This document summarizes a study on the biomechanics of the instep kick in soccer. The study investigated factors that affect the efficiency of the instep kick, including last stride length, angle of thigh flexion/extension, and relationship of velocity between body joints. Three subjects performed instep kicks that were analyzed using APAS and Kinovea systems. The results showed that a longer last stride length, greater thigh extension angle, and smaller knee flexion angle contributed to higher ball velocity and kicking accuracy. Subject 3 generally demonstrated biomechanical parameters that were more favorable for an accurate instep kick.
A STEM Module for Bioengineering Topics Muscle and Movement: Part I - Kicking...mjmurp05
This learning module takes a look into the bioengineering world from the perspective of every day activities. The activity that this part of the module focuses is on kicking a soccer ball and the bones/joints, muscles and forces that are involved. This is the powerpoint supplement to the learning module. See PDF file with the same title for lesson plan. Target Grade: 6th
The four hamstrings muscles are: the biceps femoris (long head), the biceps
femoris (short head), the semitendinosus, and the semimembranosus. The
two biceps femoris muscles are located on the lateral part of the thigh.
The semitendinosus and the semimembranosus are located on the medial
part of the thigh.
Os resultados atuais indicaram que a ocorrência de lesões de isquiotibiais podem estar associadas a uma mudança hierárquica na distribuição da atividade metabólica dentro do complexo muscular do isquiotibial após o trabalho excêntrico em que o Semitendinoso provavelmente deveria tomar a parte principal, seguido pelo BÍceps Femural e Semimembranoso. Quando o BF aumenta sua contribuição e é ativado em uma extensão proporcionalmente maior, o risco de sofrer uma lesão do isquiotibial pode aumentar substancialmente.
A STEM Module for Bioengineering Topics Muscle and Movement: Part I - Kicking...mjmurp05
This learning module takes a look into the bioengineering world from the perspective of every day activities. The activity that this part of the module focuses is on kicking a soccer ball and the bones/joints, muscles and forces that are involved. This is the powerpoint supplement to the learning module. See PDF file with the same title for lesson plan. Target Grade: 6th
The four hamstrings muscles are: the biceps femoris (long head), the biceps
femoris (short head), the semitendinosus, and the semimembranosus. The
two biceps femoris muscles are located on the lateral part of the thigh.
The semitendinosus and the semimembranosus are located on the medial
part of the thigh.
Os resultados atuais indicaram que a ocorrência de lesões de isquiotibiais podem estar associadas a uma mudança hierárquica na distribuição da atividade metabólica dentro do complexo muscular do isquiotibial após o trabalho excêntrico em que o Semitendinoso provavelmente deveria tomar a parte principal, seguido pelo BÍceps Femural e Semimembranoso. Quando o BF aumenta sua contribuição e é ativado em uma extensão proporcionalmente maior, o risco de sofrer uma lesão do isquiotibial pode aumentar substancialmente.
The hamstrings are made up of three
muscles: semitendinosus (ST), semimembranosus (SM) and the biceps femoris
(BF). ST is in the back, inner part of your thighs. SM is in the back, outerish part
of your thighs along with the BF. [Do not get the biceps femoris in your legs
confused with the biceps brachii in your arm..] This group of muscles, in general,
allows us to curl our legs and bring our shins to our butt.
John Orchard
Adjunct Associate Professor, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney.
-
Hamstrings are most susceptible to injury during the late stance phase of sprinting
Muscle activation during various hamstring exercisesFernando Farias
The main findings of this investigation demonstrate that
there are significant differences in activation within muscles
when comparing all exercises. Although one might expect
similar activation for a given muscle for activities of similar
kinematics, such as the prone leg curl and glute-ham raise,
this is not the case with the data herein
Neuromuscular plasticity in quadriceps functions in response to trainingMuscleTech Network
Neuromuscular plasticity in quadriceps functions in response to training and how this might affect sprinting ability and kicking performance
Per Aagaard
8th MuscleTech Network Workshop
Rehabilitation of rectus Femoris Injuries. Experience at Sevilla FC
José Conde And Adolfo Muñoz
8th MuscleTech Network Workshop
Tuesday 4th October, 2016
Preventing programs in Football Club Barcelona - Xavi, antonio & francescMuscleTech Network
Xavier Yanguas
Sports Medicine Specialist at the Medical Services Futbol Club Barcelona.
-
Preventing programs in Football Club Barcelona
(6th MuscleTech Network Workshop)
14 and 14th October, 2014
The effect of instability training on knee joint proprioception and core stre...Fernando Farias
A general 10-week IT program utilizing Swiss balls and body mass as a resistance proved effective for improving knee proprioception as well as trunk flexion and extension strength in previously inactive individuals. The present study demonstrates that the use of body weight as a resis- tance under unstable conditions can provide significant improvements in knee proprioception (for as long as 9 months after training) and trunk strength for the untrained population that should contribute to general health and functionality.
John Ralston (X2 Biosystems) How Wearables are Helping to Monitor Head Impac...AugmentedWorldExpo
The ability to directly monitor head impact biomechanics using wearable sensors has fundamentally changed our understanding of the corresponding risks in a wide range of sports. One key finding is that significant tissue damage and changes in neural connectivity may result even in the absence of clinically diagnosed concussion symptoms. We will discuss our recent advances in evolving wearable sensors into advanced neuro-trauma dosimeters, suitable for monitoring cumulative damage due to repetitive head impacts and developing remove-from-play thresholds. These efforts combine measured head impact biomechanics, finite element modeling of the corresponding forces generated in the brain, and high resolution MRI imaging of the resulting changes in neural connectivity. We will also discuss related applications of wearable head impact sensors in the development of new concussion diagnostics such as blood biomarkers and eye tracking.
Augmented World Expo (AWE) is back for its seventh year in our largest conference and expo featuring technologies giving us superpowers: augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR) and wearable tech. Join over 4,000 attendees from all over the world including a mix of CEOs, CTOs, designers, developers, creative agencies, futurists, analysts, investors, and top press in a fantastic opportunity to learn, inspire, partner, and experience first hand the most exciting industry of our times. See more at http://AugmentedWorldExpo.com
The hamstrings are made up of three
muscles: semitendinosus (ST), semimembranosus (SM) and the biceps femoris
(BF). ST is in the back, inner part of your thighs. SM is in the back, outerish part
of your thighs along with the BF. [Do not get the biceps femoris in your legs
confused with the biceps brachii in your arm..] This group of muscles, in general,
allows us to curl our legs and bring our shins to our butt.
John Orchard
Adjunct Associate Professor, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney.
-
Hamstrings are most susceptible to injury during the late stance phase of sprinting
Muscle activation during various hamstring exercisesFernando Farias
The main findings of this investigation demonstrate that
there are significant differences in activation within muscles
when comparing all exercises. Although one might expect
similar activation for a given muscle for activities of similar
kinematics, such as the prone leg curl and glute-ham raise,
this is not the case with the data herein
Neuromuscular plasticity in quadriceps functions in response to trainingMuscleTech Network
Neuromuscular plasticity in quadriceps functions in response to training and how this might affect sprinting ability and kicking performance
Per Aagaard
8th MuscleTech Network Workshop
Rehabilitation of rectus Femoris Injuries. Experience at Sevilla FC
José Conde And Adolfo Muñoz
8th MuscleTech Network Workshop
Tuesday 4th October, 2016
Preventing programs in Football Club Barcelona - Xavi, antonio & francescMuscleTech Network
Xavier Yanguas
Sports Medicine Specialist at the Medical Services Futbol Club Barcelona.
-
Preventing programs in Football Club Barcelona
(6th MuscleTech Network Workshop)
14 and 14th October, 2014
The effect of instability training on knee joint proprioception and core stre...Fernando Farias
A general 10-week IT program utilizing Swiss balls and body mass as a resistance proved effective for improving knee proprioception as well as trunk flexion and extension strength in previously inactive individuals. The present study demonstrates that the use of body weight as a resis- tance under unstable conditions can provide significant improvements in knee proprioception (for as long as 9 months after training) and trunk strength for the untrained population that should contribute to general health and functionality.
John Ralston (X2 Biosystems) How Wearables are Helping to Monitor Head Impac...AugmentedWorldExpo
The ability to directly monitor head impact biomechanics using wearable sensors has fundamentally changed our understanding of the corresponding risks in a wide range of sports. One key finding is that significant tissue damage and changes in neural connectivity may result even in the absence of clinically diagnosed concussion symptoms. We will discuss our recent advances in evolving wearable sensors into advanced neuro-trauma dosimeters, suitable for monitoring cumulative damage due to repetitive head impacts and developing remove-from-play thresholds. These efforts combine measured head impact biomechanics, finite element modeling of the corresponding forces generated in the brain, and high resolution MRI imaging of the resulting changes in neural connectivity. We will also discuss related applications of wearable head impact sensors in the development of new concussion diagnostics such as blood biomarkers and eye tracking.
Augmented World Expo (AWE) is back for its seventh year in our largest conference and expo featuring technologies giving us superpowers: augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR) and wearable tech. Join over 4,000 attendees from all over the world including a mix of CEOs, CTOs, designers, developers, creative agencies, futurists, analysts, investors, and top press in a fantastic opportunity to learn, inspire, partner, and experience first hand the most exciting industry of our times. See more at http://AugmentedWorldExpo.com
Applied Biomechanics – a multifaceted approach to answering human movement qu...InsideScientific
Experts review the basic principles of biomechanics and how the study of human movement has evolved over time. Presenters highlight examples in applied kinematics, applied kinetics and applied neuromuscular/motor control and demonstrate how methodologies vary depending on the field of study or area of expertise.
The muscle are biological motors which convert chemical energy into force and mechanical work.
This biological machinery is composed of proteins – which is actomyosin and the fuel is ATP.
With the use of muscles we are able to act on our environment.
Relationship between Selected Anthropometric Measurement and Volleyball Playe...Sports Journal
The present study was undertaken to find out the significant relationship of selected anthropometric variables with the volleyball playing performance. 25 university level male volleyball players from Guru Ghasidas Univertsity, Bilaspur were selected as a subject for the present study with age range between 18 to 22 years. The following anthropometric variables i.e. Height, Weight, Arm length and Leg length variables were selected for the testing the hypothesis. The playing performance was analyzed by three experts through subjective observation. Pearson’s Product Moment correlation test was employed for the present study and the level of significance was set at 0.05. The statistical test was computed by using standard statistical package SPSS 16. Analysis of the results indicated that Height and Leg length from the anthropometric variables were shown the significant relationship with the volleyball playing performance.
Effect of shoes containing nanosilica particles on knee valgus in active fema...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Abstract
Objective(s):
The effect of silica nanoparticles (SNPs) in sport shoes outsoles on the parameters related to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) Injury has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of shoes outsole containing a composite of thermoplastic elastomer based on styrene-butadiene and silica nanoparticles (TPEN shoe) on Knee Valgus Angle (KVA) as a risk factor of ACL injuries during landing.
Materials and Methods:
Fourteen active healthy women without knee injuries and disorders performed bilateral drop jump (DJ) and single leg drop landing (SLL) tasks in barefoot, wearing shoes fabricated with polyvinyl chloride outsole (PVC shoe) and TPEN shoes conditions , randomly. The knee valgus angle values of right and left legs were calculated in the landing conditions. Two factors repeated measures ANOVA were used to investigate the effect of landing and footwear conditions on KVA of right and left legs.
Results:
For both left and right limbs, the KVA was at maximum and minimum values during landing with barefoot and TPEN shoes, respectively. PVC shoe significantly reduced the knee valgus by 3.84% in left and 4.18% in right knee (P<0.05)><0.05).
Conclusion:
Shod landing and specially TPEN shoe decreases KVA compared to barefoot. Our results suggested that using SNPs could produce some viscoelasticity property and a better joint movement control in shoe outsoles which can reduce KVA and consequent reduction of ACL Injury.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
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Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
1. THE BIOMECHANICS OF INSTEP
KICK IN SOCCER
LAB 5
GROUP 2
GROUP MEMBERS:
NAME
MATRIC NO.
MOHD ISYAMUDDIN BIN JUMAAT
D20101039366
MUHAMMAD HAFIZ BIN IBRAHIM
D20101039282
MOHAMMAD SHAHNUR BIN MOHD SHAH
D20101039379
NUR HEIDIYATUN BINTI MOHD SALLEH
D20101039387
2. INTRODUCTION •
The instep kick technique is one of
the important aspect of a soccer
player.
• Instep kicking is related to higher
ball speed and less knee and hip
rotation in the coronal and the
transverse plane compared with
other kicks. (Kellis & Katis, 2010)
• Success of an instep soccer kick also
depends on various general factors
such as:– the distance of the kick from the goal,
– the air resistance,
– the technique of the main kick which is
best described using biomechanical
analysis. (Kellis & Katis, 2010)
3. Instep Kick Sequence Motion In Real
Subject
Ball approach
Planting one foot at the side
of the ball with kicking foot
extended to the back
The swing through of the kicking
foot to kick the ball with the
instep of the foot
Follow
through
4. AIM
• This study is conducted to investigate the
factors affecting the efficiency of a kick using
an instep kick, that is:- The last stride length.
- The effective angle of thigh flexion and
extension before kicking.
- Relationship of the velocity between the
body joints.
5. ACCURACY IN KICKING
ACCURACY IN KICKING
POINT OF
KICKING AT THE
BALL
CENTER
SPEED/
FORCE
TYPE OF KICKING
TYPE OF KICKING
SIDE OF
THE BALL
FRONT
SIDE
KICK
ANGLE OF
ANGLE OF
EXTENSION OF
EXTENSION OF
THE THIGH
THE THIGH
INSTEP
INSTEP
KICK
KICK
LAST STRIDE
LAST STRIDE
LENGTH
LENGTH
OUTSIDE
KICK
VELOCITY OF THE
VELOCITY OF THE
JOINTS
JOINTS
Lees, A., Asai, T., Andersen A. B., Nunome, H., & Sterzing, T. (2010). The biomechanics of ki
A review. Journal of Sport Sciences, 28(8):805-817.
8. Subject
Age
Muhammad
Ridzwan Ramli
24 years old
Suhaimi bin Abd
Razak
22 years old
Zarulnaim Bin
Mansur
22 years old
Height
175 cm
164 cm
166 cm
Weight
70 kg
58 kg
54 kg
Position
Midfielder
Left Striker
Defender
Level
INTER-POLY player
UPSI SUKSIS
assistant coach
Former state school
player
15. Table Of Results
SUBJECTS
ANGLE OF
KNEE FLEXION
ANGLE OF
THIGH
EXTENSION
(1) RIDZWAN
(2) SUHAIMI
(3) ZARULNAIM
82°
118°
72°
108°
90°
113°
ACCURACY
Table 1. Angle of thigh and knee extension.
16. Table Of Results
SUBJECTS
(1) RIDZWAN
(2) SUHAIMI
(3) ZARULNAIM
Last Stride
Length
133cm
122cm
135cm
Speed Of The
Ball
38cm/s
30cm/s
33cm/s
Table 2. Length of last stride length and ball speed.
20. The Phases of Instep Kick
Approach Phase
shoulder
Contact Ball
Phase
hip
Follow Through Phase
knee
Graph 1. The velocity of the joints in instep kick phases.
ankle
foot
21. APAS RESULTS (Best Subject)
Velocity of The shank
Graph of the relationship of velocity between thigh and shank
Graph 2. The velocity relationship between the thigh and shank (Subject 3)
22. Velocity 5 Point of Instep Kick
The graphs beside showing the
velocity of shoulder, hip, knee,
ankle and foot.
Subject 1
The approach phase of Subject
3 take the shortest time
compared to the others.
Besides, the follow through
phase for subject 3 is the
longest compared to the others.
Subject 2
The graphs also show that the
sequence of instep kick is
shoulder, hip, knee, ankle and
the last is foot.
Subject 3
Graph 3. The velocity relationship between
joints
23. Result of The Average Angle Velocity
Among The Subjects
(cm/s)
Subject 1
Subject 2
Subject 3
Shoulder
-0.38
-0.82
- 0.60
Hip
-0.77
-0.99
- 0.40
Knee
-0.84
-1.06
-0.51
Ankle
-1.16
-1.19
- 0. 57
Foot
-1.02
-1.02
- 0.66
Table 3. Average angle of joints velocity.
24. DISCUSSION
• Last Stride Length
- From the results shown, subject 3 made a long
last stride length (135cm) which improves the
accuracy of instep kick. (Refer table 2)
- While the last stride length of the other 2 subject
is in between 133cm and 120cm.
- Stoner and Ben-Sira (1981) reported that the
longer last stride length among the professional
player in between 1.69m – 1.59m.
- Based on the results, it is proven that the higher
last stride length will increase accuracy.
25. • Angel Extension of the thigh
- In this research, subject 1 extended his thigh at 108
degrees, subject 2 at 90 degrees and the subject 3 at
113 degrees for their largest angle of thigh extension. (
Refer Table 1)
- Subject 3 had a biggest thigh extension angle while
backswing compared to subject 2 and 1.
- The higher thigh angle while backswing with higher
angle of leg extension is better because it can generate
more power in kicking and increase the distance of ball
reach and accuracy (Linthorne & Patel, 2010). The
study found that the best thigh extension angle is >100
degree.
26. • Angle Knee Flexion
- In this research, we found that the minimum angle of
knee flexion for subject 1 is 82°, subject 2 is 118° and
subject 3 is 72° degree. Subject 3 got the smaller angle
compared to the subject 1 and 2 in maximum knee
flexion angle. (Refer Table 2)
- The smaller the knee flexion angle will produce more
force while kicking and will influence the speed of the
ball (Linthorne & Patel, 2010). In this study provide
that the best knee flexion angle is <100 degree.
27. • Velocity of the Joint
- Based on the APAS results shown, subject 3
had the fastest joint velocity except for the
shoulder velocity. (Refer Table 3)
- For the summation of forces, higher velocity
of joint will produce and provide higher
velocity on the next joint.
28. CONCLUSION
• The higher the distance of last stride length in
range 1.35m – 1.69m will generate more
velocity as well as momentum to produce high
force and power when kicking the ball (Stoner
and Ben-Sira, 1981).
29. • This study showed that the bigger thigh
extension (120° – 100°) the smaller angle of
knee flexion (40° – 80°) while kicking will
generate more force and power.
• This is because it can generate more power in
kicking and increase the distance of ball reach
and accuracy. (Linthorne & Patel, 2010).
30. • The fastest velocity of the segment will
generate more power in the summation force
theory.
32. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
• Thousands of thanks and gratitude to:
Mr. Jamili and Mr. Hakimi for the help on the apparatus
and technical settings and measurements through our
project
Ms Nur Aqilah bt Mokhtar, Ms Nur Amira bt Mahmood
and Ms Safia bt Sulaiman for their help and guidance in
conducting our project
Suhaimi bin Abd Razak, Muhammad Ridzwan bin Ramli,
and Zarulnaim bin Mansur for being our subjects in this
project
Beloved parents and families, as well as our friends and
course mates for their understanding and help through
out the project
33. REFERENCES
MAIN JOURNAL:
Lees, A., Asai, T., Andersen A. B., Nunome, H., &
Sterzing, T. (2010). The biomechanics of
kicking in soccer: A review. Journal of Sport
Sciences, 28(8):805-817.
34. SUPPORTING JOURNAL:
Katis A. and Kellis E. (2010). Three-dimensional kinematics and ground
reaction forces during the instep and outstep soccer kicks in
pubertal players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 28(11):1233–
1241.
Katis A. and Kellis E. (2007). Biomechanical characteristics and
determinants
of instep soccer kick. Journal of Sports Science
and Medicine, 6,154-165.
Bubannj S., Stankovic R., Joksimovic S., Bubanjl R., Kozomara G., &
Efthimiadis P. (2010). Kinematics of accurate inside of foot
kick. Kinesiologia Slovenica, 16, 1-2, 75-83.
35. BOOKS:
Reilly T. & Williams A.M., (2003). Science and
Soccer 2nd edition.
36. INTERNET:
Shan, G. & Wilde B. (2012). Know-How of Maximal Instep Kick in
Soccer. Retrieved on May 23, 2012,from
http://www.coachesinfo.com/index.php?option=com_content
&view=article&id=10313%3A-know-how-of-maximal-instepkick-in-soccer&catid=209%3Asoccer&Itemid=310
Shan G. & Zhang X. (2011). From 2D leg kinematics to 3D full-body
biomechanics-the past, present and future of scientific
analysis of maximal instep kick in soccer. Sports Medicine,
Arthroscopy, Rehabilitation, Therapy and Technology 2011, 3:23.
Retrieved on May 15, 2012, from
http://www.smartjournal.com/content/3/1/23
Narvaez, M. (2012). Teaching the Instep Kick to Beginning Soccer
Players. Retrieved on May 23, 2012,from
http://www.coachesinfo.com/index.php?option=com_content
&view=article&id=365:instep-article&catid=101:generalarticles&Itemid=188