This research has been emphasized on integration of plants in highrise building through green facades design which play a vital role for the energy conservation by the building as well as improving the living quality into these vertical cities. In this study, it has been studied to establish the necessity of planting to incorporate into highrise building, for 10 the well being of our economy, society and the environment. The provisions of integrate plants into highrise includes the four possible options like, Green roof, Green wall, Biofilter and Indoor potting plants which can be incorporate into the design. Benefits and impacts have been studied in terms of energy savings and indoor environmental qualities. NEED OF PROJECT: Aesthetic enhancement and sound reduction are the common benefits of green facades. They can also serve as an “extra insulation” of the building envelope. In winter, evergreen vegetation layer decreases the wind flow around the building façade.In addition heat radiation of the external walls is insulated by the dense plant foliage and thus help prevent building to be cooled down. Of all sun light that falls on the leaves, merely 5–30% of energy is passed through the leaf. The others may be reflected, transformed into heat, used for photosynthesis or evapotranspiration.This blocking of the direct sunlight disposal ensures a cooling effect in warmer climates and help the reduction of heat island effect especially in urban areas. Due to the evapotranspiration, green façades cool the heated air through evaporation of water. A research in Australia quantified energy saving and indicated that the green façade can save 9.5-18% of the cooling energy consumption in commercial buildings. Relevantly improves the building’s energy efficiency and produces ecological benefits for a more sustainable urban environment. The green envelope also reduces the quantity of UV light and cause a positive effect on building durability.

1. 1
DESIGN AND TECHNICAL ELECTIVE
REPORT ON
ADVANCED LANDSCAPE
“INTIGRATION OF GREEN FACADES IN HIGH-RISE
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS”
Submitted by
MR. ATHARV ASHISH MEHTA
FOURTH YEAR – B.ARCH
YEAR: 2020-2021
Under the Guidance
of
AR. NUPUR CHICHKHEDE
DR. D.Y PATIL COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE, AKURDI

2. 2
DR. D Y PATIL, COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
AKURDI, PUNE.
________________________________________________________________
TO WHOMSOEVER IT MAY CONCERN
This is to certify that ATHARV ASHISH MEHTA B.arch prefinal year student of college
DR.D.Y.PATIL COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AKURDI PUNE has done project
work in DESIGN AND TECHNICAL ELECTIVE under the guidance of Ar. NUPUR
CHICHKHEDE supported by architecture department Akurdi towards the fulfilment of
promotion to final year in Bachelor of Architecture during the period of June 2020 to
December 2020.

3. 3
ABSTACT
In the challenge of development in dense urban areas and environmental preservation,
sustainability is a significant requirement where green facade (vertical greening) is one of
those approaches that flourished during the last decade although it is not a new concept.
Hanging or vertical garden, vertical vegetable farms, balcony garden, container or planter
box greening, green or eco building, green roof or rooftop garden, wall planter, and green
envelop are all different aspects of this idea that demonstrate how wide this landscape can be.
Greening the building envelope with vegetation can be used as a mean to restore the
environmental conditions in dense urban areas. Designers can look for enhanced solutions
where the façades are more than tinted glass barrier. Several researches have proven the
environmental benefits of green facade on both new and existing buildings. They can be
applied for mitigating the effect of urban heat island, increasing biodiversity and ecological
value, insulating against environmental impact, outdoor and indoor comfort, social and
psychological wellbeing and enhancement of air quality for city dwellers. This article
discusses different systems of the green facade as a method of sustainable development
KEYWORDS
Vertical greening, Green wall, Green façade, Environmental Sustainability

4. 4
DECLARATION BY THE STUDENT
I ATHARV ASHISH MEHTA a bonafide student of DR.D.Y.PATIL COLLEGE OF
ARCHITECTURE AKURDI PUNE, hereby declares that this report entitled
“TRANSPORTABLE DWELLING MODULE FOR NATURAL OR MAN-MADE
DISASTERS FOR MAHARASHTRA REGION” for promotion in 5th
year Bachelor of
Architecture, is my original work and has not formed the basis or submitted to any other
universities or institution.
Place: Pune
Date: ATHARV A. MEHTA
Signature of stude

5. 5
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I am highly grateful to the Ar. Nupur Chichkhede(Faculty) and Dr. D.Y.
Patil College of Architecture, Akurdi (Pune), for providing this opportunity to complete
this report. A special gratitude I give to our subject guide, whose contribution in stimulating
suggestions andencouragement, helped me to coordinate my project especially in writing this
report.
I would like to express my gratitude to other faculty members of Architecture
department, for providing academic inputs, guidance and encouragement throughout this
period.
I would like to express a deep sense of gratitude and thank to Colonel S.K. Joshi
Director of the College, without whose permission, wise counsel and able guidance, it would
have been possible to carry out my project in this manner.
The help rendered by Ar. Nupur Chichkhede, for experimentation is greatly
acknowledged.
Finally, I express my indebtedness to all who have directly or indirectly contributed
to the successful competition of report
ATHARV A. MEHTA
Fourth Year B.Arch

6. 6
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CONTENTS PAGE NO.
1 CHAPTER 1: Introduction & Synopsis…………………………………9.
1.1 Background ……………………………………………………………..9.
1.2 Introduction …………………………………………………………..…9.
1.3 Need of project…………………………………………………………10.
1.4 Issue identification …………………………………………………….10.
1.5 Aim & Objective …………………………………………………..…..11.
1.6 Scope of Project…………………………………………………..……12.
1.7 Limitation………………………………………………………..……..12.
1.8 Methodology…………………………………………………..……….12.
2 CHAPTER 2: Literature Review………………………………………14.
2.1 Urban climate………………………………………………………….14.
2.2 Green Facades…………………………………………………………14.
2.3 Categories……………………………………………………………..15.
2.4 Technologies………………………………………………………….17.
2.5 Criteria for plant selection……………………………………………19.
2.6 Plant Species………………………………………………………….19.
2.7 Benefits of green façade……………………………………………...22.
2.8 Negative Aspects of green façade……………………………………26.

7. 7
3 CHAPTER 3 Case Studies /Best Practices ………………………………27.
3.1 Chilean Consortia Building, Santiago, Chile…………………………..27.
3.2 KMC Corporate Office, Hyderabad…………………………………….30.
4 CHAPTER 4: : Site Selection and site analysis …………………………32.
5 CHAPTER 5: Programme and Area Formulation……………………..33.
5.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………..33.
5.2 Dimensions…………………………………………………………...34.
6 CHAPTER 6: Module Design (Plan ,
Sections and Elevations, Views/ walkthrough)………………………..35.
7 CHAPTER 7: Conclusion……………………………………………….37.
REFERENCES ………………………………………………………………38.

8. 8
TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 1: flow diagram..........................................................................................................................13
Figure 2: temp variation graph .............................................................................................................14
Figure 3:freestanding st........................................................................................................................17
Figure 4: modular trellis........................................................................................................................18
Figure 5: cable net system ....................................................................................................................18
Figure 6: types of plants .......................................................................................................................20
Figure 7: temp. distribution of west wall..............................................................................................22
Figure 8: reduce heat island effect........................................................................................................22
Figure 9: temperature variation of green facades................................................................................23
Figure 10: prevent sound pollution .......................................................................................................23
Figure 11:collision zone.........................................................................................................................24
Figure 12:vegetated green surface reduce glass reflection..................................................................25
Figure 14: concept drawing ..................................................................................................................28
Figure 13: façade at autumn.................................................................................................................28
Figure 15: view of facade......................................................................................................................29
Figure 16: fixing detail ..........................................................................................................................29
Figure 17: kcm corp..............................................................................................................................30
Figure 18 elevations of facades ............................................................................................................31
Figure 19 façade design........................................................................................................................32
Figure 20 site pictures...........................................................................................................................33
Figure 21 Module design.......................................................................................................................35
Figure 22 elevation................................................................................................................................36
Figure 23 section...................................................................................................................................37

9. 9
1. CHAPTER 1- Introduction
1.1 BACKGROUND:
In view of the global economic, demographic, social and ecological development,
the future for a healthy environment looks uncertain. The facts are well-known about the
increasing consumption of energy and other resources, the resulting pollution and the
dependence on oil and oil producing countries and, therefore, the possible environmental
scenarios.The threat of a global greenhouse effect is ever present. The consequences
regarding the environment and the energy situation are obvious as ecological systems suffer
everywhere.
Highrise buildings, by definition are not primarily ecological. The construction
and running of these tall buildings can only be achieved at the cost of an extraordinary input
of primary energies and raw materials. They will ensure highly efficient use of spatial
resources if provided with high density of quality workstations and good connections to
public transport system. The reestablishment of “green” that was eliminated by its
construction can be a possibility to refurbishment the nature as well as improve the quality of
living into it. Thus the planning and design of Highrise Commersial Building influenced by a
complex series of demands, where green plants can play a vital role for the energy
conservation by the building as well as improving the living quality into these vertical cities.
1.2 INTRODUCTION:
This research has been emphasized on integration of plants in highrise building
through green facades design which play a vital role for the energy conservation by the
building as well as improving the living quality into these vertical cities. In this study, it has
been studied to establish the necessity of planting to incorporate into highrise building, for

10. 10
the well being of our economy, society and the environment. The provisions of integrate
plants into highrise includes the four possible options like, Green roof, Green wall, Biofilter
and Indoor potting plants which can be incorporate into the design. Benefits and impacts have
been studied in terms of energy savings and indoor environmental qualities.
1.3 NEED OF PROJECT:
Aesthetic enhancement and sound reduction are the common benefits of green facades. They
can also serve as an “extra insulation” of the building envelope. In winter, evergreen
vegetation layer decreases the wind flow around the building façade.In addition heat radiation
of the external walls is insulated by the dense plant foliage and thus help prevent building
to be cooled down. Of all sun light that falls on the leaves, merely 5–30% of energy is
passed through the leaf. The others may be reflected, transformed into heat, used for
photosynthesis or evapotranspiration.This blocking of the direct sunlight disposal ensures a
cooling effect in warmer climates and help the reduction of heat island effect especially
in urban areas. Due to the evapotranspiration, green façades cool the heated air through
evaporation of water. A research in Australia quantified energy saving and indicated that the
green façade can save 9.5-18% of the cooling energy consumption in commercial buildings.
Relevantly improves the building’s energy efficiency and produces ecological benefits for a
more sustainable urban environment. The green envelope also reduces the quantity of UV
light and cause a positive effect on building durability.
1.4 ISSUE IDENTIFICATION:
Highrise buildings, though considered as a negative structure over the earth, will remain
constructed as the population increased and so their demands. These tall buildings posses a
lot of bad affects over our economy, environment and society by their excessive energy

11. 11
consumption, toxic materials using and destroying ecological balance. But as we cannot stop
their construction all of a sudden, we need to search for alternative solutions to retrofit these
harmful effects.
The main problems that these buildings are impacting are as follows:
1. A greater amount of energy consumption for its cooling as the effect of excessive heat
gain by its exposed concrete roof, vast glass curtain and concrete wall façade.
2. Poor indoor environment quality for using toxin materials which often emits Volatile
Organic Components or VOCs. It also results for air tight situation for the air conditioning
purposes.
3. Negative impact on environment as its construction destroys the site’s ecology, flora and
fauna. Its highly reflective glass surface often confused the migrating birds with the reflection
of sky and trees cause the bird’s death as they try to fly into it.
These are the major problems, need to be addressed and focused to eliminate.
1.5 AIM & OBJECTIVE:
To find out the possible ways to integrate green facades into highrise building and
asses how the plants into the building design can help to reduce the energy use, improve the
environment and enhance the living quality.
OBJECTIVES:
a. To find out the provisions of integrate plants into the commercial design.
b. Analyze their impacts on energy consumption and living environment.
c. Explore the procedures of structuring the different ways of incorporating plants.
d. Suggest some alternative solutions to eliminate the drawbacks and propose some
guidelines for good practice to make it viable economically, socially and environmentally.

12. 12
1.6 SCOPE:
Green facades attract and lose less heat. The plants also cause evaporation, which helps keep
the town or city’s climate cooler. Vertical vegetation is currently of interest. For centuries
certain climbing plants such as wisteria and virginia creeper have been used to adorn building
facades. Advanced landscape is rather a latest term in field of architecture. Using
technologies and new materials to adopt sustainability. This study deals with designing and
proposal part in landscape of urban cities.
1.7 LIMITATION:
• This facades are limited to the buildings in urban area.
• Rules and regulations restricts further land reclamation possibilities.
• Financial restrictions need to be considered.
• Live case study for proper Green facades unavailable in India.
1.8 METHODOLOGY:
This report is based on the research from literature reviews, documented analysis and
information from website, reports, and case studies. The tranquil data for more valid results
are taken from various fact sheets. Some of the figures and tables stated and analyzed here
are also taken from secondary sources. The aim was set for asses the contribution of plants in
highrise building design, as described in chapter one. The objectives were decided to
breakdown the process of assessment stated in the ‘Aim’. Chapter one describes the
Introduction & basic synopsis abount the topic. In Chapter two, the possible options and
types for green façade design are introduced. Whereas Chapter two also emphasizes on the
information of the benefits of the options found for plant incorporation through green facade.

13. 13
Positive outcomes are analyzed for the process and drawbacks are referred for more research.
Then the installation technology of the green facades and criteria for plants selection, with
appropriate examples, studies and figures also included int this chapter. Chapter three
includes the case studies of green facades practiced by Architect, along with the analysis
about their contribution on energy consumption, environment and society.A number of
guidelines are also proposed for the best practice and at the end the conclusion is given to
state the fulfillment of the requirements of the report work. For the analysis the descriptive
process are followed with the help of figures, graphs and tables, to find out the optimum
possible ways to incorporating plants through facades and the reason behind to take these
options. Same process is followed for benefit analysis. Based on the analysis the
recommendations are made for integrating those options into highrise building design in the
aim to make these tall buildings fit into the ‘Green movement’.
Figure 1: flow diagram
Identification of research question and need for the
research.
Literature review
Modular architecture
basic information.
Case Studies
Identification of issues
Understanding of
evolution
Inferences
Conclusion

14. 14
2. CHAPTER 2: Literature Review
2.1 URBAN CLIMATE:
Vertical vegetation protects the walls from direct solar radiation. The facade heats up less,
absorbs less heat and emits less heat at night. The plants also emit water vapour through
evaporation, which also enhances the cooling eect in the surrounding area. In short, vertical
vegetation has a tempering eect on the maximum temperatures. Evergreen climbing plants
such as ivy also protect the facade from cooling in fall and winter. Tempering the
temperatures in both winter and summer can contribute to saving on energy from heating and
cooling. For shade, climbing plants can also be used for pergolas.
2.2 GREEN FACADES (GREEN OUTER):
The green façade is the outer wall which can be free-standing or part of a building, partially
or completely covered with vegetation and in some cases, soil or an inorganic growing
medium. They are also referred to as living walls, biowalls, or vertical gardens. The
vegetation for a green façade is always attached on outside walls, but some cases it can also
be used in interiors. The green walls being advocated today are designed and engineered with
a support structure. Based on current applications and data from the experience of green walls
can offer considerable cost savings to both the public and private sectors. For example, the
reintroduction of vegetation into cities has been correlated with the reduction of the urban
heat island effect, and therefore will reduce energy consumption (Sharp R., 2007). Cities are
Figure 2: temp variation graph

15. 15
cooler and quieter through shading, evaporative transpiration, and the absorption of sound by
green walls.
For centuries certain climbing plants such as wisteria and virginia creeper have been used to
adorn building facades. In Germany the greening of walls is called Architektentrost, as many
failed designs have been hidden from sight using vertical vegetation. The advantage is that it
takes up little space in an already intensively used urban area, while providing many vertical
metres of green. One should not forget that a climbing plant which can cover a ve story
building in the span of a few years requires sucient space for its roots to remain healthy. The
plant does not need much space on the ground, but some space is required underground.
Three types of vegetation can be discerned:
• Self-climbing plants, which climb using tendrils, twining stems or suckers;
• Climbing plants that need a construction placed in front of the wall along which they
can grow and climb;
• Hanging plants which grow from pots on the roof or balcony (these plants require
more care: fertiliser, water and protection against frost);
• Green facade gardens, whereby plants grow upwards from pots fastened to the facade
or from a substrate attached to it. These are generally costly and fragile solutions due
to the intensive care and maintenance required, including regular watering and
fertilising. The question arises as to how sustainable these solutions can be.
They should only be applied in cases where plants cannot be put directly in the earth
at the base of a facade.
2.3 CATEGORIES:
There are two main categories of green facades: direct system green facades and indirect
system green facades. Green façades are made up of climbing plants either growing directly

16. 16
on a wall or in specially designed supporting structures. The plant shoot system grows up the
side of the building while being rooted to the helps cool the building and minimize water
run‐off. On the other hand, in a living wall the modular panels are often comprised of
polypropylene plastic containers, geotextiles, irrigation systems, a growing medium and
vegetation Green façades are defined according to the application of climbers (deciduous or
evergreen), as attaching themselves directly to the building elevation (in traditional
architecture), or indirectly supported by steel cables, mesh or trellis,illustrates different kinds
of green facades. Climbers planted at the base of the buildings, in the ground, or in the
intermediate planter boxes or even on the rooftops, provide a relatively inexpensive façade
greening. The plants normally take 3-5 years before reaching full coverage.
a) Direct system of green facade :
In the first case, climbers planted in the ground at the base of the building as in
traditional architecture, allow to obtain a cheap façade greening work. Self-clinging
plants, which have been used frequently, have sucker root structure allowing them to
attach directly to a wall and covers the entire elevation. But they cannot be applied for
all building facades. These aggressive climbers can decay inappropriate walls and
cause some problems for maintenance or when the time comes for plant removal [6].
b) Indirect system of green facade:
In this case, vegetation is supported by cables or meshes while keeping them away
from the walls and other surfaces of the building. Different materials such as
aluminium, plastic, wood, steel (stainless steel, coated steel, galvanized steel) can be
used as supporter for climbing plants. Each of the materials causes changes on the
functional and aesthetical properties due to cost, profile thickness, different weight
and durability. The indirect greening system can be integrated with planter boxes at
different levels of the façade. In this case, the system requires nutrients and a watering

17. 17
system if the rooting space is not adequate and can be defined as a kind of living wall
system ,but two indirect green facade systems which are commonly applied are
“modular trellis panel” and “cable and wire-rope net” systems..
2.4 DESIGN TECHNOLOGIES:
Freestanding structures such as green columns or canopy tree forms made of rigid panels,
can be placed on either urban streets or rooftops where space is limited or weight is restricted.
The panels can also be used in horizontal applications such as arbors or as shading devices
over the upper level of a parking deck.
In Building Design and Construction, there are two primary types are modular trellis systems
and cable and rope wire systems.
(i) Modular Trellis Panel System: This modular system consists of a three-
dimensional, rigid, lightweight, panel and designed to hold a green facade off the
building membrane because plant materials do not attach directly to the building’s
facade. Panels are normally made from a powder coated, galvanized and welded steel
wire and prepare a captive rising environment for the climbing plants with numerous
supports for the climbers. Panels are usually made from steel and rigid enough to both
Figure 3:freestanding st.

18. 18
span between structures and be applied as freestanding green facades. They can be
fixed and combined to cover large parts and designed to form different shapes.
(ii) B: Cable or Wire-Rope Net System:
Cable or Wire-Rope Net System applies high-tensile steel cables, anchors and also
complementary equipment. Numerous pattern and sizes can be accommodated as flexible
vertical and horizontal wire-ropes are joined through cross clamps. Wire-nets which are more
flexible than cables and provide a greater degree of design utilization, are often used for
slower growing plants, but for green facades that are designed to support the faster growing
climber with denser foliage, cables are employed (Fig. 3).
Figure 4: modular trellis
Figure 5: cable net system

19. 19
2.5 CRITERIA FOR PLANT SELECTION:
In order to be able to make a successful and low-maintenance choice of climbing plants,
certain conditions must be kept in mind. In order to have as little maintenance as possible it
would be opportune to choose a plant with a natural growing height which is equal to the
desired growth height on the facade.
(i) A plant that is placed outside should be suitable for the climate of the context.
(ii) Plants require high standards in the application of supporting climbing constructions.
(iii)The requirements relate to the direction of the structure, the mesh size, the prole cross-
section, the wall distance and the distance from the ground level.
(iv)Plants in pots must be able to withstand greater extremes.
(v) Frost and freeze drying in winter but also drought in summer and excess water in wet
periods i.e.plants should be suitable for all weather conditions.
(vi)The choice of vegetation also depends on the direction of the facade and thus must be
selected carefully.
o Depending on the desired eect, a self-climbing evergreen which is able to climb on its
own and is adapted to shade would be a good choice for a north facing facade.
o For a south-facing facade a deciduous species which requires a climbing structure could
be useful, as it can also act as a sunshade. For a south-facing façade, fruit carrying
vegetation such as grapevines can also be considered.
2.6 TYPES PLANT SPECIES:
Species are usually selected based upon their tolerance of growing system, site-specific
environmental conditions, color, texture, rates of propagation, and root systems. The panels
support groundcovers, ferns, low shrubs, perennial flowers, and edible plants. Pre-vegetated
living walls offer an instant green wall for immediate impact.

20. 20
Green façades use climbing plants, which are divided into ‘self-supporting plants’ (root
climbers and adhesive-suckers) and ‘plants that need supporting structure’ (twining vines,
leaf-stem climbers, leaf climbers, and scrambling plants). Climbers vary by hardiness,
orientation, and climate. Plants used in vertical exterior applications are exposed to harsher
climactic conditions than those at grade or indoors, and as a result, hardy species should be
selected for projects that intend to reach great heights. Similarly, climbers with a tolerance for
wind, frost, and heat should be selected for projects in less hospitable climates. Rooted at the
base f a green facade, climbing plants may take 3-5 years to achieve full coverag
Self-bonders with a growing height up to 30 m:
Common ivy (Hedera helix)
Three leaved creeper (Parthenocissus)
Self-bonders with a growing height from 8 up to 25 m:
American trumpet creeper
Old man’s beard (Clematis vitalba)
Sta vine (Celastrus orbiculatus)
Figure 6: types of plants

21. 21
Russian vine (Fallopia baldschuanica)
Chinese Wisteria (Wisteria sinensis)
Self-bonders and climbers with a climbing construction and growing height from 5 up
to 15m:
Kiwi (Actinidia chinensis)
Birthworts (Aristolochia)
Wild hop (Clematis virginiana)
Honeysuckle (Lonicera)
Five leaved creeper (Parthenocissus family)
Japanese wisteria (Wisteria oribunda)
Small climbers with a growing height up to 5 m:
Old man’s beard hybrides (Clematis vitalba)
Japanese spindle (Euonymus)
Black Bryony (Dioscorea communis)
Climbing rose
Small climbing plants:
Red bryony (Bryonia dioica)
Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis)
Larger Bindweed (Convolvulus sepium)
Bittersweet (Solanum dulcamara)
Sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus)

22. 22
2.7 BENEFITS OF GREEN FACADES:
A. Reduce energy consumption:During summer, hot walls cause temperature to rise inside
buildings increasing demand on cooling systems and consuming more energy. A Green
Wall surface temperature is reduced by up to 10°C when covered with plants and moist
soil. In 1979, Green Wall research by Akira Hoyano (Professor, Tokyo Institute of
Technology), a pioneer in passive and low-energy architecture, revealed that the heat
energy that passed through a Green Wall was significantly lower than a concrete wall (see
below graph).
B. Reduce Heat Island Effect :
The Tokyo City Government recently undertook a study to measure the effects of Green
Walls on the Heat Island effect, and in essence, to confirm Professor Hoyano's earlier
findings.
Figure 7: temp. distribution of west wall
Figure 8: reduce heat island effect

23. 23
They not only confirmed the findings, but they were able to derive the significance of Green
Walls in cooling buildings and combating the Heat Island Effect.
C. Reduce Heat Gain:
With the Green Wall tests shown here, it was discovered that Green Wall panels reduce the
wall temperature by 10°C as seen in the graph below. It was also concluded that Green Wall
panel reduce energy transfer into a building by ~0.24kWh/m2 . This is approximately 60%
less than that of a Green Roof. The above calculations can be used in the same manner;
however, Green Wall energy savings calculations depend greatly on the direction the wall is
facing, the sun's angle in the local region, and many other factors that make calculating Green
Wall energy savings complex .
D. Sound Insulator:
Green wall will act as a sound insulator for the building. It worked as a barrier for noise, dust
and protect the wall as a shell.
Figure 9: temperature variation of green facades
Figure 10: prevent sound
pollution

24. 24
E. Prevent Bird kill:
Green façade or green exterior wall can prevent a noticeable number of bird kill every day.
During the two annual migration periods, the resident bird population experiences a
significant influx of migratory birds. Most migratory bird species are unable to adapt to living
in cities. During their biannual flyovers they become confused by the combination of light
pollution and the effects of glass in the urban environment. This often results in significant
numbers of birds colliding with buildings. From 100 million to 1 billion birds are annually
estimated to be killed striking clear and reflective windows in the U.S. The yearly death toll
is in the billions worldwide. Observations and experiments over more than 30 years have
revealed that birds act as if clear and reflective paneLs are invisible. In daytime strikes occur
because birds cannot perceive images reflected in glass as reflections, and thus will fly into
windows that they think are trees or sky. Clear glass also poses a danger as birds have no
natural sense designed to perceive clear glass as a solid object. Birds will strike clear glass
while attempting to reach habitat and sky seen through glass façade. The impact of striking a
reflective or clear window in full flight often results in death.
Figure 11:collision zone

25. 25
The most hazardous areas of all buildings, especially during the day and regardless of overall
height, are the ground level and bottom few stories. Here, birds are most likely to fly into
glazed facades that reflect surrounding vegetation, sky and other features attractive to birds.
Radar tracking has determined that approximately 98% of flying vertebrates (birds and bats)
migrate at heights below 500 meters (1640 feet) during the spring, with 75% flying below
that level in the fall. Today, many of the tallest buildings in the world reach or come close to
the upper limits of bird (and bat) migration . Any building over 500 feet tall then
approximately 40-50 stories is an obstacle in the path of avian migration and must be
thoughtfully designed and operated to minimize its impact.
The vegetated green wall should be the better solution for theses bird’s kill. The vegetation
will cover the reflecting glass considerably protect the birds from death. On the top of that
these walls will provide them a place to rest whiles their migration.
F. Ecological Preservation and beautification:
Keeping in step with practical and ecologically sound planning, native plants and drought
tolerant plants are considered great vegetation choices for green walls, native plants
providing habitat restoration and a food source for local birds and butterflies, and drought
Figure 12:vegetated green surface reduce glass reflection

26. 26
tolerant plants conserving valuable water. Green walls can even sustain vegetable growth,
including the growing of lettuce, herbs, beets, tomatoes, strawberries, radishes & carrots.
Green facades utilize soil, or a special inorganic growing medium which works with
fertilizer, holds adequate water, and allows the roots to receive plenty of air. The growing
medium is perfectly capable of sustaining hydroponics systems. Living wall also have the
Possibilities for habitat preservation and protection of flora and fauna, as it replaces land
taken by buildings and thereby contributes to preserving biological diversity. It thus increased
urban habitat for song birds and butterflies. Its movement, color, sound and texture of plants
add to the overall health and well being of citizens, beautifies barren eyesores of our
cityscape and provide unique opportunities for design and creativity as well health and
horticultural therapy applications. Thus the community overall have benefited from the
environmental improvements by these green walls.
2.8 NEGATIVE ASPECTS:
For both green façades and living walls, climbing plants can be selected that do not bear fruit
or provide a food source. Also, property managers prefer closely cropped vegetation to
discourage shelter or nesting sites for birds. Any excessive growth or dead wood should be
removed, and standing water should be avoided. A continuous gravel strip at the base of the
building is recommended.
The installation costs of direct green façade as well for indirect greening are climbing plants,
and a dig at the base of the façade and the supporting system and steel mesh cost should be
added to indirect green façade. For the indirect green façades combined with planter boxes
the costs are higher because besides these systems they require an irrigation system.
Maintenance cost depends on the type of the green façade. For the direct and indirect green
façades, which is planted at the base of the façade, maintenance covers only pruning every
year. These costs are different for the first four years and for the other remaining years of

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service life. For the indirect greening system combined with planter boxes, maintenance
needs include also the plant species substitution and water pipes substitution
3. CHAPTER 3: Case Studies
3.1 CHILEAN CONSORTIA BUILDING, SANTIAGO, CHILE:
• Architect: Henry Browne - Borja Huidobro
• Location: Las Condes. Santiago, Chile Santiago,
• Chile Owner: National Trust Insurance - Life
• Built Area: 26,720 m2
• Surface: 3781 m2
Green building seems to be the solution to cities who hardly have a chance to
plant trees. Architects Henry Browne and Borja Huidobro have built the National Insurance
building in Las Condes, Santiago, Chile. The building has various eco-friendly features that
made it a sustainable one. One of the features is its interior and exterior thermo-panels
vegetation that absorbs the heat of the sun. Another great green feature it has is its front wall
that turns into a vegetable garden of around 3000 square meters vertical, wherein the plants
changes into different looks over the years depending on the season.
It resides in Santiago; the land is bounded by Avenida El Bosque, higher flow
street, and two small streets, and uses up to 48% less energy due to the exterior vegetation .
The building has 16 levels and it is 75mts long. The 2 volumes are responsible for setting up
a gallery with access, another volume contains 3 levels. This great body is bent by its west
side and aligned with the axes of Tobalaba Forest. The building was vertically separated
according to the requirements of the owner. The facades were developed with particular care.
The western orientation of the building is protected by the double facade construction that

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allows vegetation to grow on a system separate from the building. The vegetated facade
makes up about 3,000 square meters. From the interior, it creates a lush barrier, shading its
inhabitants from the beating sun and inside creating an atmosphere more like living inside in
a secret garden. When the plants are not a luscious green, they turn colours of bright reds and
yellows in the fall. While MFO Park using mostly cable system for the plants to grow on,
there is a second track halfway up the structure that is like a large planter that runs the length
and provides a second level of vegetation. The track also has an area for maintenance workers
to walk and take care of the plants and lighting.
Figure 14: façade at autumn
Figure 13: concept drawing

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Figure 16: fixing detail
Figure 15: view of facade

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3.2 KMC CORPORATE OFFICE, HYDERABAD:
• Architect: RMA architect
• Location:Laxmi Cyber City, Hyderabad, India
• Chile Owner: National Trust Insurance - Life
• Built Area: 26,720 m2
Located in CyberCity,Hyderabad, this corporate building employs the idea of a double skin
as a visually dynamic façade, as well as a screen that humidifies the air entering the building
– to create evaporative cooling for the interiors. The inner skin of the building is a reinforced
concrete frame with standard aluminum windows. The outer façade comprises of a custom
cast aluminum trellis with hydroponic trays and drip irrigation, integrated for growing a
variety of plant species. The trellis also has an integrated misting system in order to control
and regulate the amount of water released to the plants and used when required – to cool the
building or cleanse the façade of dust in the hot and windy summer months in Hyderabad.
The principal of the facade is inspired by the idea of a double skin that allows a modulation
of light and air through the building. This is in contrast to the business-as-usual idea of the
‘green-facades’, which is a simple application on a surface purely serving an aesthetic, not a
performative function.
Figure 17: kcm corp.

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In this project, the screen also takes on the aesthetic function of a dynamic façade where
assorted species of climbing plants are organized in a way to create patterns, as well as bloom
at various times of the year, bringing attention to different parts of the building façade
through the changing seasons. The company employs 20 gardeners who tend to the façade
and can access it though a system of catwalks on all five levels. The penetration of the
building visually by two very disparate groups – both socially and economically, also softens
the social threshold created by class differences, which are inevitable in corporate
organizations in India. But most importantly, the building demonstrates the relevance of
traditional cooling systems of humidified surfaces used through time in the hot and dry
climates of South Asia.
Figure 18 elevations of facades

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4. CHAPTER 4: Site Selections & Analysis
Location: Mumbai, Maharashtra.
Owner: 119 Business Point
No. of stories: 2 (with a space between roof and the slab of upper floor, locally known as
‘Potmala’)
Construction material: RCC structure with glass facade
Architectural style: Modern architecture.
Existing facade style: Glass facade
Figure 19 façade design

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5. CHAPTER 5: Programme and Area Formulation
5.1 Introduction
The appreciation of beauty, design and innovation while respecting the environment! An
elegant set of carefully selected plants and herbs that can be combined according to the
preference while considering climatic and environmental factors. The modular unit is
supported by cutting-edge technology, ensuring remote management of integrated irrigation
and fertilisation, maintaining plant healthy on the green wall over time. The system is based
Figure 20 site pictures

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on a module that can be attached to a wall or self-supporting structure with no limits to the
imagination.
5.2 Dimensions requirement
The module is able to be transported by truck, which means a single element needs to fit
within a container of 2.55 m x 4.00 m x 12.00 m. The dimensions of the planter box are
0.16 m x 0.80 m x 0.80 m, which is far less than the maximum allowed dimensions . This
means the requirement has been fulfilled.

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The LWS can be installed and removed easily and quickly by no more than two people,
which means as single element cannot weigh more than 30 kg when dry. With the help of
3D computer model, the exact volume of a planter box could be determined.
Volume planter box: 0.0039564 m³
Weight planter box: 5.87 kg
Weight after poting soil and plant: 27.86kg
6. CHAPTER 6: Module Design
A fundamental aspect concerns the laying time significantly lower in respect to other
suppliers on the market, thanks to the innovated installment system and the minimal weight
of the component. The component has a weight of approximately 10kg including soil and
plants. After the irrigation system is installed and activated, its total weight is a maximum of
28kg
Figure 21 Module design

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Figure 22 elevation
The Greenfacade Term gives top priority to respecting the environment. The product is
designed so that each component can be recycled and so that the amount of water for the
maintenance of the facade is reduced to a minimum.
The water requirements per square metre is equal to 15-20 litres/week during summer
months, while in winter months is approximately 10-12 litres/week. The unit guarantees an
excellent thermal insulation of building facade due to the characteristics of the material it is
made from.

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7. CHAPTER 7: Conclusion
The aim of the report was to find out the possible ways to integrate green facades into
highrise buildings and asses how the integration of plants into the design can help reducing
the energy use, and enhance the living quality. Why plants are necessary for the well being of
our economy, society and the environment. To fulfill the requirements of Objectives the
findings are organized accordingly throughout this report. The impacts of these options on
energy consumption and living environment, such as the benefits of Green facades on living
condition, environment, economy and society is elucidate with some of their drawbacks, and
the available technologies to integrate these options into the buildings. Discussion and
recommendations were made to overcome some of the drawbacks and some guidelines were
Figure 23 section

38. 38
proposed for good practice to make the. For the best benefit the building orientation and the
climatic condition of the site should also be necessary to consider while designing green
buildings besides incorporating plants into the design. We hope that the few drawbacks of
technologies should be overcome soon and more options to plant integration into highrise
building should draw the builder’s attention. Thus we can have a better environment as well a
better future for our next generation.
REFERENCES
Webbliography
1. https://www.urbangreenbluegrids.com/measures/green-
2. http://divisare.com/projects/295357-richard-breit-merwe-vierhavens-
rotterdam-nl
3. http://www.designersparty.com/category/Architecture?
4. http://europeanclimate.org/bpie/
5. https://www.frenchgardening.com/visitez.html?pid=30868260602634
6. http://www.landtechsoils.ie/product/green-walls-bin-fen-bespoke-model/
Bibbliography
1. facades/Acks, K. (2003), "A framework for cost-benefit analysis of green
roofs: initial estimates,"
2. pers.comm.
3. Adams B.J. and Fabian P. (2000), Urban stormwater management planning
with analytical
4. probabilisticmodels, John Wiley Sons Inc.

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5. Akbari H., Bretz S., Taha H., Kurn D. and Hanford J. (1990), Peak power
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6. savings of high- albedo roofs. Energy and Buildings-Special Issue on Urban
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