supply
3. They can reduce load peaks
4. Storages are getting cheaper, are about to become a mass business
5. Storages support sales of electric cars
6. Power storages can be used in various market segments
7. Provision of primary balancing energy (Primärregelleistung)
8. Memory is important part of the integrated energy (Sektorkopplung)
9. New communication technologies
- integrate storages into an intelligent network
- reduce the cost of implementation
9 reasons why power storages are very interesting:

innogy SE · Name · DD Month YYYY
15
The electricity price has steadily increased since 2008
(exception 2015)
➢ 2008: 21.65 cent/kWh
➢ 2017: 29.16 cent/kWh
PwC:
➢ Electricity price will go up to 34 cent/kWh in 2020
➢ Payment for feeding-in will go down continuously
Electricity price rises constantly

16
0
200
400
600
800
1000
Lithium-ion storage cost per kilowatt-hour
($)
2007 2017 2022
Source: Nyquist, Scott; McKinsey, Peering into energy´s crystal ball, 07/2015 Source: Bloomberg, New Energy Finance, 10/2016
Price for power storage drops permanently
“Battery storage: The next distruptive technology in the power sector (McKinsey, 2/17)”

eMobility Smart Energy Building Automation
➢ Lot´s of new models in
different segments
➢ Market volume is growing
➢ Correlation between ecar
expansion and renewable
development goals
➢ Diesel will go down
➢ Technology for integrated
energy („Sektorkopplung“)
is available -> Power to Gas
➢ Hydrogen production
supports cars with fuel cell
➢ Feeding will go down
➢ Self-Supply will go up
➢ Change from nuclear and
fossil power plants to
renewables in Germany,
France, Swiss a.o.
➢ New incentive systems
(„Mieterstrom“)
➢ Storages will enable offers
with higher added value
➢ ~ 1,6m solar plants
vs. 52.000 storages,
great potential!
➢ Building stock has only low
building efficiency classes
(C, D)
➢ New technologies leads to
high savings
➢ Higher probability to win
tenders
➢ Buildings are an important
part of Smart Cities
Digitalization
➢ Dynamic development of
new technologies
➢ Centralized and decentralized
communication approaches
working together
➢ Strong interaction Cloud, cars
and devices
➢ Intelligence in every device
➢ Self learning effects
➢ Enables more projects,
´cause they will be easier,
cheaper, safer and much
more flexible
Storages – strong tailwind from multiple directions

Energy-Service
Gateway
Home Energy
Management System
Industrial Energy
Management System
Intelligent Metering
System
Virtual Power Plant
System
• Monitoring and control of
energy systems
• Control of charging cycles
of the batteries
• consumption planning
• remote monitoring
• Recording of measurement
data in real time
• User roles, access rights
• Dashboards, analysis
load profiles
• Load management
• Measurement of energy
flows in real time
• Load analysis to peak times
• Remote reading
• Energy trading,
• Monitoring and remote
monitoring,
• Control system
Innovative energy management solutions from kiwigrid
19

20
The future with distributed intelligence:Today and the last 40 years with a central intelligence:
▪ Rely on clouds and gateways
▪ No universal language, incompatible protocols
▪ Expensive to implement and expand
▪ Intelligence in middle layer controller
▪ Isolated and inflexible, behavior is typically not
changeable
▪ Expensive (Hardware, cables are needed)
▪ Scalability is limited
▪ Direct communication between devices
without central control
▪ Specific behavior is typically changeable
▪ Every use case possible
▪ Easy to expand
▪ Secure
▪ Cheaper implementation
▪ With and without internet access
Lemonbeat endows even the “simplest” IoT devices
with intelligence

How to make devices intelligent
Positioning of Lemonbeat in the OSI model
Application
Layer
Network
Functionality
Network
Functionality
Lemonbeat smart Device Language „LsDL“ ( XML / XSD / EXI )
HTTP
TCP
IPv6
IEEE 802.1x / EAP-TLS based Access Control Solutions and others
6LoWPAN
IEEE 802.15
(WPAN)
IEEE P1901.2
(Powerline)
IETF RFC 2464
IEEE 802.11ah
(Wi-Fi)
IEEE 802.3
(Ethernet)
Lemonbeat
Radio 868 MHz2G / 3G / LTE
(Cellular)
IETF RFC 5072
CoAP
UDP
Long range, low
power (LoRa
Modulation)

22
Lemonbeat Device
Value
Service
Value Description
Service
Device Description
Service
Status
Service
Action
Service
Partner
Service
Timer
Service
Calculation
Service
Configuration
Service
Schedule
Service
State Machine
Service
Timer Service
Open valve at 10pm
State Machine
If window is open, shut valve
Partner Service
Linked to window/door sensor
Status Service
Currently valve open
Action Services
Trigger pressed = open valve
Trigger depressed = shut valve
All necessary services on board – in every device - freely configurable
Network
Service
Firmware Update
Service
Public Key
Service
Calendar
Service

ApplicationLibrary
Boot-
loader
Hardware driver
Lemonbeat api
Individual definition /
use-case specific:
• Actions
• Values
• Partner collaboration
• Timer a.s.o
Lemonbeat
Chip:
Silicon Labs 32-bit
ARM Cortex-M3
CPU Processor
Silicon Labs SI 446x
Transceiver Flash memory
Firmware
Lemonbeat Studio
▪ Access to all devices
▪ Initial implementation
▪ Updates flash memory
▪ No central control
Stack
23

Battery Charger/
Grid Inverter
Meter
Company grid
National grid
Meter
▪ Equalization charge at 20 %
power level from company grid
▪ Critical threshold is 16 % to use
expensive national grid
▪ History of a month is stored
▪ Algorithm is in grid inverter
▪ Start analytics
▪ How often was the forecast
below 2 kWh? (= x)
▪ How often was the critical point
reached (= y)
▪ Are both states occurred
simultaneously more than 2 times
a month?
Check correlation
between values
Calculate a
suggestion
▪ Semi-autonomous: Approval by
authorized person in an application
▪ Autonomous: Send order to
“change config” to all grid inverter
▪ Time series and time stamp of
change are stored in the cloud
Authorization
main()
{ int n, c;
printf("Enter a numbern");
scanf("%d", &n);
if ( n == 2 )
printf("Prime number.n");
else
{
for ( c = 2 ; c <= n - 1 ; c++ )
{
if ( n % c == 0 )
break;
}
if ( c != n )
printf("Not prime.n");
else
printf("Prime number.n");
}
return 0;
}
Self learning effects in networks of energy devices
24

Innogy offers the latest IoT-technology in the field of
building automation systems
Efficient, interoperable, integrated, supplier
independent, cheap, secure
Expensive, inefficient, inflexible,
not secure
TODAY: CONVENTIONAL BUILDING AUTOMATION
INFRASTRUCTURE
FUTURE: BUILDING AUTOMATION
INFRASTRUCTURE BASED ON LsDL
25

EN 15232 defines four different, demonstrable building efficiency classes (A, B, C, D). In addition to the automation of the primary
plants, reaching the efficiency classes B and A also requires a networked space automation
Klasse Energieeffizienz
A Corresponds to highly energy-efficient BA systems
• connected room automation with automatic demand requirements
• regular maintenance
• Energy monitoring
• Sustainable energy optimization
B Corresponds to further developed BA systems and some special
functions in technical building management
• connected room automation
C Corresponds to standard BA systems
• connected building automation of primary plants
• no electronic room automation, thermostatic valves
Radiators
• No energy monitoring
D Corresponds to BA systems that are not energy-efficient. Buildings with
systems are to be modernized. New buildings can not be built with such systems
• no connected building automation functions
• no electronic room automation
• no energy monitoring
A
C
B
D
European standard EN 15232 as reference
TECHNOLOGY

27
Power Storages Power
Electronics
Lemonbeat
Applications Energy Management System
Kiwigrid
Contracts Service Offerings
Power Electronics
Grid conncection box
Control cabinet
Lemonbeat
CoAP-Stack
Android virtual device
Ethernet, LoRa, 868 MHz
Kiwigrid Gateway
Multiple connections
to EMS and cloud
B2B B2C
10 KW 40 KW
Power to
Gas
Smart Meter Charging
stations
Grid
inverter
Defining a platform strategy for innogy
➢ Sales can use all parts of this building blocks very flexible.
➢ All devices are compatible with each other.
➢ Significant reduction in implementation and maintenance costs.
Analytics
Digital Domain
Applications for operation
processes and analytics
Energy devices
Set of devices with
different performance
B2B B2C Solar …

Designnetz
Smart Country
Smart Operator
Proaktives
Verteilnetz
Fresh!
Onshore-Windparks
Designnetz
Smart Country
Smart OperatorProaktives
Verteilnetz
Onshore-
Windparks
kiwigrid
Heliatek
Fresh!
kiwigrid
Heliatek
A platform strategy can support many product areas
TECHNOLOGY
28

30
Backup

Thermonuclear Tokamak reactor, Cadarache (France), 03/2017
Alternatives to renewables
<

32
Cent/kWh
Procurement and distribution 6.58 cent
Counting rent, measurement, billing 0,87 cent
EEG levy 6,35 cent
Indirect support: Fees not levied in the tenant stream, levies, tax 11.29 cent
Grid charges (medium) 6.72 cent
Concession fee (medium) 1.66 cent
Other levies (KWK, §19 StromNEV, Offshore) 0,86 Cent
Electricity tax 2.05 cent
Total current reference net
VAT
25.1 cent
4,8 cents
Total current reference gross 29.9 cents
Source: Koepp, Marcus, Mieterstrom – Vorstellung der Studie von BH&W und Prognos im Auftrag des BMWi,
02/2017
Components electricity price
6,88 cent

„2,5 kWh“
N
D
TSPDaten A
NTSPDaten A
DNTSPDaten A P
DatenA
P
S
T
N
D
DatenA
P DatenA
S P DatenA
T S P DatenA
N T S P DatenA
D N T S P DatenAP
Application Layer
Presentation Layer
Session Layer
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
Daten A
P
S
T
N
D
Daten A
PDaten A
SPDaten A
TSPDaten A
NTSPDaten A
DNTSPDaten A P
Electrical/Optical Conncetion,
sends packet as a bitstream
Reads MAC adress, Hardware
address of network adapter
Routing and Relaying,
adds IP adress to the packet
Transport protocol and error
handling, reliable transfer of data
Session setup, stop, execution,
defining restoration point
Formats the data, that it can be
viewed by the user
Interface to an application,
services that are used with appl.

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