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What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the what's app number of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
+12349014282
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how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the what'sapp number of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Message: +12349014282 VIA Whatsapp.
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
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how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the what'sapp number.
+12349014282
Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptxWrito-Finance
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
Private and Public Intangible Capital in the US and EU Economies: Recent Trends and New Policy Challenges
1. Private and Public Intangible Capital in the US and EU
Economies:
Recent Trends and New Policy Challenges
C. Jona-Lasinio, (LUISS Lab and ISTAT), Rome
C. Corrado, (The Conference Board), New York
J. Haskel, (Imperial College, CEPR and IZA), London
K. Jaeger, (The Conference Board), Bruxelles
M.Iommi, (LUISS Lab and ISTAT), Rome
WPIA - OECD
12-13 October 2015, Paris
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for
research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement No. 612774
C. Jona-Lasinio SPINTAN 1 / 28
2. Outline
• SPINTAN (www.SPINTAN.net): our aim and progresses
• Conceptual issues and main measurement challenges
• Recent trends of public and private intangible investments in the
US and EU economies
• Sources of growth in the total economy
• Policy challenges and next steps
C. Jona-Lasinio SPINTAN 2 / 28
3. The economic view of intangibles
• Taking seriously intangibles drastically changes our view of how
the rise of the knowledge economy impacts on growth and
productivity
• The economic view of intangibles asks for a deep investigation of
the channels through which public and private intangible
investment affect productivity growth.
• Integrating the impact of intangibles on growth in the total
economy is tricky
• Spillovers and complementarities across assets and sectors are difficult to
measure and hard to convey.
• The first step is to generate harmonized measures of intangibles
across sectors and countries
• Corrado, Hulten and Sichel (2005) developed the measurement framework for
intangibles in the market sector.
• Corrado, Haskel and Jona-Lasinio (2014) proposed a framework to measure
intangible investment in the nonmarket sector.
C. Jona-Lasinio SPINTAN 3 / 28
4. Knowledge based capital in the total economy
Mapping the CHS assets to the nonmarket sector
and consumer product and food and drug safety (i.e, investments in product reputation). The
correspondence for computer software, purchased investments in organizational capital, and
function-specific worker capital (employer-provided training) is of course far closer.
Table 3: Knowledge Capital in a Total Economy
Market Sector Nonmarket Sector
Computerized Information Information, Scientific, and Cultural Assets
1 Software 1 Software
2 Databases 2 Open data
Innovative Property
3 R&D, broadly defined to 3 R&D, basic and applied science
include all NPD costs
4 Entertainment & artistic originals 4 Cultural and heritage, including
5 Design arch. & eng. design
6 Mineral exploration 5 Mineral exploration
Economic Competencies Societal Competencies
7 Brands 6 Brands
8 Organizational capital 7 Organizational capital
(a) Manager capital (a) Professional and manager capital
(b) Purchased organizational services (b) Purchased organizational services
9 Firm-specific human capital 8 Function-specific human capital
(employer-provided training) (employer-provided training)
Note—NPD=New Product Development, including testing and spending for new financial products
and other services development not included in software or conventional science-based R&D.
C. Jona-Lasinio SPINTAN 4 / 28
5. Conceptual framework (Corrado, Haskel, Jona-Lasinio(2014))
Asset typology and SPINTAN topics
4
Types of capital
Knowledge capital
Intangible assets
Physical capital
Tangible assets
Human capital
Human assets
HEALTH and EDUCATION
CULTURE and the ARTS
SCIENCE and the economy
INFORMATION and the economy
Impacts, links, and synergies across
asset types are topic dependent
Topics of interest
The conceptual framework for the measurement of public intangibles is formulated with
the analysis of certain topics in mind: health and education, culture and the arts, science
and the economy, and information and the economy (i.e., not the environment, not mass
transport, etc.).
C. Jona-Lasinio SPINTAN 5 / 28
6. The scope of intangible assets used by the public sector:
industries of interest
laboratories, public parks and museums) in many countries; see table 1 below. The use of “mar-
ket” vs. “nonmarket” groupings of industries is thus not precise because an industry can reflect
activity carried out by a mix of producers, as is evident with NACE Section R and the larger
section of which NACE Section MB is a part.4
Table 1: SPINTAN Industries of Interest
nace nace
section Industry title number
MB Scientific research and development 72
O Public administration and defence; compulsory social security 84
P Education 85
QA Human health activities 86
QB Residential care and social work activities 87-88
R Creative, arts and entertainment activities;
libraries, archives, museums and other cultural activities 90-91
Gambling and betting activities;
sports activities and amusement and recreation activities 92-93
Note—NACE Rev. 2.
Before we leave the subject of NACE-defined industries, it must be said that in some countries
there are industries with significant government or nonmarket production besides those listed
in table 1. These tend to be industries that engage in activities not germane to our topic areas,
Besides Public administration and defence, other industries in the
table contain a mix of market and nonmarket producers.
C. Jona-Lasinio SPINTAN 6 / 28
7. Multiple measurement dimensions of Public intangibles
!CHS!intangible!assets!
Nonmarket!sector!4!industries!
!Informa9on,!
Scien9fic!and!
Cultural!assets!
Societal!
Competencies!
NA!intangibles!(So$ware,*
R&D,*Mineral*explora4on)*
Non!NA!intangibles!(Open*
data,*Cultural*and*heritage,*
including*design,*Brands,*
Organiza4onal*capital,*
Func4onBspecific*human*
capital)*
C. Jona-Lasinio SPINTAN 7 / 28
8. Aim
Complete the coverage of intangible investment by industry making
possible analysis of productivity for the total economy based on a
complete accounting of intangible capital inputs.
• Existing measures of intangible investment, INTAN-Invest, cover
a subset of industries: the market sector
• SPINTAN covers the nonmarket sector
New conceptual and measurement challenges
• Identify the asset boundary in the total economy
• Impute a rate of return to public capital formation
• Investigate behavioural link public to private and vice versa (e.g.
role of public sector R&D on private sector)
C. Jona-Lasinio SPINTAN 8 / 28
9. The SPINTAN database
• SPINTAN will deliver (December 2016) estimates of public
intangible investment by industry and institutional sector for 22
European economies plus the US, China, India and Brazil for the
years 1995-2013.
• The data will be cross-country harmonized and consistent with
the National Accounts (NA) principles and with business sector
estimates of intangibles developed by INTAN-Invest
(www.INTAN-Invest.net)
C. Jona-Lasinio SPINTAN 9 / 28
10. Data description
Descriptive analysis will focus on 3 sets of data
• Descriptive analysis (1995-2010)
• CHS type assets for 22 EU countries and the US
• CHS type assets - Non-National Accounts for
10 EU countries and the US
• Sources of growth analysis in the total economy (1995-2009)
• CHS type assets for 5 EU countries
C. Jona-Lasinio SPINTAN 10 / 28
11. New issues to be investigated....
• What is the magnitude of overall intangible investment in the
total economy?
• Does the non-market sector is relatively more or less intangible
intensive than the market sector?
• What are the linkages between nonmarket and market intangibles?
• What is the productivity contribution of intangible capital in the
market and nonmarket sectors?
• Market and nonmarket intangibles over the business cycle
• Do Non-NA intangibles are relevant?
C. Jona-Lasinio SPINTAN 11 / 28
13. Nonmarket and market Non-NA intangible shares of GDP
Overall (market and nonmarket) Non-NA intangible investment account for 7% to 3% of
GDP with private and public sectors accounting on average for 5% and 0.6% respectively.
0.0#
1.0#
2.0#
3.0#
4.0#
5.0#
6.0#
at# de# es# be# fi# fr# it# nl# se# uk# us#
NMKT# 0.3# 0.4# 0.2# 0.6# 0.7# 0.4# 0.5# 0.6# 0.6# 1.0# 1.2#
MKT# 3.5# 3.7# 2.5# 4.8# 3.2# 4.1# 2.9# 4.5# 4.1# 5.0# 5.3#
C. Jona-Lasinio SPINTAN 13 / 28
14. Non-Na intangible shares of nonmarket and market value added
Intangible intensity varies considerably across countries with most advanced economies
( US, UK and FI) more intensive in the nonmarket sector. In the remaining countries it is
the opposite (for these assets).
NMKT%
MKT%
0.0%
1.0%
2.0%
3.0%
4.0%
5.0%
6.0%
7.0%
8.0%
9.0%
10.0%
es% at% fr% de% nl% se% be% it% fi% us% uk%
NMKT% 1.7% 2.7% 3.3% 4.2% 4.5% 4.7% 4.9% 4.9% 7.2% 9.5% 9.5%
MKT% 3.5% 5.0% 6.9% 5.5% 6.6% 6.8% 7.1% 4.3% 4.8% 7.6% 7.4%
C. Jona-Lasinio SPINTAN 14 / 28
16. Non-NA intangible investment and GDP per capita (1995-2010)
...and public intangible intensity is positively correlated with the level
of economic development
AT#
DE#
ES#
BE#
FI#
FR#
IT# NL#
SE#
UK#
US#
0.0#
5.0#
10.0#
15.0#
20.0#
25.0#
25000# 30000# 35000# 40000# 45000# 50000#
Non#Market/Market#intangible#investments#
GDP#Per#capita#(EKS#US#$#2010)#
C. Jona-Lasinio SPINTAN 16 / 28
17. Non-NA intangible investment and GDP per hours worked (1995-2010)
...also measured as GDP per hours worked
AT#
DE#
ES#
BE#
FI#
FR#
IT#
NL#
SE#
UK#
US#
0.0#
5.0#
10.0#
15.0#
20.0#
25.0#
35.0# 40.0# 45.0# 50.0# 55.0# 60.0#
Non#Market/Market#intangible#investments##
GDP#per#hours#worked#
C. Jona-Lasinio SPINTAN 17 / 28
18. GDP shares of market and nonmarket intangibles
over the business cycle: (1995-2007) vs (2007-2010)
!4.0%
!3.0%
!2.0%
!1.0%
0.0%
1.0%
2.0%
3.0%
4.0%
5.0%
6.0%
at% de% es% be% fi% fr% it% nl% se% uk% us%
GDP%shares%of%market%and%nonmarket%intangible%
investment:%1995!2007%
(%#changes)#
MKT$ NMKT$
!6.0%
!4.0%
!2.0%
0.0%
2.0%
4.0%
6.0%
8.0%
at% de% es% be% fi% fr% it% nl% se% uk% us%
GDP%shares%of%market%and%nonmarket%intangible%
investment:%2007!2010%
(%#changes)%%
Intangible investment has been marginally impacted by the financial
crisis and nonmarket intangibles even less compared to market
intangibles!
C. Jona-Lasinio SPINTAN 18 / 28
19. What are the main drivers of non-NA intangible investment?
Organizational capital accounts for the largest share of intangible
investment both in the nonmarket (45%) and market (35%) sector.
C. Jona-Lasinio SPINTAN 19 / 28
20. Organizational capital: shares in total market and nonmarket
intangible investments
On average purchased OC accounts for a larger share both in
nonmarket and market sectors but shares varies considerably across
countries and sectors.
C. Jona-Lasinio SPINTAN 20 / 28
21. Return to nonmarket capital
• Once we have capitalized public intangibles we want to evaluate
their contribution to productivity growth.
• To achieve this goal we need to impute a net return to public
investments.
• A SPINTAN background paper by (Corrado and Jaeger, 2015)
explores using the social rate of time preference (Feldstein, 1964;
OECD 2009) as a relevant alternative for imputing a rate of
return to government capital.
• But at this stage we adopt the national accounts assumption of a
zero nonmarket sector rate of return.
C. Jona-Lasinio SPINTAN 21 / 28
22. Sources of growth analysis
• Adding national accounts intangibles (R&D, software, and artistic
and entertainment originals plus mineral exploration) to the
SPINTAN and INTAN-Invest measures of intangibles we are able
to look at a fairly complete picture of intangible inputs to total
production across a sample of advanced countries:
• Finland, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom
• Data sources: SPINTAN, INTAN-Invest and EUKLEMS
• Contributions to labour productivity growth of market and
nonmarket sectors.
C. Jona-Lasinio SPINTAN 22 / 28
23. Contributions to Labour Productivity Growth:1995-2009
The performance of advanced economies differs widely according to market versus
nonmarket sector. In Germany, UK and Finland intangible capital is an important source
of growth for the public sector.
C. Jona-Lasinio SPINTAN 23 / 28
24. Contributions to Labour Productivity Growth:
1995-2007 vs 2007-2009
At the very beginning of the financial crisis, intangible capital
positively supported labour productivity growth of both market and
non-market sectors in the advanced economies.
C. Jona-Lasinio SPINTAN 24 / 28
25. Summing up
• Intangible capital accounts for one-fifth to one-third of labor
productivity growth in the market sector of the US and EU
economies
• ....and for one-third of labor productivity growth in the nonmarket
sector in the EU economies
• Intangibles appear to be counter cyclical particularly in the
nonmarket sector
• Organizational capital is a key asset in this framework
C. Jona-Lasinio SPINTAN 25 / 28
26. Policy challenges
• A primary characteristic of intangible capital, widely supported by
growth accounting exercises and macroeconomic studies, is to be
growth-promoting.
• This is because intangible investments likely generate spillovers to
the economic system being non-rival and possibly non-excludable.
Such spillovers, if they exist, might be within the private sector
and/or between the public and private sector.
• In the light in particular of the claim and counter-claim around
public sector austerity and fiscal policy in Europe, it would be
vital to know which, if any, public sector intangibles had positive
spillovers to the rest of the economy.
• If intangibles is the main story, the focus is long-term, not
short-term requiring bigger policy commitments.
C. Jona-Lasinio SPINTAN 26 / 28
27. SPINTAN: Next steps
• Generate real measures of public intangible investments and net
capital stocks.
• Impute a rate of return to nonmarket capital.
• Provide a deep investigation of mechanisms trough which the
synergies between Public and Private sector affect economic
growth.
C. Jona-Lasinio SPINTAN 27 / 28