The document discusses web security measures including Content Security Policy (CSP) and Strict Transport Security (HSTS) to prevent XSS attacks and HTTPS downgrade attacks. It emphasizes the importance of using integrity attributes to ensure script integrity and highlights the challenges of dynamically-generated scripts. It also mentions cross-origin requests and provides examples of implementing these security features.

1. <script src=”https://ajax.googl
eapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.8.
0/jquery.min.js” integrity=”typ
e:text/javascript sha512-AODL7i
dgffQeNsYdTzut09nz9AINcjhj4jHD7
2HcLirsidbC8tz+dof7gceOCQD8Wske
uRFfJ9CsgZTHlMiOYg==”></script>
Integrity protection for
3rd
-party JavaScript
François Marier @fmarier mozilla

2. Firefox
Security & Privacy

3. Web Platform

4. Web Platform

5. Content Security Policy
aka CSP

6. Content Security Policy
aka CSP
mechanism for preventing XSS

7. telling the browser what external
content is allowed to load

8. what does CSP look like?

9. $ curl --head https://mega.nz
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 1989
Content-Security-Policy:
default-src 'self' *.mega.co.nz *.mega.nz
http://*.mega.co.nz http://*.mega.nz;
script-src 'self' mega.co.nz mega.nz data:
blob:;
style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline' *.mega.nz
*.mega.co.nz data: blob:;
frame-src 'self' mega:;
img-src 'self' *.mega.co.nz *.mega.nz data:

10. Hi you<script>
alert('p0wned');
</script>!
Tweet!
What's on your mind?

11. without CSP

12. Hi you!
John Doe - just moments ago
p0wned
Ok

13. with CSP

14. Hi you!
John Doe - just moments ago

15. Content-Security-Policy:
script-src 'self'
https://cdn.example.com

16. inline scripts are blocked unless
unsafe-inline is specified

17. script-src
object-src
style-src
img-src
media-src
frame-src
font-src
connect-src

18. $ curl --head https://twitter.com
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
content-length: 58347
content-security-policy: …
report-uri https://twitter.com/csp_report
violation reports:

19. "csp-report": {
"document-uri":
"http://example.org/page.html",
"referrer":
"http://evil.example.com/haxor.html",
"blocked-uri":
"http://evil.example.com/image.png",
"violated-directive": "default-src 'self'",
"effective-directive": "img-src",
"original-policy":
"default-src 'self';
report-uri http://example.org/..."
}

21. support for inline scripts
Content-Security-Policy:
script-src 'sha256-YWIzOW...'

23. Strict Transport Security
aka HSTS

24. Strict Transport Security
aka HSTS
mechanism for preventing
HTTPS to HTTP downgrades

25. telling the browser that your site
should never be reached over HTTP

27. GET bank.com.au 301→
GET https://bank.com.au 200→
no HSTS, no sslstrip

28. GET bank.com.au → 200
no HSTS, with sslstrip

29. what does HSTS look like?

30. $ curl -i https://login.xero.com
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: private
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN

31. with HSTS, with sslstrip
GET https://bank.com.au 200→

32. silent client-side redirects
HTTP → HTTPS

33. no HTTP traffic for
sslstrip to tamper with

34. except for the very
first connection

35. https://hstspreload.appspot.com/

36. pop quiz!
how many .au sites are
on the preload list?

37. aurainfosec.com.au
bcm.com.au
bigbrownpromotions.com.au
comssa.org.au
data.qld.gov.au
dreamsforabetterworld.com.au
dylanscott.com.au
fatzebra.com.au
freethought.org.au
netrider.net.au
publications.qld.gov.au
technotonic.com.au
thomastimepieces.com.au
tracktivity.com.au
tradingcentre.com.au
webandwords.com.au
16

38. aurainfosec.com.au
bcm.com.au
bigbrownpromotions.com.au
comssa.org.au
data.qld.gov.au
dreamsforabetterworld.com.au
dylanscott.com.au
fatzebra.com.au
freethought.org.au
netrider.net.au
publications.qld.gov.au
technotonic.com.au
thomastimepieces.com.au
tracktivity.com.au
tradingcentre.com.au
webandwords.com.au

43. 2015?

48. https://ajax.googleapis.com
/ajax/libs/jquery/1.8.0/
jquery.min.js

49. how common is this?

51. what would happen if that
server were compromised?

53. Bad Things™
steal sessions
leak confidential data
redirect to phishing sites
enlist DDoS zombies

54. simple solution

55. instead of this:
<script
src=”https://ajax.googleapis.com...”>

56. <script
src=”https://ajax.googleapis.com...”
integrity=”sha256-1z4uG/+cVbhShP...”>
do this:

57. You owe me $10.00.
f4243c12541be6f79c73e539c426e07a
f2f6c4ef8794894f4903aee54542586d

58. You owe me $1000.
1ebd7a8d15a6dab743f0c4d147f731bc
fc6b74752afe43afa5389ba8830a2215

59. guarantee:
script won't change
or it'll be blocked

60. limitation:
won't work for scripts
that change all the time

61. 3 types of scripts

62. dynamically-generated script:
not a good fit for SRI
I

63. immutable scripts:
perfect for SRI
II

64. https://ajax.googleapis.com
/ajax/libs/jquery/1.8.0/
jquery.min.js

65. what about your own scripts?
(they change, but you're
the one changing them)

66. III
scripts under your control:
good fit for SRI

67. can usually add the hashing to
your static resource pipeline

68. #!/bin/sh
cat src/*.js > bundle.js
HASH=`sha256sum bundle.js |cut -f1 -d' '`
mv bundle.js public/bundle-${HASH}.js

69. public/bundle-c2498bc358....js
Cache-Control: max-age=∞

70. <script src=”widgets.js”>
<script src=”app.js”>
<script src=”menu.js”>

71. <script src=”bundle-c2498bc....js”>

72. <script src=”bundle-c2498bc....js”
integrity=”sha256-c2498bc...”>

73. what else?

74. integrity=”
sha256-9Cm9ekBvKrtQ0A...
“ sha256-rKSr3LcX+EkeM=...
sha256-1z4uG/+cVbhShP...
sha384-RqG7UC/QK2TVRa...
sha512-AODL7idgffQeNs...
”

75. integrity=”
sha256-9Cm9ekBvKrtQ0A...
sha256-rKSr3LcX+EkeM=...
sha256-1z4uG/+cVbhShP...
“ sha384-RqG7UC/QK2TVRa...
sha512-AODL7idgffQeNs...
”

76. integrity=”
sha256-9Cm9ekBvKrtQ0A...
sha256-rKSr3LcX+EkeM=...
sha256-1z4uG/+cVbhShP...
sha384-RqG7UC/QK2TVRa...
sha512-AODL7idgffQeNs...
”

77. what about cross-origin requests?

78. “a web browser permits scripts contained in a first
web page to access data in a second web page,
but only if both web pages have the same origin”
same-origin policy

79. example.com/index.html

80. example.com/index.html
example.com/data.js:
var secret = 42;

81. example.com/index.html
example.com/data.js:
var secret = 42;
evil.net/widget.js:
exfiltrate(secret);

82. example.com/index.html
example.com/data.js:
var secret = 42;
evil.net/widget.js:
exfiltrate(secret);

84. on the server:
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *

85. on the server:
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
on the client:
crossorigin=”anonymous”

86. <script
src=”https://ajax.googleapis.com...”
integrity=”sha256-1z4uG/+cVbhShP...”
crossorigin=”anonymous”>
complete example:

87. <link rel="stylesheet"
href="style.css"
integrity="sha256-PgMdguwx/O..."
crossorigin=”anonymous”>
complete example:

88. cat file.js
| openssl dgst -sha256 -binary
| openssl enc -base64 -A

89. SRIhash.org

91. status?

92. spec is being finalized

93. (initial implementations)

94. demo

95. <html>
<head>
<title>Bug 992096 - Implement SRI</title>
<link rel="stylesheet"
href="http://localhost/francois/sri/style.css"
integrity="
sha256-PgMdguwx/O1ZJKqtGj54HIScoj0UEDV4ti5tLuc4DvA="
crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>
<h1>This should be red if the hash matches!</h1>
</body>
</html>

96. h1 {
color: red;
}

99. <html>
<head>
<title>Bug 992096 - Implement SRI</title>
<link rel="stylesheet"
href="http://localhost/francois/sri/style.css"
integrity="
sha256-bogus"
crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>
<h1>This should be red if the hash matches!</h1>
</body>
</html>

102. Questions?
feedback:
francois@mozilla.com
mozilla.dev.security
public-webappsec@w3.org
© 2015 François Marier <francois@mozilla.com>
This work is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License.

103. photo credits:
bank notes: https://www.flickr.com/photos/epsos/8463683689
web devs: https://www.flickr.com/photos/mbiddulph/238171366
explosion: https://www.flickr.com/photos/-cavin-/2313239884/