This technical Report gives details of the student's work experience program undertaken at Redeemer's University

1. TECHNICAL REPORT
ON
STUDENTS’ WORK EXPERIENCE PROGRAM (SWEP)
UNDERTAKEN AT
REDEEMER’S UNIVERSITY EDE, OSUN STATE, NIGERIA.
BY
IGINA PAUL
.MATRIC NO: RUN/MEE/21/10432
SUBMITTED TO THE
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
REDEEMER’S UNIVERSITY, EDE.
SEPTEMBER 2022.

2. i | P a g e
DEDICATION
I now dedicate this report to the almighty God, who has supported me throughout the program. I
would also like to dedicate this work to my parents, Mr. Nelson IGINA and Mrs. Mary IGINA.
Additionally, I would love to dedicate this work to my guardians, Mr. and Mrs. Olatunde-
Salawu, for their constant support throughout the program.

3. ii | P a g e
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.
I would be most pleased to acknowledge the almighty God who gave me the grace to partake in
this program. I also wish to thank all the members of staff who contributed to the success of the
SWEP 2022 scheme.
I also like to specifically thank my Dean, the Dean of Faculty of Engineering; Prof. O. Ososona,
general SWEP Director; Engr. Sayanolu, my group supervisor; Engr. O.K Olayanju, MR.
Ibikunle and ENGR. Orimogunje, for their support throughout the program.

4. iii | P a g e
ABSTRACT (SUMMARY).
This report is a summary of the knowledge I acquired during my six-week Students'
Work Experience Program (SWEP) at the Redeemer’s University, Ede, Osun State, with
Information majorly on the various places visited and practical projects embarked on, also
giving a full description of the theory and implementation of the various engineering discipline
The report also describes the student's involvement in the activities carried out during the
program.

5. iv | P a g e
Table of Contents
DEDICATION................................................................................................................................. i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT..............................................................................................................ii
ABSTRACT (SUMMARY). .........................................................................................................iii
CHAPTER PREVIEW.................................................................................................................... 1
CHAPTER ONE............................................................................................................................. 2
1 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................. 2
1.1 AIM AND OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................... 2
CHAPTER TWO ............................................................................................................................ 3
2 THE VISITS........................................................................................................................... 3
2.1 NEW ENGINEERING HOSTELS ................................................................................. 3
2.1.1 Electrical installation and Distribution Board........................................................... 4
2.1.2 Matching Soil topography to Building Structure...................................................... 5
2.1.3 Expansion Joint......................................................................................................... 5
2.2 RUN CONSULTS ........................................................................................................... 6
2.2.1 Bakery....................................................................................................................... 6
2.2.2 Water Factory............................................................................................................ 7
2.3 FACULTY OF LAW BUILDING .................................................................................. 8
2.3.1 Definition of terms...................................................................................................... 8

6. v | P a g e
2.3.1.1 Building.............................................................................................................. 8
2.3.1.2 Construction Site................................................................................................ 8
2.3.2 Phases Involved in Building Construction................................................................ 9
2.3.2.1 Planning/Design Stage ....................................................................................... 9
2.3.2.2 Pre – Construction............................................................................................ 10
2.3.2.3 Procurement ..................................................................................................... 10
2.3.2.4 Construction ..................................................................................................... 11
2.3.2.5 Post – Construction .......................................................................................... 11
2.3.3 Building Sub-Structure (Foundation) ..................................................................... 11
2.3.3.1 Factors influencing the adoption of Foundation.............................................. 11
2.3.3.2 Types of Foundation......................................................................................... 12
2.3.4 Structural Members................................................................................................. 13
2.3.4.1 Beams.............................................................................................................. 13
2.3.4.2 Columns and Buckling..................................................................................... 13
2.3.4.3 Slabs ................................................................................................................. 14
2.4 AFRICAN CENTER OF EXCELLENCE FOR GENOMICS OF INFECTIOUS
DISEASES (ACEGID) 15
2.4.1 Photovoltaic System ................................................................................................... 15
2.4.2 Solar Battery Systems................................................................................................. 16
2.4.2.1 DC Coupled System............................................................................................. 16

7. vi | P a g e
2.4.2.2 AC Coupled System............................................................................................. 17
CHAPTER THREE ...................................................................................................................... 19
3.1 PRACTICAL WORK ....................................................................................................... 19
3.2 Mechanical Engineering Practical..................................................................................... 20
3.2.1 Bottle Opener.............................................................................................................. 21
3.2.2 Muster Point Design ................................................................................................... 22
3.3 Electrical Engineering Practical........................................................................................ 23
3.3.1 Rectification.................................................................................................................. 23
3.3.1.1 Conversion of A.C. power to D.C. power............................................................ 24
3.3.2 Phone Charger Practical ............................................................................................. 24
3.5 Computer Engineering Practical ....................................................................................... 26
3.5.1 System Maintenance and troubleshooting.................................................................. 27
3.5.1.1 Hardware Troubleshooting .................................................................................... 27
3.5.2 Circuit Building and Simulation................................................................................. 28
3.5.2.1 Logic gates............................................................................................................. 29
3.5.3 Mobile App Development .......................................................................................... 32
4 CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................ 32
APPENDIX................................................................................................................................... 33
....................................................................................................................................................... 34
Figure of Muster Point signpost. Mechanical Engineering Practicals.......................................... 34

8. vii | P a g e
References..................................................................................................................................... 35

9. 1 | P a g e
CHAPTER PREVIEW
Chapter one is the introduction chapter, where the aim and objective of the report are stated.
Chapter two of the report majors on the student's engagement in various activities during the
program's visiting days. This section of the report is intended to give a detailed description of the
places, processes, and engineering encountered over the period of the visits. As organized by the
SWEP unit, students were given the privilege to visit the following places under the supervision
of a lecturer; New Engineering hostels, Ongoing Faculty of Law building, Redeemer's university
bakery and water factory, African Center Of Excellence For Genomics Of Infectious Diseases
(ACEGID).
Chapter three of the report gives a comprehensive outline of the practical projects undertaken
by the students in various departments. Students were made to engage in various practicals
spanning across all four departments of the Faculty of Engineering.

10. 2 | P a g e
CHAPTER ONE
1 INTRODUCTION
The Student Work Experience Program (SWEP) is an Engineering scheme for second-year
engineering undergrads. This program is organized by Tertiary institutions with the sole aim of
creating awareness among the students in the field of their various engineering disciplines. It is
designed to help student translate their theoretical knowledge into practical experience while
imbibing in them the right attitude to work. This report is a product of all experiences gathered
from sites visited and the diversity of tutoring given by lectures and engineers of the various sites
visited.
The experience encapsulates diverse areas of engineering as the engineering profession involves
interactions between various engineering disciplines while working on projects. My experience
comprises; visits to designated areas, where students are expected to witness the various
applications of engineering to real-world problems and project work.
1.1 AIM AND OBJECTIVES
The major objective of this SWEP report is to present the experience, skills, and knowledge
acquired during the course of the six-week SWEP program in a formal, easily accessible, and
understandable format for reference purposes. However, the following highlighted points are
also some objectives of this report:
1. To provide a comprehensive account of the knowledge and experience gained all
through the period of the program.
2. To provide a technical report on the various visits and projects covered by the student to
the program supervisors.

11. 3 | P a g e
3. To enumerate the advantages of the program relevant to the field of study.
4. To provide a suitable reference to me or any other interested user, as the need might be.
5. To serve as a means of verifying by the appropriate bodies, most especially the SWEP
organizing unit/department, that I was fully engaged in the compulsory six-week SWEP
program.
CHAPTER TWO
2 THE VISITS
The following were the places visited during the 2022 SWEP program. The aim of this section is
to give a review of the knowledge acquired as a result of the visits. As part of the requirement of
the program, all visits were supervised by the group supervisors, and proper order was
maintained throughout the visits.
2.1 NEW ENGINEERING HOSTELS
The first venue visited by my group was the newly completed engineering hostels. A brief
explanation was given by one of the supervisors pertaining to the electrical installation of the
building.
Firstly, the building is supplied with four low tension wires, one wire representing each electrical
phase supplied to the building, excluding the one wire with a black coating, which represents the
neutral for the installation. More explanation on that would be in a separate section.
Some of the keynotes to take from the design of the building, as pointed out by the architect of
the building, are; the cascading staircase, which matched the sloping topography of the soil; the
increase in beam thickness to support the slandering columns and the proper allocation of spaces
within the building.

12. 4 | P a g e
2.1.1 Electrical installation and Distribution Board
As earlier stated, the building is supplied with a three-phase power supply from the grid. In
order to efficiently allocate electric current to electrical appliances within the building, a
distribution board is used. Electrical appliances within a building have varying current ratings.
For example, the current rating for an electric water heater is 20Amps, that for an extension box
is 13Amps, and that for a light bulb is 5Amps. It is, therefore, necessary to protect electrical
appliances should there be a current surge. This task of managing the distribution of electric
current and protection of electrical appliances is done by the distribution board. Fig 0.2 shows
the schematic diagram of a distribution board.
Ground
connection
Three Phase input
output
Figure 0.1

13. 5 | P a g e
2.1.2 Matching Soil topography to Building Structure
A noticeable feature of the soil topography where the engineering hostels were built is that it
slopes. Although this might pose a drawback when making efforts to erect a leveled structure,
the brilliance of the architect and engineers help exploit this unwanted terrain. The structure
features cascading stairs that blend with the soil-sloping topography. A description is shown
below.
soil
Figure 0.2
Although the idea of cascading stairs solves the problem of the sloping terrain, it creates another
problem. As the building levels decreases, the height of supporting columns increases
accordingly. The slenderness ratio of the columns increases drastically, which increases the
tendency for the columns to buckle. In order to prevent buckling, the support beams at the
slender columns are made thicker. This greatly eliminates the tendency of buckling.
2.1.3 Expansion Joint
As pointed out by one of the supervisors, buildings having a span greater than 30m are usually
provided with an expansion joint/movement joint. The main function of the expansion joint is to

14. 6 | P a g e
cushion the stresses induced by building movement and thus prevent severe cracks that may
occur in the building structure. The joint is normally made to span through the whole building,
its walls, columns, slabs, and decks. Usually, they are made to have a width ranging from 25 to
30mm. Suitable materials such as neoprene, plastic or rubber, and asphalt fiberboard can be used
placed within the expansion joint to serve as cushions or fire insulators.
2.2 RUN CONSULTS
The redeemer's university consult features a school bakery and a water factory. The RUN consult
visit was intended to enlighten students on the manufacturing processes adopted by the facility.
Therefore, succeeding sections will provide a detailed account of the manufacturing processes at
the redeemer’s university consult.
2.2.1 Bakery
Various steps constitute the bread baking process. In order to achieve the desired end product,
certain equipment is employed in the manufacturing process. They include;
 The Spiral mixer: Used for mixing baking ingredients together. The configuration of the
spiral mixer allows it to switch between mixing speeds for effective results. The workings
of the spiral mixer are based on the incorporation of an electric motor that has a mixing
arm attached to its shaft. The motor's speed is varied by altering the amount of electric
current supplied to it with the help of a potentiometer. The motor also delivers the
appropriate torque need to achieve the mixing process. The finished product obtained
from the mixing process is referred to as dough.
 Weighing Scale: The Weighing scale is a device used to measure the weight of dough
needed to make the loaves of bread. The weight of dough adopted by the bakery is 1kg.

15. 7 | P a g e
 Baking pans: The baking pans simply act as molds that store the dough during the baking
process. They give the baked bread its shape and size.
 The Oven: The Oven is employed for bread baking. It supplies the needed heat at a
specified temperature to the bread loaves. For effective distribution of heat, a rotating
trolley is incorporated into the oven.
 The Slicing Machine: After baking, the bread loaves are allowed to cool for 2hrs.
Thereafter, they are introduced to the slicer, which divides the bread loaf into even slices.
A schematic showing the bread baking process is given below.
Figure 0.3
2.2.2 Water Factory
Before purified water can be achieved, it must have gone through several processes. Firstly, the
water is obtained mainly from a borehole source and stored in storage tanks. The stored water is
taken through a different purification process before the desired product is packaged for sale.
The various processes are shown in the schematic below.
Spiral
Mixer
Weighing
Scale
Grease
Dough
Place in
Pan
Leave
To
Rise
Place
In
Oven
Slice
In
Bread
Slicer

16. 8 | P a g e
Figure 0.4
2.3 FACULTY OF LAW BUILDING
This section will be focused on giving a detailed account of the knowledge acquired during the
visit to the ongoing Faculty of Law building. The Faculty of law building is a current building
project taking place at the institution. The building was first intended to be a four-story building,
but further adjustments were made, which now makes the project a three-story building.
2.3.1 Definition of terms
2.3.1.1 Building
A building is a structure with a roof and walls, mostly maintaining a single position, such as a
house or factory. Buildings are of various sizes, shapes, and functions and are chosen based on a
number of factors, ranging from building materials available, to weather conditions, to land
prices, soil topography, specific uses, and aesthetic reasons.
2.3.1.2 Construction Site
A construction site refers to any area or piece of land on which construction works are being
carried out. When a building construction is to take place on a piece of land, it is referred to as a
building construction site.
Borehole
Water
Source
Tank A Tank B
Tank C Tank D
Sand
Filter
Carbon
Filter
Reverse
Osmosis
Filter
Ultra-violent
Filte
Automatic
Packing
Machine

17. 9 | P a g e
2.3.2 Phases Involved in Building Construction
The construction process involves a set of detailed steps required to complete your construction
project. This process can be broken down into five phases;
1. Planning/Design.
2. Pre-Construction.
3. Procurement.
4. Construction, and
5. Post-Construction
2.3.2.1 Planning/Design Stage
The planning stage is the first phase of any building project. It is at this phase that the idea of the
project is conceived by the client. Also, a construction team is a setup comprising of the
architect, contractors, Engineers, Builders, and craftsmen. The architect is responsible for the
building drawing expected to meet the client’s requirements. The job of the architect is solely
defined as the assignment of spaces within a building design. A civil engineer is then expected to
produce a structural design of the building showing the structural elements such as beams,
columns, and slabs in detail. Through this, proper analysis can be carried out to determine the
number of structural elements needed to ensure a solid structure. Thereafter, electrical and
mechanical engineers also present engineering designs showing the electrical connections and
plumbing system of the building, respectively. Fig 0.4 shows an example of a structural design
that could be presented by a civil engineer.

18. 10 | P a g e
Figure 0.5 (Placeholder1)
The design phase is a crucial stage in building construction. Therefore, care must be
taken to avoid any possible form of error. One such error may include miscommunication in
design. A great deal of engineering communication is via drawings. Therefore, design engineers
must ensure to communicate ideas properly through drawings using conventional symbols and
signs.
Once the design has been approved, the building construction is taken into the next phase.
2.3.2.2 Pre – Construction
At this stage, a project team prepares the construction site before the work begins. As part of the
site preparation, certain things have to be done. They include; soil testing, land surveying, bush
clearing, and excavation. Also, during the pre-construction phase, several legal issues, permits,
and building codes are involved. Without proper paperwork management, documentation storage
and control can become another challenge.
2.3.2.3 Procurement
At this, the project team orders, purchases, or rents all the materials, tools, machinery, and
Services that would suffice for project completeness.

19. 11 | P a g e
2.3.2.4 Construction
This is the project execution phase. During the construction phase, the majority of the work is
headed by the contractor and subcontractors. As expected, the construction manager and
contractor will ensure the project progresses into actual construction. The architect, engineers,
and project manager perform quality control inspections, respond to Requests for Information
(RFIs), and review and approve technical submittals. The priority is to ensure that the project is
delivered by the contractor as designed.
2.3.2.5 Post – Construction
This phase marks the end of the building project. The site is cleaned, rentals are returned, and a
project review is carried out to ensure that no task is left down. Further building maintenance
will also be required to sustain the building's lifespan.
2.3.3 Building Sub-Structure (Foundation)
A building sub-structure refers to that part of the building that is buried underground. A more
technical term for such a structure is known as the Foundation of the building. The Foundation of
a building is the most important part of a building structure as it is responsible for bearing the
entirety of the building's load. Several kinds of foundations exist, and certain factors determine
the kind of Foundation to be adopted in a building project.
2.3.3.1 Factors influencing the adoption of Foundation
1. Primary Factors influencing the choice of Foundation include:
 Subsurface soil and groundwater condition.
 Structural requirements, including foundation loads, building configuration, and depth.
2. Secondary factors include:
 Construction methods, including access and working space.

20. 12 | P a g e
 Environmental factors include noise, traffic, and disposal of earth and water.
 Building codes and regulations.
 Construction risks.
2.3.3.2 Types of Foundation
1. Shallow Foundations
2. Deep Foundations
1. Shallow Foundation: transfer the load of the building to the earth at the column base or walls
of the sub-structure. They can be constructed to depths as little as a meter. Some include
examples include;
 Individual/isolated footing: used when loads are carried by columns.
 Combined footing: similar to isolated footings but used when two or more columns are
close and their individual footing overlap.
 Strip footing: used when building loads carried by walls rather than isolated columns.
 Raft/mat foundation: spreads across the entire building and is used to prevent differential
settlement of individual footings.
2. Deep Foundation: These foundations are constructed to go as deep as 20m to 65m. Deep
foundations consist of main categories. They include;
 Pile foundations: are constructed from cylindrical pipes of strong materials. They are
generally used in situations where the load-bearing capacity of the upper soil is low; they
are used for high-rise structures. Pile foundations resist structural load by skin friction.
 Drilled shafts: similar to pile foundation but possess higher load-bearing capacity. They
are usually used when the depth of hard strata is between 10m to 100m.

21. 13 | P a g e
2.3.4 Structural Members
The construction project features a number of structural elements. Some of these
elements/members include; beams, columns, and slabs. Their usefulness and types adopted to the
building are discussed below.
2.3.4.1 Beams
A beam is a structural element that resists loads applied to its axis, primarily by bending. Beams
are classified base on the type of support they possess. They include;
 Simply supported beams
 Fixed beams
 Overhanging beams
 Cantilever. etc.
2.3.4.2 Columns and Buckling
A column is a structural element that transmits the weight of the structure above to other
structural elements below through compression. In other words, a column is a compression
member. Columns are Prone to a kind of deformation known as buckling.
Buckling refers to a mode of deformation that results from the action of a load parallel to the axis
of a beam or column and leads to the lateral deflection of the beam or column under loading.
The tendency of buckling is dependent on a ratio known as the slenderness ratio, which is the
ratio of the effective length of the column to its radius of gyration.

22. 14 | P a g e
2.3.4.3 Slabs
A slab or commonly known as a concrete slab is a flat horizontal surface made of concrete.
Steel reinforcements are used in cases where the slabs are used in roofs, floor decking, and
bridges. They are usually supported by reinforced beams and columns, depending on their type.
Slabs provide walking surfaces in a building. They can also act as ceilings for lower stories.
There exist 15 different kinds of slabs. They are;
 Conventional Slab
 Flat slab
 Hollow Core Ribbed Slab
 Waffle Slab
 Sunken Slab
 Inclined Slab
 Slab with Arches
 Prestressed Concrete Slab
 Slab on Ground
 Hardy Slab
 Waist Slab
But the kind of slab used in the Law building was a simple flat slab, solid slab, and waffle slab.
Waffle slabs are used where larger span slabs or floors are required and in cases where there is a
limited requirement for the number of columns. Flat slabs contain no supporting beam but
deliver the corresponding load to supporting columns.

23. 15 | P a g e
2.4 AFRICAN CENTER OF EXCELLENCE FOR GENOMICS OF INFECTIOUS
DISEASES (ACEGID)
The African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases is a research center
located at Redeemer's University, Ede. Owing to the high demand for electrical energy at the
research center, the university made available Solar power, popularly known as the Photovoltaic
System (P.V. system), to cater to this demand. The visit to this center was centered on
understanding the implementation of P.V. systems in a building. The succeeding sections will
give a brief introduction to Photovoltaic Systems.
2.4.1 Photovoltaic System
A Photovoltaic system is one that converts solar energy directly to electrical energy. It consists
of an array of solar panels, an inverter, a battery, and a charge controller. A brief account of the
various component of the P.V. system and their functions are given below:
 Solar panels: These are the main components responsible for the actual conversion of
solar energy to electricity based on the properties of semiconductors. They consist of
individual solar cells that deliver up to 0.5V D.C. These cells are connected in series and
parallel to boost their effective voltage and current for commercial use.
 Inverter: Though most home appliances make use of D.C. power, they usually require an
A.C. input to function properly. The main purpose of the inverter is to convert the D.C.
power output of the solar panels into A.C. power fed to home sockets and appliances.
 Battery: Batteries act as backup sources. They are charged via the output of the solar
panels or the output of the inverter based on the solar coupled system adopted. Batteries
supply stored energy to home loads in cases where the sun’s intensity is low, for
example, at night.

24. 16 | P a g e
 Charge controllers: A charge controller monitors the charging voltage and current going
into the batteries to ensure that no damage is done to the batteries should there be an
upsurge. They help to sustain the battery life span.
2.4.2 Solar Battery Systems
As earlier stated, Batteries are backup sources that can be charged either by the output of solar
panels or the output of the inverter. Based on this, solar battery systems can be classified into
two. They are;
 D.C. Coupled Systems
 A.C. Coupled Systems.
2.4.2.1 DC Coupled System
In a D.C.-coupled system, the batteries are charged directly from the solar panels. Energy stored
in the battery is supplied to load via the inverter, i.e., the D.C. power of the batteries is converted
to an A.C. signal before being transferred to load. Within the D.C. coupled system, only one
power conversion is done – conversion of D.C. power from the battery to A.C. power at the
inverters.

25. 17 | P a g e
The schematic below shows the workings of a D.C. coupled system.
solar panel
Battery
Inverter
Load
Charge controller
Sun
light
DC
power
AC
power
Figure 0.6
2.4.2.2 AC Coupled System
The A.C. coupled system differs from the D.C. coupled system based on how the battery
receives its charging current. The system features an A.C. coupled battery, which is a battery
having an inverter with it, usually a two-way inverter.
Power output from the solar panels is first converted to A.C. power through the solar inverter.
The output from this inverter is supplied to the home loads and an A.C. coupled battery. The
A.C. coupled battery has incorporated into it a two-way inverter capable of converting A.C.
power to D.C. power for charging the battery and the reverse when powering home appliances
through the battery. It also contains a battery pack to be charged.

26. 18 | P a g e
The A.C. coupled system features three current/voltage conversions. Firstly, the conversion of
D.C. power to A.C. power by the solar inverter. Secondly, the conversion of A.C. power to D.C.
power by battery inverter for charging. Thirdly, the conversion of D.C. power from the storage
battery to A.C. power to be used by the loads. The diagram below describes the workings of an
A.C. coupled system.
solar
panel
inverter
battery
inverter
Battery
Load
AC to
DC
DC to
AC
DC to
AC
Sun
light
Figure 0.7

27. 19 | P a g e
CHAPTER THREE
The third chapter of this report gives a detailed account of the various house practicals embarked
on within every department. Each practical featured a concise and detailed lecture given by the
lab instructors on the working principle governing the designs to be made. The main essence of
the practical was to introduce the students to the basic engineering principles behind the
fabrication of various engineering designs. Also, as proof of understanding, students were
expected to work on projects in each department.
3.1 PRACTICAL WORK
Each department featured a list of practical work for students to engage in during the SWEP
2022 scheme. A table showing the departments and their Practical work is present below.
Serial
no.
DEPARTMENT PRACTICAL SCHEME
1 Computer Engineering 1. System Maintenance and
troubleshooting.
2. Circuit building and
simulation.
a. And gate/ nor
gate.
b. Implementation.
3. Introduction to Proteus.
4. Networking.
a. Clipping of standard
A and B cable.
b. Transfer of file.
c. Set up LAN cable.
d. I.P. configuration.
5. Mobile Application
development.
a. Crash course
b. Use of Android studio

28. 20 | P a g e
2 Mechanical Engineering 1. Designing a simple lever to
get a bottle open easily.
2. Design of a Muster point
for awareness.
4 Electrical Engineering 1. Design of Phone charger
a. Conversion of A.C. –
DC.
2. Soldering
3. Troubleshoot.
4. Solar Power Inverter
Installation.
5. House wire installation
a. Two-way switching
system.
6. Security Systems.
5 Civil Engineering Line marking/ Road marking
a. Using thermoplastic
paint
b. Car park.
3.2 Mechanical Engineering Practical
This section is focused on giving a detailed account of the various practical project carried out
under the department of Mechanical Engineering. Each project was designed to prompt creativity
and uniqueness in the students as they were expected to provide individual designs stemming
from their imaginations. The projects carried out in the Mechanical Engineering department
include; the design of a simple lever to open a bottle and the design of a muster point signpost.

29. 21 | P a g e
3.2.1 Bottle Opener
Aim: To design a simple lever to open a bottle easily.
Tools Used:
 Hack Saw
 File – square, triangular, and circular files.
 Scriber.
 Measuring tape.
 Bench Vice.
 Try Square.
Materials Provided: 40 X 100 (mm) metal plate, with a thickness of 4mm.
Procedure: A drawing of the final piece is to be made on paper with dimensions clearly shown.
Thereafter, with the help of the scriber and measuring tape, lines with proper dimensions are
marked out on the workpiece. By making use of the hack saw, the desired shape is cut out. After
this has been achieved, a suitable file is to be used to smoothen out edges. Proper finishing
should also be done to work the piece surface.
Precautions: Ensure to always use gloves when handling rough tools or materials.
Ensure to be fully kitted in Personal Protective Equipment.
Conclusion: At the end of the project, my team was able to come up with a working and
efficient bottle opener. The Drawing of the design can be found in the Appendix.

30. 22 | P a g e
3.2.2 Muster Point Design
A muster point is a location that people move to should there be an emergency such as a fire
outbreak.
Aim: The design of a muster point signpost.
Tools Used:
 Hack Saw
 File
 Snip
 Measuring tape
 Scriber
 Try Square.
Materials Provided: 2 X 2 (ft.) metal plate, with 2mm thickness.
Procedure: A drawing containing appropriate dimensions is first made on paper. With the
scriber, the design drawing is replicated on the metal workpiece. By using a suitable cutting tool
such as the snip or hack saw, the desired design is cut out.
Precautions: Ensure to always have gloves on when handling rough tools or materials.
Ensure to be fully kitted in Personal Protective Equipment.
Conclusion: At the end of the project, my team was able to come up with an appropriate design
for a muster point signpost. The Drawing of the design can be found in the Appendix.

31. 23 | P a g e
3.3 Electrical Engineering Practical
The practical carried out in the Electrical Engineering department involves the application of the
concept of rectification and voltage regulation to design a working phone charger. A brief
explanation of the theory of rectification is given below.
3.3.1 Rectification
Electric current could be categorized into two. They are; Alternating Current (A.C.) and Direct
Current (D.C.). Alternating current is characterized by oscillating signals which vary between
two peak values, positive and negative peaks. Whereas a D.C. signal is characterized by a
constant line.
Generally, electric power production, transmission, and distribution are done in A.C. Most home
appliances make use of direct current. Therefore, it becomes necessary to convert the alternating
current/ voltage coming from the distribution station to homes into usable direct current.
Why Alternating Current?
A majority of the transmission stations transmit electric power in A.C. This is done simply
because, as the length of the transmission cable increases, the electrical resistance also develops
increase. This can be deduced from the relationship below.
R α L
The major advantage of A.C. power is based on the ease with which its value can be
manipulated. The magnitude of A.C. power could easily be manipulated with the use of
transformers. This is based on the theory of electromagnetic induction. A.C. voltage could easily
be stepped up or stepped down with the use of a transformer, which makes transmission
efficient.

32. 24 | P a g e
3.3.1.1 Conversion of A.C. power to D.C. power
The conversion of Ac to Dc power is achieved with the use of a rectifier diode. A diode is an
electronic component that allows the flow of electric current in one direction. The connection of
this diode in a bridge is known as a bridge rectifier. Rectification can be done in two ways. They
include half-wave rectification and full-wave rectification.
3.3.2 Phone Charger Practical
Aim: To design a phone charging circuit
Components Used:
 Rectifier Diodes
 Transformer
 Resistor ( 1kΩ)
 Zener diode.
 Capacitors (1000µF)
 USB charger.
Circuit Diagram:
Figure 0.1

33. 25 | P a g e
Procedure: The circuit is first tested on a breadboard to ensure all components are fully
functional. Thereafter, it is transferred and soldered on a Vero board.
Conclusion: At the end of the practical, my team was able to come up with a fully functional
phone charger.
3.4 Civil Engineering Practical
The practical project undertaken with this department was Line Marking. Line marking deals
with the application of paint and other road markers in order to communicate information to road
users.
Materials Used:
 Thermoplastic Paint has a liquidation temperature ranging from 185 - 200º C.
 Paint brushes
 Paper tape for the efficient painting of lines.
 Measuring tape.
 Line marker.
Procedure: Firstly, the thermoplastic paint is heated to its melting point at about 185 -200º C.
while that is being done, suitable measurements are taken. With the help of the line marker,
visible lines are made at the boundary of the road mark to be made. As an act to further increase
efficiency, paper tape is placed at the boundary of the road mark to prevent the spillage of paint
to unwanted areas of the road surface. When the paint is ready, it is quickly applied with a
paintbrush to the section marked out for the road mark.

34. 26 | P a g e
Conclusion: At the end of the practical, my team successfully made a road mark for a parking
lot at the vice chancellor’s office building.
3.5 Computer Engineering Practical
The practical projects carried out in the department of Computer Engineering include;
PRACTICAL SCHEME
1. System Maintenance and troubleshooting.
2. Circuit building and simulation.
a. And gate/ nor gate.
b. Implementation.
3. Introduction to Proteus.
4. Networking.
a. Clipping of standard A and B cables.
b. Transfer of file.
c. Set up LAN cable.
d. I.P. configuration.
5. Mobile Application development.
a. Crash course
b. Use of Android studio

35. 27 | P a g e
3.5.1 System Maintenance and troubleshooting.
Computer system maintenance simply refers to the process of upkeep of the computer's external
components. It basically involves the activities of dusting, brushing, etc., which serve as
preventive measures against computer malware.
Some of the basic things which can be done to increase computer life span and possibly lead to a
smooth experience with your computer system include;
1. Cleaning of monitor with a dry cloth.
2. Regular cleaning of the keyboard with a brush or vacuum cleaner.
3. Avoid placing weighty material on the computer.
N.B.: The above-mentioned tips should be done when the computer is switched off.
3.5.1.1 Hardware Troubleshooting
Some problems that can be associated with a computer monitor and their remedy include;
1. Distorted Electrical Current: Distortion in electrical current from the power pack can
cause problems in the computer monitor as with any other computer part. If suspected,
simply plug the monitor into a wall socket separately. Another remedy to this is to obtain
a (UPS), Uninterruptible Power Supply, which will cancel out the electric distortions.
2. Interference from electromagnetic signals: Such Interference can usually be due to
devices like fans, speakers, or anything that work with an electromagnetic field. When
incorporating such devices into a computer system, the monitor should be shielded from
the electromagnetic field. The source of the interference is easy to recognize as it causes
the screen to wrap a little more in one direction than the rest. Another suitable remedy is
to take such a device further away from the desktop.

36. 28 | P a g e
3. Bad Cables: A common problem faced in computer hardware is usually related to bad
cables, i.e., the cable for the monitor can be bad. Also, the cables could also be prone to
electromagnetic interference like the rest of the monitor and can result in distortion of
Signals to the monitor. Usually, most cables are shielded to prevent such troubles.
4. Length of Cable: Cable length can result in some problems. Mostly, monitor cable
lengths fall under 5'. A longer cable will result in weaker signals.
Some other related computer problems and their solution are given below.
1. Slow computer:
 Run a Disk Cleanup
 Run a Disk Defragmentation
 Terminate programs
 Could be a possible risk of viruses. Run an Antivirus program
2. Frozen screen
 Terminate program
 Start a system restore.
 Restart your computer
 Check disk
3.5.2 Circuit Building and Simulation
Practical work under this section deals with the design, simulation, and implementation of
circuits. Suitable computer software was used to assist in the design and simulation phase of the
project. The software used was Proteus 8.6 professional. As a startup, students were introduced
to the concept of logic gates. Logic gates are the fundamental building block of a digital circuit.

37. 29 | P a g e
Representation of values obtained from measuring devices could be given as either analog or
digital systems. The analog system represents numeric values using indicators or pointers. In
contrast, Digital systems represent numeric values using digital symbols. There are three logic
gates that serve as building blocks within logic circuits. They are;
 The AND gate.
 The OR gate.
 The NOT gate.
Before going further to discuss these gates, a proper examination of the components used to
design these gates should be given. These components include diodes and transistors. For most
of the projects carried out, transistors were used. A transistor is an electrical component having
three pines that serve as its base, emitter, and collector. Based on the arrangement of the semi-
conductive material with the transistor, they are grouped into two; the PNP transistor and the
NPN transistor. They can easily be distinguished from their schematic symbol below.
For most of the projects carried out, PNP transistors were used. When using a PNP transistor, the
emitter pin is supplied with the positive voltage, while the base pin should be held low. In this
configuration, the transistor is said to be in its on-state.
3.5.2.1 Logic gates
As discussed earlier, there are three main logic gates that serve as building blocks in logic/digital
systems. Firstly, a description of the AND gate would be given as a Logic system that simply
runs on certain rules guiding the system. These rules guide the system output base on the

38. 30 | P a g e
supplied input. For simplicity system, input and output would be described using binary signal –
1 representing the high state and 0 representing the low state.
 AND gate: an AND gate simply takes in two inputs, say A and B. It only gives a high
output when both inputs are high. A truth table for the various out of the AND gate is
given below.
A B Output
0 0 0
1 0 0
0 1 0
1 1 1
The circuit diagram for an AND gate using PNP transistors is given below.
 OR gate: The OR gate also takes in two inputs. It gives a high output when either of the
two inputs is high or both. The truth table for the OR gate is given below.
A B Output
0 0 0
1 0 1
0 1 1
1 1 1
Also, the circuit diagram for the OR gate is given below.
 NOT gate: The NOT gate, on the other hand, only takes in one input. It inverts the input
signal, i.e., gives a high output when the input is low and vice versa. The truth table for
the NOT gate is given below.
INPUT OUTPUT
1 0
0 1
The circuit diagram for the NOT gate is given below.
The above circuits were simulated with the help of Proteus 8.6 professional. They were
further tested and implemented on a breadboard.
3.5.3 Networking

39. 31 | P a g e
The project carried out under this section focus on the construction of network cables, the
color codes, and the various instruments used to make network cable. Networking refers
to the connection of computers in order to transfer data. Transmission of data can be done
in two ways – wired/guided transmission and wireless/unguided transmission.
Wired transmission is done with the use of networking cables such as fiber optic cables,
coaxial cables, and twisted pair cables. Twisted pair cables are further divided into two.
They are; Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP), Shielded Twisted Pair (Shield Twisted Pair).
Materials Used: The materials used for the construction of network cables include;
 UTP/ STP cables.
 RJ 45/R.J. 11 connectors.
 Crimping tools.
 Network Cable tester.
 Puncher.
Connection of network cables can be made in two ways- Straight connection (Standard A)
and Cross-connection (Standard B).
Color Codes Used for Straight connection: White/green – Green – white/yellow – Blue –
white/Blue – yellow- white/brown – Brown.
Color Codes used for Cross connection: white/yellow – Yellow – white/green – Blue –
white/blue – Green – white/brown – Brown.
Procedure: Align cables according to suitable color code. Place cables in R.J. 45/R.J. 11
connector. With the help of the crimping tool, clip cables to the network connector. Finally,
test the network cable with the help of the network cable tester.

40. 32 | P a g e
Conclusion: At the end of the project, my team was able to come up with a fully functional
network cable.
3.5.3 Mobile App Development
This project featured the use of Android Studio to build a mobile application. The programming
language employed in the design was the Kotlin Programming language.
At the end of the project, my team was able to develop a working mobile Application to display
both an analog and a digital clock.
4 CONCLUSION
This report has successfully given full detail of the various activities carried out in the SWEP
2022 scheme. The program, which was designed to contribute positively to the engineering
professionalism of the student, has proven to be a viable tool for student enlightenment and
should be encouraged in every tertiary institution.

41. 33 | P a g e
APPENDIX
Figure of bottle opener. Mechanical Engineering Project

42. 34 | P a g e
Figure of Muster Point signpost. Mechanical Engineering Practicals.
POINT
COURTESY SWEP 2021/2022

43. 35 | P a g e
References
 Donal P. Coduto and William A. KItch, 2001. Foundation Design: Principle and
Practices (3rd Edition), s.l.: s.n.
 Inc., J. C. S., n.d. phases-of-construction-project-management. [Online]
 Available at: https://www.jonasconstruction.com/blog/phases-of-construction-project-
management/
 VICTOR, T. O., 2016. Student Industrial Working Experience Scheme, s.l.: s.n.