This document outlines learning objectives and outcomes about factors that influence solar insolation and temperature. It discusses how insolation decreases with increasing latitude from the equator to the poles. Other factors like the sun's distance, angle, and day length are covered. The effects of latitude, altitude, and temperature inversions on atmospheric heating are summarized. Examples of temperature inversions trapping pollutants in Mexico City are provided. The homework asks students to study climate graphs for cities at different latitudes.

1. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
 To be able to get knowledge about “Sun” as the main source of
energy
 To be able to analyse the factors responsible for varying rates of
surface insolation

2. LEARNING OUTCOMES
ALL: Students will be able to reason out how the rates of insolation
decreases with latitude from equator to poles.
MOST: Students will be able to differentiate between the patterns of
sun radiations at the equator and at poles
SOME: Students will be able to evaluate and justify the impact of
different factors acting on the climatic condition of the place.

3. Insolation
 Insolation is the solar radiation that reaches the earth's surface.
 Insolation affects temperature. The more the insolation, the higher the
temperature.
 Rates of insolation vary greatly from place to place. The main control is the
latitude.

4. Factors affecting insolation
 Distance between the sun and the earth
 Angle of the Sun
 Duration of the day light

6. Effects of Latitude on Temperature

7.  The Sun's rays travel a short distance through the atmosphere
 Less heat is lost to the atmosphere
 More of the Sun's rays reach the Earth's surface
 Sun's rays pass through a longer
distance in the atmosphere
 More heat is lost in the
atmosphere
 More of the Sun’s rays disperse
Effect of Latitude on Temperature

8. EFFECTS OF ALTITUDE ON TEMPERATURE
 The Earth's surface absorbs most of the heat.
 As, the Earth's surface warms up, the heat diffuses into
the lower layers of the atmosphere and warming it.
 This in turn transfers some of the heat to the upper
layers of the atmosphere.
 The layers of atmosphere closest to the Earth's surface receive
the most heat from the Earth's surface.

11. Temperature Inversion
 Condition in which the temperature of the
atmosphere increases with altitude in contrast to
the normal decrease with altitude.
 When temperature inversion occurs, cold air
underlies warmer air at higher altitudes.
Effects of Temperature Inversion
 An inversion acts like a lid
 This can cause several weather-related effects
 Trapping of pollutants below the inversion which
leads to develop significant amount of smog
 Example: sunsets are very red
 Another effect that an inversion has is to make
clouds just below the inversion

12. Temperature Inversion in Mexico City
Material on word doc
Strategies made in Mexico
http://www.dw.de/fighting-the-smog-in-mexico-city/a-17786567
Home Task
Study climate graphs in atlases for four cities in different latitudes and
relate temperatures to latitude.