The document discusses various innovative technologies, including a driverless bicycle for individuals with disabilities, a life-saving wound sealing device, and a microchip enabling offline access to educational resources. It also covers advancements such as thermoelectric cooling for imaging devices, fuel-cell vehicles providing sustainable transportation, and autonomous drones capable of navigating their environments. These innovations aim to enhance accessibility, medical safety, and efficiency in various sectors.

1. INNOVATION’S
The innovation's are :
 Driver less bicycle
 The life-saving device that can seal a wound in under a minute.
 The "Internet on a microchip".
 Dark powers: thermoelectric cooling
 Fuel-cell vehicles.
 Sense and avoid drones.

2. DRIVERLESS BICYCLE
For people with disabilities, for those who
face trouble while steering or pedalling
bicycles, for the benefit of bicycle sharing
stations, for solving innumerable
environment issues – this driverless
bicycle developed by some students of IIT
Kharagpur is the answer.
This was done to help differently abled
people who could ride bicycles but had to
face many problems when trying to take their bikes out from the parking space, as most such
spaces are not disabled friendly. To tackle this problem they made a bicycle that would be
controlled wirelessly They went on to develop i-Bike – a unique, disabled friendly bicycle that
autonomously rides itself towards any given location. Moreover, one can even ride it manually as
and when required, with the help of its dual locomotion technology. The bicycle uses global
positioning system (GPS) for automatic manoeuvring and responds to the GPS coordinates of the
destination received via SMS with the help of an Android app meant for i-Bike. In order to avoid

3. obstacles in its path, the bike utilises laser and sonar based sensors and uses the data to plan its motion. It has
unique and affordable software architecture, which enables it to follow specialised bicycle lanes (as available in
many countries with well-established bicycle sharing centres) and avoid obstacles. The bicycle is connected to a
wireless telephone network, which provides wireless control and live tracking mechanisms. If, for example, an
arm amputee wants to use i-Bike, all he/she has to do is send an SMS to the bike using the Android app that
has an option – “call the bike to my location.”
The GPS location is saved on a server that is continuously accessed by sensors on the bike. On receiving the
location information, the bike instantly starts moving towards the destination. The rider can then add a new
destination using the app and reach there with the help of autonomous steering.
Reference link:
http://www.thebetterindia.com/48139/
child-prodigy-india-opportunities/

4. LIFE SAVING DEVICE
Oregon startup RevMedX's new device XSTAT 30 is a syringe filled
with tiny, biocompatible sponges, which can be injected into a
deep wound to absorb blood and seal it in less than a minute.
While it's been used on the battlefield since April 2014, it was
recently approved by the FDA for civilian use.
A RevMedx researcher told PBS NewsHour that the sponges
expand up to 15 times their size when they make contact with
blood, which allows them to apply internal pressure to the
Walls of the wound cavity and block blood flow. The sponges would replace a medic's traditional method of
deeply packing a wound with gauze and maintaining pressure.The way it works is simple. Each syringe
contains about 92 compressed sponges coated with absorbent and antimicrobial materials. The sponges are
made from wood pulp, a plant-based material that won't dissolve into the body, and are coated with
chitosan, a material that promotes blood-clotting and is resistant to bacterial infection.
FOR VIDEO REFERENCE : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hkh842bxW54

5. The "Internet on a microchip"
• The WiderNet Project, based at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, developed
the eGranary Pocket Library — a microchip that taps into the power of smartphones,
laptops and tablets to deliver offline information and educational resources to billions of
people without access to the Internet.
• WiderNet has connected with with ministries of education, ministries of health and
schools of information science in various countries, and aims to fill each "library on a
chip" with a few thousand documents that a given institution, such as a medical school in
Zambia, identifies as its core material.
• The project reached its crowdfunding goal in May, and is collaborating with librarians,
educators and volunteers around the world to pinpoint the information needed most.
• The idea isn't to fit 4 terabytes of data on a single chip, but rather to miniaturize the
eGranary's core technology — a few thousand documents that a given institution, such as
a medical school in Zambia, identifies as its core material. These 8GB, 16GB, 32GB and
64GB chips can then be inserted into devices delivered to the developing world.

6. Dark powers: thermoelectric cooling
One problem that plagues all photo sensitive devices is the current that
flows through them even when no photons are entering the device.
Known as “dark current”, it is caused by electrons and holes being
randomly generated in the device that are then swept by the high electric
field.
Dark current is a bigger problem with EMCCD technology than it is for
standard CCDs because the former technique involves amplifying any
electrons – both the photon-generated electrons and the dark electrons
alike.
Cooling the device can, however, reduce the current, and the best way to
do this is to use “thermoelectric coolers” – small, electrically powered
devices with no moving parts that are therefore convenient and reliable. These coolers are essentially heat
pumps, transferring heat from their “cold” side (the CCD) to the “hot” side (the built-in heat sink). Andor has
developed a system of vacuum cooling that creates an unrivalled 110 °C temperature difference between the
two sides – so large that the CCD operates at –80 °C and the dark current is virtually eliminated. The camera’s
performance at these temperatures is far better than at –30 °C, even if the camera is used for very short
exposure times where background events are predominantly from dark current. Deep thermoelectric cooling
also reduces blemishes on the image from “hot pixels” – those that have much higher dark currents than their
neighbours as a result of contamination embedded in the sensor. Fortunately, the effect of hot pixels can usually
be removed by taking a background image.

7. Fuel-cell vehicles.
Fuel-cell vehicles have long promised several major
advantages over those powered by electricity or
hydrocarbons.Unlike batteries, which must be charged from
an external source and can take from five to 12 hours
depending on the car and charger, fuel cells generate
electricity directly, using hydrogen or natural gas. In
practice, fuel cells and batteries are combined, with the
fuel cell generating electricity and the batteries storing it
until demanded by the motors that drive the vehicle. Fuel
-cell vehicles are therefore hybrids and will likely also
deploy regenerative braking, which recovers energy from waste heat, a key capability for maximizing efficiency
and range.Unlike battery-powered electric vehicles, fuel-cell powered ones have a long cruising range—up to 650
kilometers per tank.There are a number of ways to produce hydrogen without generating carbon emissions. Most
obviously, renewable sources of electricity from wind and solar sources can be used to electrolyze water—
although the overall energy efficiency of this process is likely to be quite low.
Mass-market fuel-cell vehicles are an attractive prospect because they will offer the range and fueling
convenience of today’s diesel and gas-powered vehicles while providing the benefits of sustainability in personal
transportation. Achieving these benefits will, however, require the reliable and economical production of
hydrogen from entirely low-carbon sources as well as its distribution to a growing fleet of vehicles, expected to
number in the many millions within a decade.

8. Sense and avoid drones
Flying robots (aka unmanned aerial vehicles, or drones) to
check power lines or deliver emergency aid have become an
important and controversial part of military capacity in recent
years. They are also used in agriculture, for filming and
numerous other applications that require cheap and extensive
aerial surveillance. But so far all these drones have had human
pilots; the difference is that their pilots are on the ground and
fly the aircraft remotely.
The next step with drone technology is to develop machines
that fly themselves, opening them up to a wider range of
applications. For this to happen, drones must be able to sense and respond to their local environments, altering
their height and flying trajectories in order to avoid colliding with other objects in their paths. In nature birds, fish
and insects can all congregate in swarms, each animal responding to its neighbor almost instantaneously to allow
the swarm to fly or swim as a single unit. Drones can emulate this.
Flying vehicles will never be risk-free, whether operated by humans or as intelligent machines. For widespread
adoption, sense-and-avoid drones must be able to operate reliably in the most difficult conditions: at night, in
blizzards or dust storms. Unlike our current digital mobile devices (which are actually immobile because we have to
carry them around), drones will be transformational as they are self-mobile and have the capacity of flying in the
three-dimensional world that is beyond our direct human reach. Once ubiquitous, they will vastly expand our
presence, productivity and human experience.

9. THANK YOU
For any query or want slides on any particular topic:
Email id – slidesforyou@yahoo.com
By : SKS