This document discusses two projects related to measuring intangible assets: the SPINTAN project and a Telefonica Foundation project. The SPINTAN project aims to extend existing frameworks to measure public sector intangibles across multiple EU and other countries. It will create a public sector intangibles database and analyze the impact of public intangibles on innovation, well-being, and growth. The Telefonica Foundation project measures intangible assets in Spain's private sector across 24 industries from 1995-2011 using various data sources. It aims to capture the importance of intangibles in the new knowledge economy.
Intangible Assets and Spanish Economic GrowthSPINTAN
This document analyzes the role of different types of capital accumulation, including tangible, intangible, ICT, and public capital, as sources of economic growth in the Spanish economy from 1995 to 2011. It uses an econometric production function approach with industry-level data to examine the direct effects of different capital types and potential complementarities, particularly between intangible and ICT capital. Preliminary results suggest intangible capital may help explain productivity differences across industries and that intangible assets could be complementary to ICT capital, though more analysis is needed.
ICT, R&D and Non-R&D intangible capital: complementary relations and industry...SPINTAN
This document discusses a study analyzing the relationship between intangible capital (ICT, R&D, and non-R&D), their complementarity, and productivity growth across European countries and industries from 1995-2010. The main findings are: 1) Faster growing economies invested more in intangible capital like ICT and non-R&D, while slower economies relied more on tangible capital; 2) ICT, R&D, and non-R&D intangibles contributed significantly to productivity in most countries, especially in manufacturing; and 3) Non-R&D intangibles showed a strong correlation with ICT, suggesting they are important complementary policy factors for productivity.
The SPINTAN project proposes to measure public sector intangibles in the EU and other countries. It aims to 1) clarify boundaries and measurement of public intangibles, 2) build a database on public intangibles for 22 EU and other nations, 3) analyze the impact of public intangibles on innovation, well-being and growth, 4) study spillover effects to the private sector, and 5) study the impact of austerity policies. The project involves multiple work packages to achieve these goals and will provide analysis to improve policymaking.
ICT and Intangible Capital: Complementary Relations and Industry Productivity...SPINTAN
This document summarizes a study that examines the relationship between information and communication technology (ICT), intangible capital, and productivity growth in European industries. The study finds that intangible investment, including non-R&D intangibles like organizational capital and training, has grown faster in services than manufacturing. It also finds that ICT intensity is higher in services while R&D intensity is higher in manufacturing. The study uses an econometric model to test for complementarities between ICT and different types of intangible capital. The results suggest ICT investment is more productive when combined with investment in intangible assets like organizational capital and training.
Sources of country-sector productivity growth: total factor productivity and ...SPINTAN
This document summarizes findings from a study analyzing sources of productivity growth across countries and industries from 1995-2013, accounting for tangible and intangible capital. Key findings include:
1) Intangible capital provided larger contributions to productivity growth than tangible capital in some countries like the UK and US.
2) Intangible investment proved more resilient than tangible investment during the financial crisis and recovered more quickly in most countries.
3) Capital reallocation terms suggest some countries saw capital flowing to industries with above-average growth after the crisis, indicating productive reallocation.
Intangible Assets and Spanish Economic GrowthSPINTAN
This document analyzes the role of different types of capital accumulation, including tangible, intangible, ICT, and public capital, as sources of economic growth in the Spanish economy from 1995 to 2011. It uses an econometric production function approach with industry-level data to examine the direct effects of different capital types and potential complementarities, particularly between intangible and ICT capital. Preliminary results suggest intangible capital may help explain productivity differences across industries and that intangible assets could be complementary to ICT capital, though more analysis is needed.
ICT, R&D and Non-R&D intangible capital: complementary relations and industry...SPINTAN
This document discusses a study analyzing the relationship between intangible capital (ICT, R&D, and non-R&D), their complementarity, and productivity growth across European countries and industries from 1995-2010. The main findings are: 1) Faster growing economies invested more in intangible capital like ICT and non-R&D, while slower economies relied more on tangible capital; 2) ICT, R&D, and non-R&D intangibles contributed significantly to productivity in most countries, especially in manufacturing; and 3) Non-R&D intangibles showed a strong correlation with ICT, suggesting they are important complementary policy factors for productivity.
The SPINTAN project proposes to measure public sector intangibles in the EU and other countries. It aims to 1) clarify boundaries and measurement of public intangibles, 2) build a database on public intangibles for 22 EU and other nations, 3) analyze the impact of public intangibles on innovation, well-being and growth, 4) study spillover effects to the private sector, and 5) study the impact of austerity policies. The project involves multiple work packages to achieve these goals and will provide analysis to improve policymaking.
ICT and Intangible Capital: Complementary Relations and Industry Productivity...SPINTAN
This document summarizes a study that examines the relationship between information and communication technology (ICT), intangible capital, and productivity growth in European industries. The study finds that intangible investment, including non-R&D intangibles like organizational capital and training, has grown faster in services than manufacturing. It also finds that ICT intensity is higher in services while R&D intensity is higher in manufacturing. The study uses an econometric model to test for complementarities between ICT and different types of intangible capital. The results suggest ICT investment is more productive when combined with investment in intangible assets like organizational capital and training.
Sources of country-sector productivity growth: total factor productivity and ...SPINTAN
This document summarizes findings from a study analyzing sources of productivity growth across countries and industries from 1995-2013, accounting for tangible and intangible capital. Key findings include:
1) Intangible capital provided larger contributions to productivity growth than tangible capital in some countries like the UK and US.
2) Intangible investment proved more resilient than tangible investment during the financial crisis and recovered more quickly in most countries.
3) Capital reallocation terms suggest some countries saw capital flowing to industries with above-average growth after the crisis, indicating productive reallocation.
A Methodolgy for Disentangling Public Funded R&D (GBARD) by IndustriesSPINTAN
This document presents a methodology for estimating government budget allocations for research and development (GBARD) by industry and further disaggregating it into information and communication technology (ICT) and non-ICT GBARD within each industry. The methodology uses a correspondence between the Nomenclature for the Analysis and Comparison of Scientific Programmes and Budgets (NABS) classification and NACE industry classification, along with labor cost data, to distribute GBARD data from Eurostat across industries. The results provide estimates of GBARD and ICT GBARD for each Member State and the EU28 for 2004-2013 at a detailed industry level following revisions to the NACE classification.
This document discusses the informal economy, innovation, and intellectual property. It begins by reviewing definitions of the informal economy and presenting statistical data on its size and economic significance. Estimates suggest informal employment makes up over half of non-agricultural employment in most middle- and low-income countries.
The document then applies concepts of innovation to the informal economy context. It discusses a spectrum of appropriation mechanisms for innovations, ranging from formal intellectual property rights to informal mechanisms.
Finally, the document reviews existing policy approaches toward innovation in the formal economy. It establishes a framework to consider future policy scenarios for applying intellectual property concepts to innovation in the informal economy. The overall aim is to better understand innovation, appropriation, and
Private and Public Intangible Capital: Productivity Growth and New Policy Cha...SPINTAN
This document discusses expanding measures of intangible capital to fully account for public sector investments. It aims to:
1) Measure intangible capital in non-market sectors like education, health, public administration, and culture.
2) Analyze productivity for the total economy based on accounting for all intangible inputs.
3) Identify links between public and private intangible investments and their impacts on economic growth.
This document discusses issues related to measuring public capital from both statistical and methodological perspectives. Statistically, it is difficult to measure public capital due to differences in levels of government, distinguishing market vs. non-market industries, and defining public sector assets vs. functions. Methodologically, the main differences between public and private capital arise from the user cost expression used to value capital services. The document also examines measuring intangible public capital and notes that the SPINTAN FP7 project has funded research on these topics.
Policymakers face obstacles in predicting future development and responding adequately to economic and societal challenges. ICT observatories can help address this by providing a knowledge base integrating data, metadata, and domain-specific knowledge. Using business intelligence tools on open data and feedback from citizens, ICT observatories can generate policy intelligence to inform regional strategies and policies. The ONE project aims to improve regional ICT investment planning capacity and lay the foundations for a network of ICT observatories across Europe.
Modeling market and nonmarket Intangible investments in a macro-econometric f...SPINTAN
Modeling market and nonmarket Intangible investments in a macro-econometric framework. Sociedty for Economic Measurement Annual Conference. Thessaloniki July 2016
Announcement of interim report by the Information Economy Committee of the Industrial Structure Council
The Information Economy Committee of the Industrial Structure Council (chaired by Mr. Jun Murai, Professor, Fuculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University) compiled and released action plans on six priority areas and five cross-sectional policy challenges aiming at the creation of new industries linked to information technologies.
http://www.meti.go.jp/english/press/2011/0811_01.html
Government as a platform - A historical and architectural analysisFrancis D'Silva
We frame our study with two perspectives; a historical institutional perspective that traces the roots of Altinn back to the Middle Ages, and an architectural perspective that allows for a more detailed analysis of the consequences of digitalization and the role of platforms. We offer two insights from our study: we identify three evolutionary mechanisms of national registers, and we discuss a future scenario of government platforms as “digital commons”
This document provides an overview of the ICT industry in Catalonia, Spain. It discusses the definition of the global ICT industry and notes that Catalonia has over 15,000 ICT companies, 115,000 employees in the sector, and the industry generates €15.9 billion in annual turnover. The document also outlines opportunities for international market expansion for Catalan companies and technological/business opportunities in the Catalan ICT ecosystem.
The Sovereign Digital Platform - A Strategic Option for Societal DevelopmentFrancis D'Silva
Altinn is a digital platform in Norway that began in 2003 as a portal for mandatory business reporting. It has since expanded to support collaboration across government agencies and the private sector. Key events in Altinn's development include the addition of automated tax returns, open APIs, and programs to stimulate innovation. Altinn now handles millions of daily requests, supports collaboration across 40+ agencies, and is used by 70% of Norwegians. The experience of Altinn provides insights into creating a "Sovereign Digital Platform" that improves services, encourages participation, and stimulates innovation.
M. Grazzi, G. Domini, D. Moschella, T. Treibich, 30 Novembre - 1 Dicembre 2021 -
Webinar: I cambiamenti strutturali: imprese, digitalizzazione, produttività, cultura e turismo
Titolo: L'impatto dell'automazione su diseguaglianze salariali e di genere: una analisi a livello di impresa
The document reviews several standards for smart cities from organizations like ISO, ITU, and BSI. It summarizes 6 standards and specifications in detail, including the ISO 37120 standard for measuring city services and quality of life, ISO/DIS 37101 for planning and managing smart city initiatives, and technical reports from ITU on smart sustainable cities and key performance indicators. It also mentions other standards from BIS on smart city terminology, overview documents, and planning guidelines. The document concludes that while metrics are becoming standardized, a comprehensive map of all possible smart city interventions is still needed.
Scenarios - approaches for exploring urban futures Ian Miles
This document summarizes a presentation on developing scenarios for urban futures. It discusses different types of scenario analysis including departures, destinations, and success scenarios. Departures analyze the consequences of uncertain events, destinations examine how futures could be realized given drivers, and success scenarios envision a desirable future. Methods for developing scenarios like expert groups, surveys, and workshops are presented. The document concludes by summarizing a scenario planning workshop for Greater Manchester that identified drivers, current issues, visions of success, and potential actions across sectors like environment, economy and governance.
How Digital Transformations Impact Regional Ecosystem: The Case of SofiaBagryan Malamin
Dr. Vassil Kirov’ BEYOND4.0 presentation at the “Regional Development and the Factors of Success: Education, Economy and Social Policy in the Regions” conference organized by the ISSK-BAS and Konrad Adenauer Stiftung.
155-holguin Baseline for indicators for R&D and innovation in ICT a tool for ...innovationoecd
The document discusses the development of a baseline of indicators for research, development and innovation (R&D&I) in information and communication technologies (ICT) in Colombia. It aims to 1) monitor the dynamics and evolution of the ICT sector's scientific and technological capabilities, 2) facilitate the design and monitoring of public policies for the sector, and 3) provide updated statistical information. The baseline was constructed using a methodology that included identifying relevant indicators, prioritizing them, specifying the technical details, and measuring the indicators. It is organized across dimensions, categories, and 53 specific indicators. The baseline will help evaluate progress, inform policymaking, and increase competitiveness in the ICT sector.
2008 brokerage 08 game technology and experience [compatibility mode]imec.archive
The document provides an overview of game technology and experience research conducted by IBBT. It discusses several areas:
1) A survey of Belgian gamers that found gamers can be divided into four categories based on preferences.
2) Methods for measuring user experiences in games, including observations, surveys, and physiological measurements.
3) IBBT research projects on games for elderly (TranseCare) and usability of controls (Teleon).
4) Technological areas of focus including scalable 3D environments, interaction techniques, and rendering on mobile devices.
A Methodolgy for Disentangling Public Funded R&D (GBARD) by IndustriesSPINTAN
This document presents a methodology for estimating government budget allocations for research and development (GBARD) by industry and further disaggregating it into information and communication technology (ICT) and non-ICT GBARD within each industry. The methodology uses a correspondence between the Nomenclature for the Analysis and Comparison of Scientific Programmes and Budgets (NABS) classification and NACE industry classification, along with labor cost data, to distribute GBARD data from Eurostat across industries. The results provide estimates of GBARD and ICT GBARD for each Member State and the EU28 for 2004-2013 at a detailed industry level following revisions to the NACE classification.
This document discusses the informal economy, innovation, and intellectual property. It begins by reviewing definitions of the informal economy and presenting statistical data on its size and economic significance. Estimates suggest informal employment makes up over half of non-agricultural employment in most middle- and low-income countries.
The document then applies concepts of innovation to the informal economy context. It discusses a spectrum of appropriation mechanisms for innovations, ranging from formal intellectual property rights to informal mechanisms.
Finally, the document reviews existing policy approaches toward innovation in the formal economy. It establishes a framework to consider future policy scenarios for applying intellectual property concepts to innovation in the informal economy. The overall aim is to better understand innovation, appropriation, and
Private and Public Intangible Capital: Productivity Growth and New Policy Cha...SPINTAN
This document discusses expanding measures of intangible capital to fully account for public sector investments. It aims to:
1) Measure intangible capital in non-market sectors like education, health, public administration, and culture.
2) Analyze productivity for the total economy based on accounting for all intangible inputs.
3) Identify links between public and private intangible investments and their impacts on economic growth.
This document discusses issues related to measuring public capital from both statistical and methodological perspectives. Statistically, it is difficult to measure public capital due to differences in levels of government, distinguishing market vs. non-market industries, and defining public sector assets vs. functions. Methodologically, the main differences between public and private capital arise from the user cost expression used to value capital services. The document also examines measuring intangible public capital and notes that the SPINTAN FP7 project has funded research on these topics.
Policymakers face obstacles in predicting future development and responding adequately to economic and societal challenges. ICT observatories can help address this by providing a knowledge base integrating data, metadata, and domain-specific knowledge. Using business intelligence tools on open data and feedback from citizens, ICT observatories can generate policy intelligence to inform regional strategies and policies. The ONE project aims to improve regional ICT investment planning capacity and lay the foundations for a network of ICT observatories across Europe.
Modeling market and nonmarket Intangible investments in a macro-econometric f...SPINTAN
Modeling market and nonmarket Intangible investments in a macro-econometric framework. Sociedty for Economic Measurement Annual Conference. Thessaloniki July 2016
Announcement of interim report by the Information Economy Committee of the Industrial Structure Council
The Information Economy Committee of the Industrial Structure Council (chaired by Mr. Jun Murai, Professor, Fuculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University) compiled and released action plans on six priority areas and five cross-sectional policy challenges aiming at the creation of new industries linked to information technologies.
http://www.meti.go.jp/english/press/2011/0811_01.html
Government as a platform - A historical and architectural analysisFrancis D'Silva
We frame our study with two perspectives; a historical institutional perspective that traces the roots of Altinn back to the Middle Ages, and an architectural perspective that allows for a more detailed analysis of the consequences of digitalization and the role of platforms. We offer two insights from our study: we identify three evolutionary mechanisms of national registers, and we discuss a future scenario of government platforms as “digital commons”
This document provides an overview of the ICT industry in Catalonia, Spain. It discusses the definition of the global ICT industry and notes that Catalonia has over 15,000 ICT companies, 115,000 employees in the sector, and the industry generates €15.9 billion in annual turnover. The document also outlines opportunities for international market expansion for Catalan companies and technological/business opportunities in the Catalan ICT ecosystem.
The Sovereign Digital Platform - A Strategic Option for Societal DevelopmentFrancis D'Silva
Altinn is a digital platform in Norway that began in 2003 as a portal for mandatory business reporting. It has since expanded to support collaboration across government agencies and the private sector. Key events in Altinn's development include the addition of automated tax returns, open APIs, and programs to stimulate innovation. Altinn now handles millions of daily requests, supports collaboration across 40+ agencies, and is used by 70% of Norwegians. The experience of Altinn provides insights into creating a "Sovereign Digital Platform" that improves services, encourages participation, and stimulates innovation.
M. Grazzi, G. Domini, D. Moschella, T. Treibich, 30 Novembre - 1 Dicembre 2021 -
Webinar: I cambiamenti strutturali: imprese, digitalizzazione, produttività, cultura e turismo
Titolo: L'impatto dell'automazione su diseguaglianze salariali e di genere: una analisi a livello di impresa
The document reviews several standards for smart cities from organizations like ISO, ITU, and BSI. It summarizes 6 standards and specifications in detail, including the ISO 37120 standard for measuring city services and quality of life, ISO/DIS 37101 for planning and managing smart city initiatives, and technical reports from ITU on smart sustainable cities and key performance indicators. It also mentions other standards from BIS on smart city terminology, overview documents, and planning guidelines. The document concludes that while metrics are becoming standardized, a comprehensive map of all possible smart city interventions is still needed.
Scenarios - approaches for exploring urban futures Ian Miles
This document summarizes a presentation on developing scenarios for urban futures. It discusses different types of scenario analysis including departures, destinations, and success scenarios. Departures analyze the consequences of uncertain events, destinations examine how futures could be realized given drivers, and success scenarios envision a desirable future. Methods for developing scenarios like expert groups, surveys, and workshops are presented. The document concludes by summarizing a scenario planning workshop for Greater Manchester that identified drivers, current issues, visions of success, and potential actions across sectors like environment, economy and governance.
How Digital Transformations Impact Regional Ecosystem: The Case of SofiaBagryan Malamin
Dr. Vassil Kirov’ BEYOND4.0 presentation at the “Regional Development and the Factors of Success: Education, Economy and Social Policy in the Regions” conference organized by the ISSK-BAS and Konrad Adenauer Stiftung.
155-holguin Baseline for indicators for R&D and innovation in ICT a tool for ...innovationoecd
The document discusses the development of a baseline of indicators for research, development and innovation (R&D&I) in information and communication technologies (ICT) in Colombia. It aims to 1) monitor the dynamics and evolution of the ICT sector's scientific and technological capabilities, 2) facilitate the design and monitoring of public policies for the sector, and 3) provide updated statistical information. The baseline was constructed using a methodology that included identifying relevant indicators, prioritizing them, specifying the technical details, and measuring the indicators. It is organized across dimensions, categories, and 53 specific indicators. The baseline will help evaluate progress, inform policymaking, and increase competitiveness in the ICT sector.
2008 brokerage 08 game technology and experience [compatibility mode]imec.archive
The document provides an overview of game technology and experience research conducted by IBBT. It discusses several areas:
1) A survey of Belgian gamers that found gamers can be divided into four categories based on preferences.
2) Methods for measuring user experiences in games, including observations, surveys, and physiological measurements.
3) IBBT research projects on games for elderly (TranseCare) and usability of controls (Teleon).
4) Technological areas of focus including scalable 3D environments, interaction techniques, and rendering on mobile devices.
Beijing MoST standards + IPR conference Clark-OASIS-2011Jamie Clark
(1) OASIS is the largest standards organization for electronic commerce, with over 5,000 participants from 600 organizations developing global standards through 70 technical committees.
(2) The document discusses problems with patents, including vague claims, competing policy goals, and uncertainty around validity. It notes standards aim to have fair, open processes to be safe from regulation.
(3) Standards organizations have rules for patents disclosed in standards, including preferring broad licenses, committing to license terms, sharing licenses, and resolving conflicts. However, the rules and their clarity vary between organizations.
Dokumen tersebut membandingkan penggunaan buku pelajaran konvensional dan modul dalam mencapai tujuan pembelajaran secara efektif dan efisien. Ringkasannya adalah bahwa modul lebih efektif karena dirancang untuk pembelajaran mandiri dengan aktivitas belajar dan penyajian materi yang lebih fokus, sedangkan buku pelajaran cenderung lebih informatif dengan cakupan materi yang lebih luas.
Tr@Ins1 Introduction To The Tr@Ins Project Ingrid Moermanimec.archive
The document summarizes a workshop on the IBBT GBO TR@INS project, which aims to develop an integrated broadband wireless access solution for train commuters using heterogeneous wireless access technologies. The workshop included presentations on user studies to determine connectivity needs, a techno-economic study, the system architecture design involving indoor, satellite, trackside and heterogeneous networks, and demonstrations of the solutions. The project involves research and industrial partners working together to provide improved broadband internet access on trains.
The document provides an overview of J&J's grid computing project including:
1) The goals of the project were to enable new ways of doing science by providing adequate computing capacity at reasonable cost, speed up the scientific process, and lower costs.
2) Applications included molecular docking, pharmacokinetic modeling, pharmacophore searching, and molecular force field calculations.
3) The grid evolved from 2004 pilots to a production environment in 2006 supporting over 1,200 CPUs and 15 production applications.
Ddo8 Peter Anker Digital Dividend In Nlimec.archive
This document discusses competition in broadcasting services and the potential use of the digital dividend in the Netherlands. It finds that a large part of the digital dividend is already used for digital terrestrial television, which competes with cable broadband. The remaining digital dividend could be used to either strengthen digital terrestrial television or to enhance mobile coverage in rural areas. It considers these two scenarios and concludes that a flexible auction process that allows either outcome could maximize the benefits to consumers.
Ritz Carlton spends over $1 million to stay aware of changing needs among luxury customers. They actively contact past luxury customers and listen to employees, customers, and other associates to understand needs and find solutions. The hotel also integrates local community members and has employees participate in annual self-assessments to refine business strategies with customer and associate input. The key to success is focusing on customers and employees above all else.
¿Cómo gestionar los Riesgos de la Innovación? Foro Cañada Blanch 2016Ivie
1) El documento analiza los riesgos de la innovación y cómo gestionarlos. 2) Identifica riesgos tecnológicos, de mercado, organizativos y financieros de la innovación. 3) Argumenta que el mayor riesgo es no innovar y que gestionando bien el sistema de innovación se pueden reducir los riesgos.
The document describes a performance evaluation cycle for evaluating systems. It includes the following key steps:
1. The system under evaluation and the performance measures to be assessed are defined.
2. A system model is created to model the environment and operation of the system.
3. An evaluation model is developed including the evaluation method, inputs, and system model. Performance measures are then derived.
4. The performance evaluation is conducted using analytical, simulation, or experimental methods. Results are analyzed and related back to the system model.
Electronic meal vouchers for NFC phones . An overview of the IBBT/NFC-Voucher...imec.archive
This document discusses using near field communication (NFC) technology for electronic meal vouchers on phones. It provides an overview of NFC, describing it as short-range contactless communication that works similarly to existing contactless cards. The document then summarizes the current paper voucher system in Belgium and its disadvantages related to logistics, processing, and lost vouchers. It proposes a multi-disciplinary approach to developing one of the first NFC voucher applications in Belgium to address these issues and explore new opportunities through mobile vouchering.
I Minds2009 Future Networks Prof Piet Demeester (Ibbt Ibcn U Gent)imec.archive
1) Future networks will see a massive increase in traffic driven primarily by video streaming and sharing.
2) This traffic will require new network architectures and technologies to efficiently store, distribute, and deliver large amounts of video and multimedia content to users.
3) The number of connected devices and users worldwide will also continue to grow rapidly, creating new challenges around access technologies, energy efficiency, and managing vast
Intellectual property rights and entrepreneurship - UK Intellectual Property ...imec.archive
The document discusses intellectual property rights and entrepreneurship. It provides an example of Matt Stevenson, who invented a new type of fish tank called biOrb. He registered his invention, obtained a patent, and grew his business from £100,000 to £4 million in turnover over five years. The document also outlines the steps an entrepreneur must take to start a business, including developing new products/services, checking for existing intellectual property, investigating legal requirements, and raising finance through personal funds, investors in exchange for shares, or loans that require repayment.
Innovation week, Research and innovation priorities of MPC-MED horizonMaghrenov
The document summarizes the results of a consultation process to identify strategic ICT research priorities in Mediterranean Partner Countries (MPCs) in relation to Horizon 2020. 235 questionnaires were collected from stakeholders in MPCs. The responses identified key ICT topics and societal challenges, with priorities including advanced computing, the future internet, and health. However, the consultation also found that MPCs generally lack an innovation ecosystem and have low levels of research commercialization. Barriers include a lack of governance, funding, and linkages between universities, industry and government.
The document summarizes key findings from the OECD's Innovation Strategy report. It finds that innovation involves interactions across an entire system beyond just R&D. Countries need strategies that link different elements like education, infrastructure, markets, and collaboration. New players like emerging economies and young firms are contributing more to innovation. Innovation is already a major economic driver and investment, responsible for much of productivity growth. Countries are encouraged to continue supporting innovation to address challenges and fuel long-term growth.
Public Sector Intangibles: The SPINTAN ProjectSPINTAN
Paper by Matilde Mas on the SPINTAN Project presented in the 10th World Conference on Intellectual Capital for Communities, University Paris-Sud, June 5th and 6th 2014
What are the user interests behind requests for data and indicators on PPI? C...STIEAS
Expert Workshop on the Measurement of Public Procurement of Innovation. “What are the user interests behind requests for data and indicators on PPI? Can these requirements be clearly identified and delivered? ”, presentation from Ms. Hernández-Garvayo
How evidence based decision making can help deliver infrastructure in the pub...OECD Governance
This presentation was made by Raffaele DELLA CROCHE, OECD Secretariat, at the 3rd OECD Forum on Governance of Infrastructure held in Paris on 26 March 2018
EU Digital Innovation Programs- Fostering Ecosystems and Empowering Startups Soren Gigler
This presentation provides an overview of the Digital Innovation Programs of the European Commission focused on blockchain, Artificial Intelligence, deep technology, startups. It also highlights several finance programs to support innovative, digital startups and SMEs.
The document summarizes a presentation on measuring the digital economy using evidence from BRICS countries. It finds that increased investment in digital technologies is positively associated with labor productivity, though the impact may be delayed due to measurement challenges and a gestation period. While digitalization has expanded rapidly, productivity gains are not always immediately visible in economic statistics, consistent with the "productivity paradox". The study aims to help inform economic policymaking, business decisions, and investment within and between BRICS nations.
The document discusses the challenges and opportunities presented by digital transformation. It outlines the OECD's Going Digital project, which aims to 1) improve understanding of digital transformation's impacts, 2) provide policy tools to help economies prosper digitally, and 3) address the gap between technology and policy development. Key points include the need for comprehensive and proactive policy response to harness new opportunities while managing disruption, and ensuring no one is left behind as new skills are required.
Business intelligence on the US greentech marketEC2i
EC2i objective is to support the internationalisation of European Cleantech SMEs in China and the United States by conducting cluster missions and facilitating cross-cluster partnerships. In this sense, attention is paid to developing tools to guide SMEs through the process of forming consortia and developing projects with clients.
Business intelligence for relevant US and Chinese markets have been collected in reports and are here disseminated to SMEs.
The tools presented here address general barrieres to internationalisation as well as more specific problems SMEs face when integrating themselves into complex, international value chains.
A guide to ICT-related activities in WP2016-17Open Concept
Przewodnik Komisji Europejskiej, „A guide to ICT-related activities in WP2016-17” - czyli jak aplikować o środki w dziedzinie ICT w Programie Horyzont 2020.
The document analyzes funding and M&A trends in the European and Israeli Internet of Things (IoT) industry in 2015 and early 2016. Some key findings include:
- IoT funding has accelerated significantly, with €242 million invested in the first four months of 2016 compared to €411 million for all of 2015.
- Later stage deals are becoming more common as the sector matures. However, most deals are still early stage investments under €5 million.
- Germany, Israel, and France have seen the most IoT funding activity. Automotive, smart home, and health sectors attracted the most investment.
- Network solutions were the top funded vertical in 2015 due to large rounds like SIGFOX's
1) Dr. Maurizio Pilu discusses his experience managing a £9m innovation program on the Internet of Things (IoT) at the UK's Technology Strategy Board (TSB).
2) He then explains his new role leading partnerships at the Connected Digital Economy Catapult, a £10m per year applied research center established by the TSB to help UK innovators in the digital economy.
3) The Catapult focuses on making specific capabilities and platforms openly available to benefit UK innovators working in areas like cities and communities, data, and next generation infrastructure relevant to IoT like machine-to-machine communication and whitespace networks.
This document provides an overview of the OECD project on Innovation for Inclusive Growth and its 2015 report. The project aims to examine how innovation can promote inclusive development. It involved experts from various countries and organizations. The 2015 report focuses on inclusive innovations that improve welfare for disadvantaged groups. It discusses policy approaches to support such innovations and ensure they reach scale. The document outlines challenges like informality, access to expertise and finance, and regulatory issues. It proposes policy responses like cross-government coordination, public-private partnerships, and financial support to foster cooperation across actors and address challenges.
Evidence based policymaking for public procurement of innovation helsinkiLaura Hernandez Garvayo
The document proposes a methodology and scoreboard for measuring innovative public procurement in Spain based on previous experiences. It discusses two prior efforts - the 2010 e2i Action Plan and the EPSIS. For the scoreboard, it suggests input, output, and efficiency indicators measuring budgets, programs, personnel, resulting products/services, patents, publications, and e-government usage. The scoreboard would assess innovation impacts through public administration expenditure and procurement. It seeks to establish standardized measurement across regions and departments.
Atkearney soe digital transformation report presentarimayawulantara
This document discusses Indonesia's digital transformation opportunities and challenges. It recommends that Indonesia establish a national digital vision supported by focus on digital infrastructure, consumer demand stimulation, developing a future-ready workforce, and growing an innovation ecosystem. State-owned enterprises (SOEs) are seen as important to driving Indonesia's digital agenda given their significant size and role in the economy. The document analyzes Indonesia's current digital maturity compared to other ASEAN countries and identifies investment and policy priorities needed to close gaps in achieving its digital potential.
Keynote Markku Markkula - From Smart Cities to Pioneering Regional Innovation...Mindtrek
Keynote at Mindtrek 2016
Markku Markkula
President of the European Committee of the Regions CoR
From Smart Cities to Pioneering Regional Innovation Ecosystems
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1. [ 1 ]
Intangibles and Cultural and Creative Industries
Matilde Mas & Javier Quesada
Universidad de Valencia & Ivie
Seminario Internacional
Economía Regional de las Actividades Creativas y los
Servicios Innovadores
Universidad de Alcalá, 25 y 26 de junio, 2015
2. [ 2 ]
INDEX
1. Intangible Assets. An Overview
2. Two projects related to intangibles:
• SPINTAN
• Telefonica Foundation
3. Intangibles and Cultural and Creative Industries.
A tentative approach.
4. Final Remarks
3. [ 3 ]
INDEX
1. Intangible Assets. An Overview
2. Two projects related to intangibles:
• SPINTAN
• Telefónica Foundation
3. Intangibles and Cultural and Creative Industries.
A tentative approach.
4. Final Remarks
4. [ 4 ]
Motivation
Robert Solow (1987) statement about computers could be rephrased as: “While
knowledge economy is all around us, it is still hard to see it in the official statistics”.
Since Solow’s remark, important efforts have been made to capture the knowledge
economy in the (official) statistics.
Milestones:
The new way of Measuring Capital, and thus Productivity, taking into account
the distinction among types of assets (OECD Manuals 2001a, 2001b, 2009)
Relevant projects: EU/LA/WORLD KLEMS; Productivity Database (OECD)
The recognition by SNA of Software, Databases and a few more intangibles
assets, and more recently R&D, in National Accounts.
The distinction between ICT and non-ICT assets and of ICT producing sectors
Corrado, Hulten & Sichel’s (2005, 2009) proposal to expand NA boundaries to
include a selected group of intangible assets
Relevant projects: COINVEST, INNODRIVE, INTAN-Invest, KBC (OECD),
SPINTAN
5. [ 5 ]
Corrado, Hulten & Sichel’s proposal
They cut through the conceptual problem of defining intangible assets
by referring to a standard inter-temporal framework that leads to the
conclusion that “any use of resources that reduces current
consumption in order to increase it in the future […] qualifies as
investment”.
Then, all types of capital should be treated symmetrically, for
example, “investment in knowledge capital should be placed on the
same footing as that of investment in plants and equipment”.
A convenient consequence of the CHS approach and their emphasis
on the symmetric treatment of all assets is that one does not have to
worry too much about defining “intangibles” by way of specific
characteristics. It is more important to reason in terms of capital goods
and to check whether spending activity meets the test of being an
outlay now to enhance future consumption.
6. [ 6 ]
Classification of Intangible assets
Intangible capital asset types
Computerized information
1. Software
2. Databases
Innovative property
3. Mineral exploration
4. R&D (scientific)
5. Entertainment and artistic originals
6. New products/systems in financial services
7. Design and other new products/systems
Economic competencies
8. Brand equity
a. Advertising
b. Market research
9. Firm-specific resources
a. Employer-provided training
b. Organizational structure
7. [ 7 ]
The major challenges in capitalizing intangibles
Intangibles are largely invisible and hard to count:
• Companies often do not have exact metrics to separate
expenditure on intangibles assets from other expenses.
Intangible investments are often produced within the company and
therefore do not represent a market transaction:
• However, an increasingly large share of intangibles are traded
through markets which allow to impute prices for within-company
production and transactions.
Intangibles are often not a direct or continuous input to current
production:
• Greater emphasis on product innovations represents a shift
away from Solow’s to Schumpeterian approach to growth.
Intangibles are largely non-rival and their benefits often not
appropriable:
• While violating marginalist principles at micro-level, the
principles are close enough to the reality of market economy.
8. [ 8 ]
Consequences
The main consequences of including (some) intangibles as
investment, instead of following the NA practice of treating
them as intermediate consumption goods, are:
1. Gross Value Added (GVA) will increase by the same
amount that the (new) intangible investment.
2. Thus, the level of labour productivity will also increase.
3. The real rate of growth of GVA when intangibles are
included can either increase, decrease, or stay (more or
less) constant with respect to the GVA as conventionally
measured.
4. Growth accounting results are modified. The inclusion of
intangibles assets in investment reduces the contribution of
TFP growth.
9. [ 9 ]
INDEX
1. Intangible Assets. An Overview
2. Two projects related to intangibles:
• SPINTAN
• Telefonica Foundation
3. Intangibles and Cultural and Creative Industries.
A tentative approach.
4. Final Remarks
10. [ 10 ]
SPINTAN project (www.spintan.net)
The SPINTAN project is a competitive project funded by the 7th Framework
Programme of the EC.
It will run from December 1st 2013 to December 1st 2016
It aims at extending both the theoretical and the empirical approach -as
carried out by CHS (2005, 2009)- in order to include Public Sector
intangibles.
Four objectives:
1. Building up a Public Sector Intangibles Database for a wide set of EU
countries, supplemented with some big non-EU countries.
2. Analyze the impact of Public Sector intangibles on innovation, well-
being and smart growth (including education, research and innovation
and the creation of a digital society).
3. Analyze the spillover effects of intangibles and their interactions with
other forms of capital (specially ICT).
4. Pay special attention to the consequences of austerity policies in view
of the expected recovery.
11. [ 11 ]
SPINTAN project
Smart Public Intangibles: SPINTAN
Participant organisation name Country
Ivie Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas Spain
NIESR National Institute of Economic and Social Research UK
LUISS Lab of European Economics Italy
Istat Istituto Nazionale di Statistica Italy
IC Imperial College Business School UK
TCBE The Conference Board Europe Belgium
OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development France
ZEW Centre for European Economic Research Germany
DIW Deutsches Institut für Wirschaftsforschung Germany
wiiw Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies Austria
FORES Forum for Reforms, Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Sweden
KOPINT Kopint-Tárki Konjunktúrakutató Intézet Zrt. Hungary
12. [ 12 ]
SPINTAN project
Two Main References:
1. Methodological:
• Carol Corrado, Jonathan Haskel, and Cecilia Jona-Lasinio
(2015): Smart Public Intangibles: SPINTAN Framework and
Measurement Guidelines. Mimeo.
2. On Measurement Issues:
• Fabio Bacchini, Roberto Iannaccone, Massimiliano Iommi and
Cecilia Jona Lasinio (2015): Estimates of Intangible Capital in
the Public Sector: Data Sources and Database Structure.
Mimeo.
13. [ 13 ]
INDEX
1. Intangible Assets. An Overview
2. Two projects related to intangibles:
• SPINTAN
• Telefonica Foundation
3. Intangibles and Cultural and Creative Industries.
A tentative approach.
4. Final Remarks
14. [ 14 ]
Telefónica Foundation project
Matilde Mas, Javier Quesada (Dirs.) (2014): Intangibles en la
Nueva Economía (Ariel & Fundación Telefonica)
Country: Spain
Period: 1995-2011
Private sector of the economy
Sectoral dissagregation: 24 sectors
• Agriculture
• Mining
• Manufacturing (12 sectors)
• Construction
• Private services (9 sectors)
15. [ 15 ]
Telefónica Foundation. Sectoral dissagregation
Industrial classification and correspondence with CNAE 2009/NACE Rev. 2. Ivie’s
estimation
Industries CNAE 2009 / NACE Rev. 2
1 Agriculture, forestry and fishing 01-03
2 Mining and quarrying 5-9
3 Food products, beverages and tobacco 10-12
4 Textiles, wearing apparel, leather and related products 13-15
5 Wood and paper products; printing and reproduction of recorded media 16-18
6 Coke and refined petroleum products 19
7 Chemicals and chemical products 20-21
8 Rubber and plastics products, and other non-metallic mineral products 22-23
9 Basic metals and fabricated metal products 24-25
10 Computer, electrical and optical equipment 26-27
11 Machinery and equipment n.e.c. 28
12 Transport equipment 29-30
13 Other manufacturing 31-33
14 Electricity, gas and water supply 35-39
15 Construction 41-43
16 Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 45-47
17 Transportation 49-53
18 Accommodation and food service activities 55-56
19 Publishing, audiovisual and broadcasting activities 58-60
20 Telecommunications 61
21 IT and other information services 62-63
22 Financial and insurance activities 64-66
23 Professional, scientific, technical, administrative and support service activities 69-82
24 Other service activities 90-96
16. [ 16 ]
Sources
Intangible capital asset types Sources
Computerized information
1. Software
National Accounts (INE), EU KLEMS and BBVA Foundation-Ivie
2. Databases
Innovative property
3. Mineral exploration National Accounts (INE) and BBVA Foundation-Ivie
4. R&D (scientific)
Statistics about R&D activities (INE) and Technological Innovation Panel
(PITEC) (FECYT)
5. Entertainment and artistic originals National Accounts (INE) and BBVA Foundation-Ivie
6. New products/systems in financial services
Statistics about R&D activities (INE), EU KLEMS, Labour Force Survey
(INE) and Structure of Earnings Survey (INE)
7. Design and other new products/systems
SBS-Services (INE), National Accounts (INE), EU KLEMS, IO and SUT
(NA, INE)
Economic competencies
8. Brand equity
a. Advertising
National Accounts (INE), EU KLEMS, SBS-Services (INE), Infoadex,
Nieto-Tamargo (1990), Pérez Ruiz (1995), WIOD and IO and SUT (NA,
INE)
b. Market research
National Accounts (INE), EU KLEMS, SBS-Services (INE), AEDEMO,
WIOD and IO and SUT (NA, INE)
9. Firm-specific resources
a. Employer-provided training
Continuing Vocational Training Survey (CVTS) (Eurostat), National
Accounts (INE), Labour Costs Survey (INE), Annual Labour Costs
Survey (INE), Adult Education Survey (INE)
b. Organizational structure
National Accounts (INE), EU KLEMS, SBS-Services (INE), FEACO
Survey, WIOD, IO and SUT (NA, INE), Labour Force Survey (INE) and
Structure of Earnings Survey (INE), European Union Household Panel
(EUHP) (INE)
17. [ 17 ]
España: evolución de la inversión en intangibles
El ritmo de la inversión en intangibles ha sido superior respecto a la
inversión en activos tangibles no residenciales.
La inversión en intangibles tiene una mayor capacidad de resistencia a los
períodos de crisis. La inversión en intangibles y la hipótesis del
estancamiento secular.
Su incorporación a la contabilidad nacional supone un incremento del 5-
6% del VAB convencional.
Inversión intangible y tangible no residencial.
Sector privado. España. 1995-2011
(1995=100)
Fuente: Fundación Telefónica, Fundación BBVA-Ivie y elaboración propia.
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Inversión intangible
Inversión tangible (no residencial)
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
VAB ampliado VAB convencional
VAB convencional y ampliado.
Sector privado. España. 1995-2011
(Miles de millones de euros constantes de 2005)
Fuente: INE, EU KLEMS, Fundación Telefónica y elaboración propia.
18. [ 18 ]
España: inversión en intangibles vs. tangibles
El peso de la inversión en intangibles se ha incrementado en los
últimos 16 años, y supone ya el 35% de la inversión total:
1995: inversión intangible (27%) vs. tangible (73%)
2011: inversión intangible (35%) vs. tangible (65%)
Pese a ello, la inversión tangible casi duplica a la intangible:
Inversión tangible/VAB ampliado: 13,4%
Inversión intangible/VAB ampliado: 7,1%
Peso sobre la inversión total no residencial.
Sector privado. España. 1995-2011
(Porcentajes)
Fuente: Fundación Telefónica, Fundación BBVA-Ivie y elaboración propia.
Peso sobre el VAB ampliado.
Sector privado. España. 1995-2011
(Porcentajes)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Inversión intangible
Inversión tangible (no residencial)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Inversión intangible
Inversión tangible (no residencial)
Fuente: INE, EU KLEMS, Fundación Telefónica, Fundación BBVA-Ivie y elaboración
propia.
19. [ 19 ]
España: comparación internacional
La importancia de los intangibles en la inversión en España (29%) es
inferior a la media de la UE-15 (42%) y muy lejana a la de EE.UU. (67%).
El esfuerzo inversor de España en activos tangibles no residenciales
(16% del VAB) más que duplica al de EE.UU. (7%).
Por el contrario, el esfuerzo es muy inferior en intangible: 6,5% en España
vs. 14,2% en EE.UU.
Peso de la inversión intangible en la inversión total no
residencial. Sector privado. España. Promedio 1995-2010
(Porcentajes)
¹ Países nórdicos: Suecia, Finlandia y Dinamarca.
Fuente: INTAN-Invest, Fundación Telefónica, Fundación BBVA-Ivie
y elaboración propia.
Participación de la inversión tangible e intangible en
el VAB ampliado. Sector privado. Promedio 1995-2010
(Porcentajes)
29,1
41,9
45,8
67,0
48,7
42,4
27,9
55,6
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
España UE-15 Países
nórdicos¹
EE. UU. Francia Alemania Italia Reino
Unido
¹ Países nórdicos: Suecia, Finlandia y Dinamarca.
Fuente: INTAN-Invest, Fundación BBVA-Ivie, Fundación Telefónica, INE y
elaboración propia.
15,9
13,6
14,4
7,1
12,2
12,9
17,2
10,3
6,5
9,8
12,1
14,2
11,6
9,5
6,7
12,6
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
España UE-15 Países
nórdicos¹
EE. UU. Francia Alemania Italia Reino
Unido
Inversión tangible Inversión intangible
20. [ 20 ]
Componentes de la inversión en intangibles
Las competencias económicas son el componente más importante de la
inversión intangible en España (47%), seguido de la propiedad
innovadora (31%) y la información digitalizada (22%).
Las diferencias con la media de la UE-15 se deben a un menor esfuerzo
inversor en propiedad de la innovación y en competencias económicas.
Composición de la inversión intangible. Sector privado.
España. 1995-2011
(Porcentajes)
Fuente: Fundación Telefónica y elaboración propia.
Composición de la inversión en activos intangibles. 2011¹
(Porcentajes del VAB privado ampliado)
¹ Los datos internacionales se refieren a 2010.
² Países nórdicos: Suecia, Finlandia y Dinamarca.
Fuente: INTAN-Invest, Fundación Telefónica y elaboración propia
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Información digitalizada
Propiedad innovadora
Competencias económicas
1,5 1,8
3,1 2,3 2,6
1,1 1,0
2,6
2,2
3,6
5,2
5,7 4,6
4,3
2,4
3,4
3,3
5,1
4,9
7,3
6,3
4,5
3,5
6,9
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
España UE-15 Países
nórdicos²
EE. UU. Francia Alemania Italia Reino
Unido
Información digitalizada
Propiedad de la innovación
Competencias económicas
21. [ 21 ]
Inversión en propiedad innovadora
La actividad diseñadora (50%), junto a la I+D (35,6%), son los
componentes más relevantes de la inversión en propiedad innovadora.
En comparación con otras regiones, el peso de la I+D en la propiedad
innovadora es inferior: Alemania (63%), EE.UU. (52%) y UE-15 (50%).
Composición de la inversión en Propiedad innovadora.
Sector privado. España. 1995-2011
(Porcentajes sobre la inversión intangible total)
Fuente: Fundación Telefónica y elaboración propia.
Composición de la inversión en propiedad innovadora. 2011¹
(Porcentajes)
¹ Los datos internacionales se refieren a 2010.
² Países nórdicos: Suecia, Finlandia y Dinamarca.
Fuente: INTAN-Invest, Fundación Telefónica y elaboración propia.
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
I+D
Prospec. minera y originales de obras recreat., lit. o artísticas
Nuevos productos/sistemas en los servicios financieros
Diseño y otros nuevos productos
35,6
50,4
62,8
52,4
45,9
62,7
40,2 39,1
11,2
7,9
3,8 24,6
7,4
7,0
6,8 12,6
2,7
4,5
2,4
5,3
4,7
2,8
5,0
6,8
50,5
37,1
31,1
17,6
42,0
27,5
48,0
41,5
0
20
40
60
80
100
España UE-15 Países
nórdicos²
EE. UU. Francia Alemania Italia Reino
Unido
Diseño y otros nuevos productos
Nuevos productos/sistemas en los servicios financieros
Prospecc. minera y originales de obras recreativas, literarias o artísticas
I+D
22. [ 22 ]
Inversión en competencias económicas
La inversión en estructura organizativa (consultoría y gestión de la
organización) y en publicidad son los componentes más relevantes de las
competencias económicas (70% entre ambos).
Respecto a otros países el peso de la inversión en publicidad en España
es relativamente superior, mientras que la inversión en estructura
organizativa es inferior.
Composición de la inversión en Competencias económicas.
Sector privado. España. 1995-2011
(Porcentaje sobre la inversión intangible total)
Composición de la inversión en Competencias
económicas. 2011¹
(Porcentajes)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Publicidad Estudios de mercado
Capital humano de empresa Estructura organizativa
Fuente: Fundación Telefónica y elaboración propia.
¹ Los datos internacionales se refieren a 2010.
² Países nórdicos: Suecia, Finlandia y Dinamarca.
Fuente: INTAN-Invest, Fundación Telefónica y elaboración propia.
32,8
15,3 16,9
22,9
11,5
16,6 15,2
10,6
7,6
8,5 5,1
4,4
7,4
5,4
16,1
5,7
22,8
25,2 28,6
24,5
26,3
32,5
25,1
22,8
36,8
51,0 49,4 48,1
54,8
45,5 43,6
60,9
0
20
40
60
80
100
España UE-15 Países
nórdicos²
EE. UU. Francia Alemania Italia Reino
Unido
Publicidad Estudios de mercado
Capital humano de empresa Estructura organizativa
23. [ 23 ]
Inversión en intangibles por grandes sectores
La inversión en intangibles cada vez tiene una mayor peso en los servicios de
mercado (comercio, ingenierías, financiero, investigación, consultorías…) en
detrimento de la industria:
1995: Servicios (60%) vs. Industria (34%)
2011: Servicios (67%) vs. Industria (28%)
Esta fuerte concentración en los servicios se asemeja a la estructura en
Francia y Reino Unido, pero no a Alemania (sesgo industrial) y a los Países
nórdicos (modelo mixto).
Distribución de la inversión en intangibles por grandes
sectores de actividad. Sector privado. España. 1995-2011
(Porcentajes)
Distribución de la inversión en activos intangibles. 2011¹
(Porcentajes)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Industria Construcción
Comercio Otros servicios
Fuente: Fundación Telefónica y elaboración propia.
27,7
39,2
27,4
54,4
39,1
15,5
4,9
4,7
4,5
1,4
3,3
3,3
14,6
10,6
10,6
6,9
14,3
13,5
52,3
45,2
57,0
37,1
43,1
67,5
0
20
40
60
80
100
España Países
nórdicos²
Francia Alemania Italia Reino Unido
Agricultura Industria Construcción Comercio Otros servicios
¹ Los datos internacionales se refieren a 2010.
² Países nórdicos: Suecia, Finlandia y Dinamarca.
Fuente: INTAN-Invest, Fundación Telefónica y elaboración propia.
24. [ 24 ]
España: esfuerzo inversor en intangibles por sectores
Sectores con un esfuerzo inversor superior a la media:
INDUSTRIAS: coquerías, química, material de transporte…
SERVICIOS: actividades creativas (audiovisual, edición, diseño…), profesionales y financieras…
TIC y telecomunicaciones
Sectores con un esfuerzo inversor inferior a la media:
AGRICULTURA, HOSTELERÍA Y CONSTRUCCIÓN
Esfuerzo inversor en activos intangibles por sectores de actividad.
Sector privado. España. 2011.
(Porcentajes: Inversión intangible/VAB ampliado de cada sector)
Fuente: Fundación Telefónica, Fundación BBVA-Ivie y elaboración propia.
0
5
10
15
20
Coquerías
Edición,audiovisualesyradio
Fab.Materialdetransporte
Telecomunicaciones
Industriaquímica
Actividadesprofesionales
Activ.financierasyseguros
Otrosservicios
Equipoeléctrico,electrónicoy
óptico
Tecnologíasdelainformación
Energíaeléctrica,gasyagua
Alimentación,bebidasytabaco
Fabricacióndemaquinariay
equipo
Mediadelsectorprivado
Comercioyreparación
Textil,confección,cueroycalzado
Industriasextractivas
Cauchoyplásticos
Transporteyalmacenamiento
Madera,corcho,papelyartesgráf.
Industriasmanufacturerasdiversas
Metalurgiayproductosmetálicos
Construcción
Hostelería
Agricultura,ganaderíaypesca
25. [ 25 ]
INDEX
1. Intangible Assets. An Overview
2. Two projects related to intangibles:
• SPINTAN
• Telefonica Foundation
3. Intangibles and Cultural and Creative Industries.
A tentative approach.
4. Final Remarks
26. [ 26 ]
Intangibles and Cultural and Creative (CC) Industries
Lets run a parallel analysis between:
• CC Intangible Capital and CC Industries, and
• ICT capital and ICT producing industries
ICT capital is the result of the accumulation of past investment
expenditures on ICT assets. Thus, ICT capital must be considered as
any other form of (tangible) capital.
ICT assets: hardware, software and communication
ICT industries are the ones producing ICT goods and services.
• Computer, electrical and optical equipment
• Telecommunications
27. [ 27 ]
GFCF: ICT / NON-ICT ASSETS AND ICT PRODUCING INDUSTRIES
ICT NON-ICT
TOTAL Software Harware Communication Constructions Transport Others
1 Agriculture, forestry and fishing
2 Mining and quarrying
3 Food products, beverages and tobacco
4 Textiles, wearing apparel, leather and related products
5 Wood and paper products; printing and reproduction of recorded media
6 Coke and refined petroleum products
7 Chemicals and chemical products
8 Rubber and plastics products, and other non-metallic mineral products
9 Basic metals and fabricated metal products
10 Computer, electrical and optical equipment
11 Machinery and equipment n.e.c.
12 Transport equipment
13 Other manufacturing
14 Electricity, gas and water supply
15 Construction
16 Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles
17 Transportation
18 Accommodation and food service activities
19 Publishing, audiovisual and broadcasting activities
20 Telecommunications
21 IT and other information services
22 Financial and insurance activities
23
Professional, scientific, technical, administrative and support service
activities
24 Other service activities
Industries
28. [ 28 ]
Intangibles and CC Industries
Lets take a closer look at the classification of CC intangible assets and industries
having in mind the ICT case.
We want to look at CC activities with a twofold perspective: i) they are carried out
in particular CC industries and ii) they give way to specific CC intangible assets.
It is just a tentative approach since -contrary to the ICT case- as far as we know
there is not a broadly accepted definition of CC industries, nor of the related CC
assets.
From the industry perspective there are at least 4 alternative proposals:
• ESSnet- Culture
• European Cluster- Observatory
• UK DCMS
• UNESCO
We will take them as references for our proposal. However, our best choice
implies a four digit level of industry disaggregation which is not available.
29. [ 29 ]
Classification of Intangible assets
Intangible capital asset types
Computerized information
1. Software
2. Databases
Innovative property
3. Mineral exploration
4. R&D (scientific)
5. Entertainment and artistic originals
6. New products/systems in financial services
7. Design and other new products/systems
Economic competencies
8. Brand equity
a. Advertising
b. Market research
9. Firm-specific resources
a. Employer-provided training
b. Organizational structure
Narrow definition of CC
assets: items highlighted
in blue.
Wide definition of CC
assets: narrow definition
plus additional items
highlighted in yellow.
30. [ 30 ]
Telefónica Foundation. Sectoral dissagregation
Industrial classification and correspondence with CNAE 2009/NACE Rev. 2.
CNAE 2009/NACE Rev. 2
1 Agriculture, forestry and fishing 01-03
2 Mining and quarrying 5-9
3 Food products, beverages and tobacco 10-12
4 Textiles, wearing apparel, leather and related products 13-15
5 Wood and paper products; printing and reproduction of recorded media 16-18
6 Coke and refined petroleum products 19
7 Chemicals and chemical products 20-21
8 Rubber and plastics products, and other non-metallic mineral products 22-23
9 Basic metals and fabricated metal products 24-25
10 Computer, electrical and optical equipment 26-27
11 Machinery and equipment n.e.c. 28
12 Transport equipment 29-30
13 Other manufacturing 31-33
14 Electricity, gas and water supply 35-39
15 Construction 41-43
16 Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 45-47
17 Transportation 49-53
18 Accommodation and food service activities 55-56
19 Publishing, audiovisual and broadcasting activities 58-60
20 Telecommunications 61
21 IT and other information services 62-63
22 Financial and insurance activities 64-66
23 Professional, scientific, technical, administrative and support service activities 69-82
24 Other service activities 90-96
Industries
31. [ 31 ]
Classification of CC industries at two digit level
Industries highlighted in yellow color include at least one CC industry at four digit level. For
instance:
10. Computer, electrical and optical equipment includes (according only to the
European Cluster Observatory):
2680. Manufacture of magnetic and optical media
19. Publishing, audiovisual and broadcasting activities includes (according to at least
three of the four classifications: ESSnet-Culture, European Cluster Observatory, UK
DCMS, UNESCO) the following subindustries:
5811. Book Publishing
5813. Publishing of newspapers
5814. Publishing of journals and periodicals
5819. Other publishers
5821. Publishing of computer games
5829. Other software publishers
5911. Motion pictures, video and tv programme production activities
5912. Motion pictures, video and tv programme post-production activities
5913. Motion pictures, video and tv programme distribution activities
5914. Motion pictures projection activities
5920. Sound recording and music publishing activities
6010. Radio Broadcasting
6020. Television programming and broadcasting activities
32. [ 32 ]
GFCF: INTANGIBLE CC /NON-CC ASSETS AND CC
PRODUCING SECTORS
CC NON-CC
TOTAL
Computerized
Information
Entertainment
& artistics
originals
Design Advertising
Market
Research
R&D
Organizational
Structure
Others
1 Agriculture, forestry and fishing
2 Mining and quarrying
3 Food products, beverages and tobacco
4 Textiles, wearing apparel, leather and related products
5
Wood and paper products; printing and reproduction of recorded
media
6 Coke and refined petroleum products
7 Chemicals and chemical products
8
Rubber and plastics products, and other non-metallic mineral
products
9 Basic metals and fabricated metal products
10 Computer, electrical and optical equipment
11 Machinery and equipment n.e.c.
12 Transport equipment
13 Other manufacturing
14 Electricity, gas and water supply
15 Construction
16 Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles
17 Transportation
18 Accommodation and food service activities
19 Publishing, audiovisual and broadcasting activities
20 Telecommunications
21 IT and other information services
22 Financial and insurance activities
23
Professional, scientific, technical, administrative and support service
activities
24 Other service activities
Industries
33. [ 33 ]
Two 2 digit sectors (Professional Services, and Trade & Repair) comprising
some of the CC industries concentrate the highest weight of Spanish intangible
investment
Sectoral dissagregation of intangible investment. Private sector, 1995 & 2011
Percentage
Source: Author’s calculations.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
Agriculture, forestry and fishing
Mining and quarrying
Electricity, gas and water supply
Food products, beverages and tobacco
Textiles, wearing apparel, leather and related products
Wood and paper products; printing and reproduction of recorded media
Coke and refined petroleum products
Chemicals and chemical products
Rubber and plastics products, and other non-metallic mineral products
Basic metals and fabricated metal products
Computer, electrical and optical equipment
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.
Transport equipment
Other manufacturing
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles
Transportation
Accommodation and food service activities
Publishing, audiovisual and broadcasting activities
Telecommunications
IT and other information services
Financial and insurance activities
Professional, scientific, technical, administrative and support service activities
Other service activities
1995 2011
34. [ 34 ]
Participation of intangible investment in non-residential total investment of each
industry. Private sector, 1995 & 2011
Percentage. Total = 100
S A th ’ l l ti
Publishing, audiovisual and broadcasting, Professional Services and IT and other
information services have the highest weight of intangible on total non-residential
investment (around 60%)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND FISHING
ENERGY
Mining and quarrying
Electricity, gas and water supply
MANUFACTURING
Food products, beverages and tobacco
Textiles, wearing apparel, leather and related products
Wood and paper products; printing and reproduction of recorded media
Coke and refined petroleum products
Chemicals and chemical products
Rubber and plastics products, and other non-metallic mineral products
Basic metals and fabricated metal products
Computer, electrical and optical equipment
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.
Transport equipment
Other manufacturing
CONSTRUCTION
SERVICES
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles
Transportation
Accommodation and food service activities
Publishing, audiovisual and broadcasting activities
Telecommunications
IT and other information services
Financial and insurance activities
Professional, scientific, technical, administrative and support service…
Other service activities
TOTAL PRIVATE SECTOR
1995 2011
35. [ 35 ]
Share of creative and cultural investment in total non-residential investment,
selected CC industries. Spain. Private sector, 2011
Percentage
Source: Author’s calculations.
The distribution of CC investment among CC industries is very uneven
both in total and in composition
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Wood and
paper products;
printing and
reproduction of
recorded media
Other
manufacturing
Wholesale and
retail trade;
repair of motor
vehicles and
motorcycles
Publishing,
audiovisual and
broadcasting
activities
IT and other
information
services
Professional,
scientific,
technical,
administrative
and support
service activities
Other service
activities
Computerized information Entertainment and artistic originals and mineral exploration
Design and other new products/systems Advertisement
Market research
36. [ 36 ]
Final Remarks
• Nowadays there is a strong movement for widening the sources of growth
perspective.
• Intangibles assets are taking the lead. R&D has always been identified as an
important source of growth, but more relevant aspects –such as
improvements in the fuctioning of firms- are being included.
• One of the advantages of the CHS approach is that it stays within the NA
bounderies, so intangibles can fit smoothly into the KLEMS framework.
• However, the characteristics of the new intangible assets facilitate moving
away from the neoclassical mainstream model into a more Shumpeterian
perspective.
• There are already estimates of intangible capital for the EU countries, and the
US, thanks to the INTAN-Invest Iniciative.
• Next step is to broaden the scope including sectoral disaggregation. The work
done in Spain funded by Fundación Telefonica goes in this direction. It
considers 24 sectors (the same sectoral disaggregation as EU KLEMS).
• The SPINTAN project, funded by the 7th Framework Program starting
December 2013 will contribute to increase our understanding of the role
played by intangibles by expanding the actual framework to Public Sector
Intangibles.
37. [ 37 ]
Final Remarks
Concerning Cultural and Creative Activities
• We could think in CC as industries only. Alternatively, we could think
as, both, industries producing CC goods and services and as assets.
• In the second case, the investment made by all economic sectors in
CC assets (Entertainment & Artistic orginals, Design and Advertising)
could be capitalized as intangible capital and, thus, receive the same
treatment than other forms of (tangible) capital.
• In order to implement this approach it is needed:
1. A clear definition of CC industries
2. Most probably: a 4-digit sector level of disaggregation
3. The expenditure made in each asset with this level of disaggregation
4. A capitalization factor (how much of the expenditure made in each of the
three assets can be considered investment instead of intermediate
consumption?)
5. A deflator for each asset, as well as
6. An average service life for each of them
7. HARD WORK & GOOD LUCK
38. [ 38 ]
Intangibles and Cultural and Creative Industries
Matilde Mas & Javier Quesada
Universidad de Valencia & Ivie
Seminario Internacional
Economía Regional de las Actividades Creativas y los
Servicios Innovadores
Universidad de Alcalá, 25 y 26 de junio, 2015