The document discusses the persistence of social inequality and presents five renewed tenets of injustice: elitism, exclusion, prejudice, greed, and despair. It argues that these injustices are being recreated and supported by powerful groups who believe the tenets are efficient, necessary, natural, good, and inevitable. Examples are given showing how exclusion and the denial of benefits to some groups are actually unnecessary and driven by beliefs that perpetuate inequality.
Injustice: why social inequality persistsDanny Dorling
The document discusses why social inequality persists. It argues that in affluent nations, inequality is no longer caused by a lack of resources but by unrecognized beliefs that propagate it. These beliefs include that elitism is efficient, exclusion is necessary, and prejudice is natural. The document provides historical and statistical evidence to show how these beliefs have led to rising inequality in places like the UK over time through policies that concentrate wealth among a small minority.
Injustice - Why Social Inequality Still PersistsDanny Dorling
Slide deck showing the figures used in the book by Danny Dorling. View further details on the book companion website at http://www.dannydorling.org/books/injustice/
The document provides an overview and analysis of injustice in Britain over the past year since the publication of Danny Dorling's book "Injustice". It discusses how each of the original five arguments from the book have played out or intensified in the past 12 months across areas like education, inequality, prejudice, greed, and mental health. It then considers what is likely to occur in Britain in the near future if current trends of increasing inequality, privatization, and austerity measures continue unchecked, looking at examples from other countries on possible paths Britain could take. The author maintains a hopeful note by also outlining alternative policies from other nations that have been more successful at reducing regional divides and inequality.
Injustice: Why social inequality persistsDanny Dorling
1) The document summarizes Danny Dorling's claim that five new social injustices have replaced the five evils identified by Beveridge in 1942: elitism, exclusion, prejudice, greed, and despair.
2) It argues that social inequalities are now being recreated and supported by these unjust beliefs, and that we need to think differently to address this.
3) The document then provides examples to illustrate how each of the five new social injustices has replaced one of the original five evils through increased inequality in areas like education, employment, housing, and mental health.
The 'Broken' Society: Stigmatising Poverty and Disadvantage? - Gerry MooneyOxfam GB
Dr Gerry Mooney, from the Open University, talks about the stigmatisation of poverty and disadvantage.
Stephen Boyd, Assistant Secretary of the Scottish Trade Unions Congress, talks about how the Scottish economy works.
The Whose Economy? seminars, organised by Oxfam Scotland and the University of the West of Scotland, brought together experts to look at recent changes in the Scottish economy and their impact on Scotland's most vulnerable communities.
Held over winter and spring 2010-11 in Edinburgh, Inverness, Glasgow and Stirling, the series posed the question of what economy is being created in Scotland and, specifically, for whom?
To find out more and view other Whose Economy? papers, presentations and videos visit:
http://www.oxfamblogs.org/ukpovertypost/whose-economy-seminar-series-winter-2010-spring-2011/
A keynote for the 2015 We are Museums Conference in Berlin, Germany.
Museums… why should we care? Much has been written about the changes our culture is experiencing as institutions that once held a place of primary esteem have now somehow become less important than they once were. Museums are at the crux of this change and are wondering how we might preserve and bottle the relevance we hold with our audiences. At the same time, we find that relevance to be changing, ephemeral, and eroding.
How should museums answer these fundamental questions about our impact and why we matter at all? When challenged to defend the public investment and trust that we have stewarded for so many years, are we prepared to give a good account?
In this talk, Rob will expand on his seminal article about museum impact, Museums… So What? and will provide new insights and opportunities for museums to look towards to document and demonstrate actual real impact that museums provide and the tangible benefits museums can bring to their communities.
“Museums… so what?” will follow up on his much discussed article from the CODE|WORDS series on Medium.
https://medium.com/code-words-technology-and-theory-in-the-museum/
1) Darwin's theory of "survival of the fittest" was used to justify slavery and ethnic cleansing throughout history. Slave owners claimed black people were inferior, and countries sterilized or killed citizens deemed imperfect.
2) Hitler took these ideas further by trying to exterminate Jews, claiming they were an impure race. Similar extremism has occurred in other countries targeting various groups.
3) Education systems established by colonizers have contributed to ongoing debt and poverty in former colonies by not adapting curricula to be practical. This has limited growth and perpetuated cycles of domination.
This document discusses diversity and representation in the workplace over time. It argues that while representation of minorities has increased due to factors like globalization and legislation protecting against discrimination, full equality has yet to be achieved. The document provides the example of Sports Direct, which was accused of race discrimination, to show that discrimination can still exist today. Overall the document evaluates both the progress that has been made toward diversity and inclusion, and the areas where biases and inequalities still persist.
Injustice: why social inequality persistsDanny Dorling
The document discusses why social inequality persists. It argues that in affluent nations, inequality is no longer caused by a lack of resources but by unrecognized beliefs that propagate it. These beliefs include that elitism is efficient, exclusion is necessary, and prejudice is natural. The document provides historical and statistical evidence to show how these beliefs have led to rising inequality in places like the UK over time through policies that concentrate wealth among a small minority.
Injustice - Why Social Inequality Still PersistsDanny Dorling
Slide deck showing the figures used in the book by Danny Dorling. View further details on the book companion website at http://www.dannydorling.org/books/injustice/
The document provides an overview and analysis of injustice in Britain over the past year since the publication of Danny Dorling's book "Injustice". It discusses how each of the original five arguments from the book have played out or intensified in the past 12 months across areas like education, inequality, prejudice, greed, and mental health. It then considers what is likely to occur in Britain in the near future if current trends of increasing inequality, privatization, and austerity measures continue unchecked, looking at examples from other countries on possible paths Britain could take. The author maintains a hopeful note by also outlining alternative policies from other nations that have been more successful at reducing regional divides and inequality.
Injustice: Why social inequality persistsDanny Dorling
1) The document summarizes Danny Dorling's claim that five new social injustices have replaced the five evils identified by Beveridge in 1942: elitism, exclusion, prejudice, greed, and despair.
2) It argues that social inequalities are now being recreated and supported by these unjust beliefs, and that we need to think differently to address this.
3) The document then provides examples to illustrate how each of the five new social injustices has replaced one of the original five evils through increased inequality in areas like education, employment, housing, and mental health.
The 'Broken' Society: Stigmatising Poverty and Disadvantage? - Gerry MooneyOxfam GB
Dr Gerry Mooney, from the Open University, talks about the stigmatisation of poverty and disadvantage.
Stephen Boyd, Assistant Secretary of the Scottish Trade Unions Congress, talks about how the Scottish economy works.
The Whose Economy? seminars, organised by Oxfam Scotland and the University of the West of Scotland, brought together experts to look at recent changes in the Scottish economy and their impact on Scotland's most vulnerable communities.
Held over winter and spring 2010-11 in Edinburgh, Inverness, Glasgow and Stirling, the series posed the question of what economy is being created in Scotland and, specifically, for whom?
To find out more and view other Whose Economy? papers, presentations and videos visit:
http://www.oxfamblogs.org/ukpovertypost/whose-economy-seminar-series-winter-2010-spring-2011/
A keynote for the 2015 We are Museums Conference in Berlin, Germany.
Museums… why should we care? Much has been written about the changes our culture is experiencing as institutions that once held a place of primary esteem have now somehow become less important than they once were. Museums are at the crux of this change and are wondering how we might preserve and bottle the relevance we hold with our audiences. At the same time, we find that relevance to be changing, ephemeral, and eroding.
How should museums answer these fundamental questions about our impact and why we matter at all? When challenged to defend the public investment and trust that we have stewarded for so many years, are we prepared to give a good account?
In this talk, Rob will expand on his seminal article about museum impact, Museums… So What? and will provide new insights and opportunities for museums to look towards to document and demonstrate actual real impact that museums provide and the tangible benefits museums can bring to their communities.
“Museums… so what?” will follow up on his much discussed article from the CODE|WORDS series on Medium.
https://medium.com/code-words-technology-and-theory-in-the-museum/
1) Darwin's theory of "survival of the fittest" was used to justify slavery and ethnic cleansing throughout history. Slave owners claimed black people were inferior, and countries sterilized or killed citizens deemed imperfect.
2) Hitler took these ideas further by trying to exterminate Jews, claiming they were an impure race. Similar extremism has occurred in other countries targeting various groups.
3) Education systems established by colonizers have contributed to ongoing debt and poverty in former colonies by not adapting curricula to be practical. This has limited growth and perpetuated cycles of domination.
This document discusses diversity and representation in the workplace over time. It argues that while representation of minorities has increased due to factors like globalization and legislation protecting against discrimination, full equality has yet to be achieved. The document provides the example of Sports Direct, which was accused of race discrimination, to show that discrimination can still exist today. Overall the document evaluates both the progress that has been made toward diversity and inclusion, and the areas where biases and inequalities still persist.
The document discusses how Darwin's theory of "survival of the fittest" has been used to justify slavery and ethnic cleansing. It argues that education systems established during colonialism have contributed to ongoing poverty in third world countries by not adapting curricula to be practical. It also discusses how stereotypical stories of African countries focus on war and poverty, and how education should seek to develop individuals rather than enforce stereotypes.
The document discusses how Charles Dickens addressed various human rights issues concerning children in his novels. It focuses on the character Jo from Bleak House, who represents the neglected children in Victorian society. Jo has no rights or agency as a child living in poverty. The document also discusses how Dickens criticized the lack of protection for children's rights in areas like labor, education, and sexual exploitation. He drew attention to society's responsibility to guarantee basic human rights for all, especially vulnerable groups like children.
The document discusses Joseph Kony and the Kony 2012 campaign. It provides background on Joseph Kony, the leader of the Lord's Resistance Army in Uganda who abducts children and forces them to commit violent acts. It describes the viral Kony 2012 video produced by Invisible Children that aimed to make Kony famous in order to have him arrested by the end of 2012. The document also discusses how the internet and social media helped spread awareness of Kony's crimes and the goal of the campaign.
Storytelling: Just Tall Tales or the Future of Museums?Robert J. Stein
This document discusses the potential role of storytelling in museums. It notes that visitor expectations have changed with the rise of social media and immersive experiences, and that storytelling can help museums address this by communicating in a familiar way, carrying culture and meaning, and building empathy. Storytelling in museums faces challenges like museums' relationship with fiction and lack of tools for transmedia stories, but it could help engage visitors in new ways.
This document discusses the information needs of homeless library patrons. It begins by defining homelessness and providing statistics on the demographics of the homeless population in the United States. It then discusses common information needs of homeless individuals, such as information about finances, health care, housing, and employment. The document also examines tensions between librarians, typical patrons, and homeless patrons. It reviews research methods used to study this topic and recommendations for how libraries can better serve the homeless, such as treating all patrons equally and getting to know the local homeless community.
Global Cities are growing at an amazing place and are changing the ways in which we live, work, play, and relate to each other. The term Smart Cities describes a movement to apply new technological developments towards the development of these cities, but does doing so create a city that we actually want to live in? This presentation will address the role of culture and artists in creating a dynamic "place" and the role that Museums might play in promoting a cultural dialog within their local communities
Danny Dorling is a Professor of Human Geography at the University of Sheffield. He went to various schools in Oxford and to University in Newcastle upon Tyne. He has worked in Newcastle, Bristol, Leeds and New Zealand. With a group of colleagues he helped create the website www.worldmapper.org which shows who has most and least in the world.
He has published with others more than 25 books on issues related to social inequalities and several hundred journal papers. Much of this work is available open access (see www.dannydorling.org). His work concerns issues of housing, health, employment, education and poverty. His recent books include, three co-authored texts: "Identity in Britain:
A cradle-to-grave atlas", "The Atlas of the Real World: Mapping the way we live" and "Bankrupt Britain: an atlas of social change". Recent sole authored books include, "Injustice: why social inequalities persist” in 2010 and "So you think you know about Britain" and “Fair Play”, both in 2011.
In 2008/9 he was a member of the Academic Reference Group advising Ministers on the Social Mobility White Paper. In 2009 he joined the World Health Organization's Scientific Resource Group on Health Equity Analysis and Research and the advisory group of the Equality Trust. He is a Patron of the charity RoadPeace, an Academician of the Academy of the Learned Societies in the Social Sciences and, in 2008, became Honorary President of the Society of Cartographers.
Before a career in academia Danny was employed as a play-worker in children's play-schemes and in pre-school education where the underlying rationale was that playing is learning for living. He tries not to forget this by playing with data surrounding people’s lives and representing the results in new, novel and stark ways which usually reveal the inequality of the lives we each live.
Connecting the Dots: How Digital Methods Become the Glue that Binds Cultural ...Robert J. Stein
The document discusses how digital methods can connect cultural heritage institutions to contemporary society. It notes that 70% of the global population will live in cities by 2050 and that smart cities face challenges in dealing with proliferating information. The document advocates that cultural institutions should focus on using technology to better understand engagement through metrics like repeat visits and diversity. It provides examples from the Dallas Museum of Art of using free admission and membership along with mobile technologies to better measure outcomes.
Reading the Tea Leaves: Global Trends and Opportunities for Tomorrow's MuseumsRobert J. Stein
A presentation to the 2014 Communicating the Museum conference in Sydney, Australia.
As our society becomes increasingly more intertwined, it is evident that global trends that once seemed remote are having a deep impact on our local communities. These same trends play out in museums around the globe as we reflect our communities both past and present. The museum audience is inherently submerged in this current of cultural change. Without pretending to predict the entire future, there are strong signals that a few important global trends will persist. What are those trends and how can museums begin to take advantage of those likely shifts to promote, advocate, and enhance their relevance to a global audience?
The document discusses the issue of cyberbullying among youth. It defines cyberbullying and notes that a 2002 British survey found that 1 in 4 youths between ages 11-19 had been threatened online. While adults are less aware of cyberbullying than traditional bullying, the harassment can be difficult to stop and victims may get in trouble for accessing inappropriate sites. There is debate around how schools, parents, and governments should respond to and take responsibility for preventing cyberbullying.
This chapter outlines the key topics and concepts related to social work that will be covered, including definitions of social work and social welfare, distinguishing characteristics of social work, related fields like sociology and psychology, and how social work addresses problems at the personal, family, and community levels. It introduces two case examples to illustrate how social workers help individuals and address issues like mental health, substance abuse, poverty, and community conflicts. The chapter establishes that social work is focused on helping people through addressing problems caused by interactions and relationships, with the goal of improving quality of life.
Colorblind' Admissions Proccess in Universities KristopherKeach
This document summarizes a thesis submitted by Kristopher Keach examining the 'colorblind' admissions process in universities. It discusses the legacy of slavery and discrimination against minorities in the US education system. It describes how affirmative action was implemented in the 1940s-1960s to address this, though it faced resistance and was dismantled in California. It argues that a truly colorblind admissions system is impossible, as factors like an applicant's name and address can reveal their race, and implicit biases cannot be avoided. Studies have shown affirmative action remains the most effective way to promote equal access to education following centuries of racial inequalities.
The document discusses the differences in how poverty is perceived and addressed in England versus Canada based on the experiences of the author's aunt. [1] In England, those in poverty are still respected as people, while in Canada the author's aunt felt a loss of dignity in the welfare system. [2] The author's aunt observed that England has a more social understanding of poverty due to its history of scarcity and class divisions, while Canada was founded on abundance but still clings to the flawed idea that poverty is a result of lack of individual effort. [3] Going forward, both London and Toronto will face challenges in balancing economic growth with policies that improve social inclusion and housing to address poverty.
This document discusses how museums can use data and digital platforms to increase engagement. It describes the Dallas Museum of Art's "Friends" free membership program, which collects data on participation. The data shows differences in demographics and participation across Dallas zip codes. This indicates museums can use digital tools to better understand their audiences and create more inclusive experiences. The document advocates exploring a national digital network to connect museums and drive engagement.
This document discusses diversity and representation in the workplace. It argues that while representation of minorities has improved over time, issues of discrimination still exist today. For example, a case study of Sports Direct is presented that showed the company prohibiting languages other than English and facing accusations of race discrimination. However, globalization and social movements have also helped increase acceptance and opportunities for diverse groups. Overall the document evaluates both the progress that has been made and the continued need for improvement in attitudes and equal treatment in the labor force.
American Ways-ACulturalGuideToTheUnitedStatesMaureen Rabbitt
This document provides an overview and table of contents for the third edition of the cultural guide "American Ways" by Gary Althen. Some key points:
- The introduction notes how American culture has both changed and remained the same since the first edition in 1988 and the second edition in 2003, with developments like 9/11 and increasing diversity.
- The book is divided into three parts: general ideas about American culture, specific aspects of American life, and coping with cultural differences.
- Chapters cover topics like values, communication styles, politics, family, education, religion, media, relationships, and business.
- The conclusion discusses whether the US is facing breakdown or will adapt through resilience and problem
An310 cultural anthropology exam 8 answers (ashworth college)linkingllive
This document contains 20 multiple choice questions from an exam for AN310 Cultural Anthropology from Ashworth College. The questions cover topics like indigenous populations worldwide, challenges faced by women vendors in Mexico, ethnic groups in Nigeria, structural adjustment programs of the World Bank, case studies of providing services to pastoralists in Africa, an Ogoni martyr in Nigeria, addressing domestic violence and women's issues in Kazakhstan, the male bias in development planning, improving cultural fit in reforestation projects in Haiti, distributional development versus trickle-down economics, approaches like human development used by the UN, issues surrounding Palestinian refugees, Canada's newest province of Nunavut, the modernization model of change, phases of the project
The document discusses issues related to the representation of women in media. It provides examples of research showing that exposure to mainstream media promoting thin ideals negatively impacts girls' body image and can increase rates of disordered eating. Symbolic annihilation refers to the absence, condemnation, or trivialization of groups in media, which can contribute to their social disempowerment. While some argue that feminism is no longer needed, the document questions this claim and suggests that sexist portrayals of women in advertising and pop culture continue to undermine gender equality.
1) The definition and structure of "family" has changed significantly over time due to social constructionism and historical events like the Industrial Revolution.
2) Before the Industrial Revolution, families were economic units focused on survival rather than emotional bonds. Childhood was not sentimentalized and children worked to support the family from a young age.
3) The Industrial Revolution caused families to restructure around gender roles, with men working outside the home and women focused on domestic duties. It also led to viewing the home and childhood differently.
1) Inactivity is a major cause of obesity, as studies have shown fat and calorie intake declining since the 1970s while cars per household and TV viewing have increased. Walking has become less common with easier transportation options.
2) The article discusses strategies for staying active in an urban environment, including case studies of cities like Portland that encourage walking and biking through urban planning. Tricks for walking more quickly in a city are also provided.
3) Bodies of water can provide pleasant walking paths that help connect people to the environment and motivate longer walks.
The kind of society we live in is said to effect who we are and what happens to us, helping even to determine how long on average we live. In this talk I'll make the case for the importance of inequalities and present some results comparing different countries. I'll talk quite a lot about health, but I think all these issues are closely connected. I'll end by mentioning racism and the theory that it is something akin to racism that divides us most deeply.
The document discusses how Darwin's theory of "survival of the fittest" has been used to justify slavery and ethnic cleansing. It argues that education systems established during colonialism have contributed to ongoing poverty in third world countries by not adapting curricula to be practical. It also discusses how stereotypical stories of African countries focus on war and poverty, and how education should seek to develop individuals rather than enforce stereotypes.
The document discusses how Charles Dickens addressed various human rights issues concerning children in his novels. It focuses on the character Jo from Bleak House, who represents the neglected children in Victorian society. Jo has no rights or agency as a child living in poverty. The document also discusses how Dickens criticized the lack of protection for children's rights in areas like labor, education, and sexual exploitation. He drew attention to society's responsibility to guarantee basic human rights for all, especially vulnerable groups like children.
The document discusses Joseph Kony and the Kony 2012 campaign. It provides background on Joseph Kony, the leader of the Lord's Resistance Army in Uganda who abducts children and forces them to commit violent acts. It describes the viral Kony 2012 video produced by Invisible Children that aimed to make Kony famous in order to have him arrested by the end of 2012. The document also discusses how the internet and social media helped spread awareness of Kony's crimes and the goal of the campaign.
Storytelling: Just Tall Tales or the Future of Museums?Robert J. Stein
This document discusses the potential role of storytelling in museums. It notes that visitor expectations have changed with the rise of social media and immersive experiences, and that storytelling can help museums address this by communicating in a familiar way, carrying culture and meaning, and building empathy. Storytelling in museums faces challenges like museums' relationship with fiction and lack of tools for transmedia stories, but it could help engage visitors in new ways.
This document discusses the information needs of homeless library patrons. It begins by defining homelessness and providing statistics on the demographics of the homeless population in the United States. It then discusses common information needs of homeless individuals, such as information about finances, health care, housing, and employment. The document also examines tensions between librarians, typical patrons, and homeless patrons. It reviews research methods used to study this topic and recommendations for how libraries can better serve the homeless, such as treating all patrons equally and getting to know the local homeless community.
Global Cities are growing at an amazing place and are changing the ways in which we live, work, play, and relate to each other. The term Smart Cities describes a movement to apply new technological developments towards the development of these cities, but does doing so create a city that we actually want to live in? This presentation will address the role of culture and artists in creating a dynamic "place" and the role that Museums might play in promoting a cultural dialog within their local communities
Danny Dorling is a Professor of Human Geography at the University of Sheffield. He went to various schools in Oxford and to University in Newcastle upon Tyne. He has worked in Newcastle, Bristol, Leeds and New Zealand. With a group of colleagues he helped create the website www.worldmapper.org which shows who has most and least in the world.
He has published with others more than 25 books on issues related to social inequalities and several hundred journal papers. Much of this work is available open access (see www.dannydorling.org). His work concerns issues of housing, health, employment, education and poverty. His recent books include, three co-authored texts: "Identity in Britain:
A cradle-to-grave atlas", "The Atlas of the Real World: Mapping the way we live" and "Bankrupt Britain: an atlas of social change". Recent sole authored books include, "Injustice: why social inequalities persist” in 2010 and "So you think you know about Britain" and “Fair Play”, both in 2011.
In 2008/9 he was a member of the Academic Reference Group advising Ministers on the Social Mobility White Paper. In 2009 he joined the World Health Organization's Scientific Resource Group on Health Equity Analysis and Research and the advisory group of the Equality Trust. He is a Patron of the charity RoadPeace, an Academician of the Academy of the Learned Societies in the Social Sciences and, in 2008, became Honorary President of the Society of Cartographers.
Before a career in academia Danny was employed as a play-worker in children's play-schemes and in pre-school education where the underlying rationale was that playing is learning for living. He tries not to forget this by playing with data surrounding people’s lives and representing the results in new, novel and stark ways which usually reveal the inequality of the lives we each live.
Connecting the Dots: How Digital Methods Become the Glue that Binds Cultural ...Robert J. Stein
The document discusses how digital methods can connect cultural heritage institutions to contemporary society. It notes that 70% of the global population will live in cities by 2050 and that smart cities face challenges in dealing with proliferating information. The document advocates that cultural institutions should focus on using technology to better understand engagement through metrics like repeat visits and diversity. It provides examples from the Dallas Museum of Art of using free admission and membership along with mobile technologies to better measure outcomes.
Reading the Tea Leaves: Global Trends and Opportunities for Tomorrow's MuseumsRobert J. Stein
A presentation to the 2014 Communicating the Museum conference in Sydney, Australia.
As our society becomes increasingly more intertwined, it is evident that global trends that once seemed remote are having a deep impact on our local communities. These same trends play out in museums around the globe as we reflect our communities both past and present. The museum audience is inherently submerged in this current of cultural change. Without pretending to predict the entire future, there are strong signals that a few important global trends will persist. What are those trends and how can museums begin to take advantage of those likely shifts to promote, advocate, and enhance their relevance to a global audience?
The document discusses the issue of cyberbullying among youth. It defines cyberbullying and notes that a 2002 British survey found that 1 in 4 youths between ages 11-19 had been threatened online. While adults are less aware of cyberbullying than traditional bullying, the harassment can be difficult to stop and victims may get in trouble for accessing inappropriate sites. There is debate around how schools, parents, and governments should respond to and take responsibility for preventing cyberbullying.
This chapter outlines the key topics and concepts related to social work that will be covered, including definitions of social work and social welfare, distinguishing characteristics of social work, related fields like sociology and psychology, and how social work addresses problems at the personal, family, and community levels. It introduces two case examples to illustrate how social workers help individuals and address issues like mental health, substance abuse, poverty, and community conflicts. The chapter establishes that social work is focused on helping people through addressing problems caused by interactions and relationships, with the goal of improving quality of life.
Colorblind' Admissions Proccess in Universities KristopherKeach
This document summarizes a thesis submitted by Kristopher Keach examining the 'colorblind' admissions process in universities. It discusses the legacy of slavery and discrimination against minorities in the US education system. It describes how affirmative action was implemented in the 1940s-1960s to address this, though it faced resistance and was dismantled in California. It argues that a truly colorblind admissions system is impossible, as factors like an applicant's name and address can reveal their race, and implicit biases cannot be avoided. Studies have shown affirmative action remains the most effective way to promote equal access to education following centuries of racial inequalities.
The document discusses the differences in how poverty is perceived and addressed in England versus Canada based on the experiences of the author's aunt. [1] In England, those in poverty are still respected as people, while in Canada the author's aunt felt a loss of dignity in the welfare system. [2] The author's aunt observed that England has a more social understanding of poverty due to its history of scarcity and class divisions, while Canada was founded on abundance but still clings to the flawed idea that poverty is a result of lack of individual effort. [3] Going forward, both London and Toronto will face challenges in balancing economic growth with policies that improve social inclusion and housing to address poverty.
This document discusses how museums can use data and digital platforms to increase engagement. It describes the Dallas Museum of Art's "Friends" free membership program, which collects data on participation. The data shows differences in demographics and participation across Dallas zip codes. This indicates museums can use digital tools to better understand their audiences and create more inclusive experiences. The document advocates exploring a national digital network to connect museums and drive engagement.
This document discusses diversity and representation in the workplace. It argues that while representation of minorities has improved over time, issues of discrimination still exist today. For example, a case study of Sports Direct is presented that showed the company prohibiting languages other than English and facing accusations of race discrimination. However, globalization and social movements have also helped increase acceptance and opportunities for diverse groups. Overall the document evaluates both the progress that has been made and the continued need for improvement in attitudes and equal treatment in the labor force.
American Ways-ACulturalGuideToTheUnitedStatesMaureen Rabbitt
This document provides an overview and table of contents for the third edition of the cultural guide "American Ways" by Gary Althen. Some key points:
- The introduction notes how American culture has both changed and remained the same since the first edition in 1988 and the second edition in 2003, with developments like 9/11 and increasing diversity.
- The book is divided into three parts: general ideas about American culture, specific aspects of American life, and coping with cultural differences.
- Chapters cover topics like values, communication styles, politics, family, education, religion, media, relationships, and business.
- The conclusion discusses whether the US is facing breakdown or will adapt through resilience and problem
An310 cultural anthropology exam 8 answers (ashworth college)linkingllive
This document contains 20 multiple choice questions from an exam for AN310 Cultural Anthropology from Ashworth College. The questions cover topics like indigenous populations worldwide, challenges faced by women vendors in Mexico, ethnic groups in Nigeria, structural adjustment programs of the World Bank, case studies of providing services to pastoralists in Africa, an Ogoni martyr in Nigeria, addressing domestic violence and women's issues in Kazakhstan, the male bias in development planning, improving cultural fit in reforestation projects in Haiti, distributional development versus trickle-down economics, approaches like human development used by the UN, issues surrounding Palestinian refugees, Canada's newest province of Nunavut, the modernization model of change, phases of the project
The document discusses issues related to the representation of women in media. It provides examples of research showing that exposure to mainstream media promoting thin ideals negatively impacts girls' body image and can increase rates of disordered eating. Symbolic annihilation refers to the absence, condemnation, or trivialization of groups in media, which can contribute to their social disempowerment. While some argue that feminism is no longer needed, the document questions this claim and suggests that sexist portrayals of women in advertising and pop culture continue to undermine gender equality.
1) The definition and structure of "family" has changed significantly over time due to social constructionism and historical events like the Industrial Revolution.
2) Before the Industrial Revolution, families were economic units focused on survival rather than emotional bonds. Childhood was not sentimentalized and children worked to support the family from a young age.
3) The Industrial Revolution caused families to restructure around gender roles, with men working outside the home and women focused on domestic duties. It also led to viewing the home and childhood differently.
1) Inactivity is a major cause of obesity, as studies have shown fat and calorie intake declining since the 1970s while cars per household and TV viewing have increased. Walking has become less common with easier transportation options.
2) The article discusses strategies for staying active in an urban environment, including case studies of cities like Portland that encourage walking and biking through urban planning. Tricks for walking more quickly in a city are also provided.
3) Bodies of water can provide pleasant walking paths that help connect people to the environment and motivate longer walks.
The kind of society we live in is said to effect who we are and what happens to us, helping even to determine how long on average we live. In this talk I'll make the case for the importance of inequalities and present some results comparing different countries. I'll talk quite a lot about health, but I think all these issues are closely connected. I'll end by mentioning racism and the theory that it is something akin to racism that divides us most deeply.
This document discusses various ways to raise awareness and fight poverty through information, activism, and participation of famous artists. It explores organizations like Unicef and their use of images to convey important messages about issues like lack of access to clean water. It also discusses the "We are the World" effort and video that aimed to sensitize people to poverty through song and celebrity participation. Statistics are presented about the staggering impact and prevalence of poverty around the world, especially for children. Nelson Mandela is featured in a speech emphasizing unity and collective action against poverty.
The document discusses several key points about poverty:
1) It provides definitions of poverty from the Irish Government and the UN, describing it as not having enough resources to participate in normal societal activities or have an acceptable standard of living.
2) Factors that increase the risk of poverty are discussed, including living in a disadvantaged community or area with few jobs.
3) The negative effects of poverty are outlined, such as lower education levels, unemployment, hunger, and higher infant mortality rates in developing countries. Debt is also identified as a severe problem for poor nations.
The document is a cartoon from 1909 criticizing wealthy "plutocrats" through the figure of Lloyd George. It depicts Lloyd George as a giant saying he will "grind [plutocrats'] bones to make my bread", suggesting he will heavily tax the rich to fund his welfare reforms. The summary provides essential context on Lloyd George's role in changing policy as Chancellor in 1908 to introduce a welfare state, meaning the rich had to pay more taxes, which was the satirical message of the cartoon.
Poverty is a complex issue with no single agreed upon definition. While definitions aim to set boundaries, they are also limited and subject to criticism. Traditionally, poverty was defined by a single dimension like income or consumption, but modern definitions take a multidimensional approach considering factors like health, education and standard of living. Amartya Sen's capability approach is influential, defining poverty not just as lack of income but lack of ability to live a minimally good life. Overall, accurately defining and measuring poverty remains an ongoing debate with important implications for policymaking.
This document discusses the causes and outcomes of poverty. It defines poverty as lacking access to basic resources like shelter, food, healthcare, education, and employment. Poverty has many complex causes, including lack of access to resources, education, healthcare, employment opportunities, and political instability. The outcomes of poverty include increased vulnerability, poor health, lack of development and education in children, and intergenerational poverty as impoverished parents struggle to provide for their children. Overall, the document examines poverty as a multidimensional issue with many interrelated causes and long-lasting outcomes.
This document seeks to debunk 3 myths that block progress for the poor. The first myth discussed is that poor countries are doomed to stay poor. The document provides evidence against this myth by showing that incomes have risen significantly in many countries over the past 50 years through statistics, graphs, and before/after photos. It argues the world is no longer separated into rich and poor countries, as over half the world's population now lives in middle-income countries. While extreme poverty still exists, the percentage of very poor people has dropped by more than half since 1990, demonstrating that poor countries are not doomed to remain poor and have shown significant development and economic growth.
Singer, P. (2009). Americas shame. The Chronicle of Higher Educ.docxmaoanderton
Singer, P. (2009). America's shame. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 55(27), B6-B10. Retrieved from https://login.libproxy.edmc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com.libproxy.edmc.edu/docview/214643086?accountid=34899
Reducing the number of people living in extreme poverty throughout the world is clearly one of the great moral challenges of our time. Although the issue is by no means absent from what we study and teach, as educators in the United States we appear to be falling short in the task of ensuring that our students are adequately informed about world poverty, its consequences, and the ways in which it can be reduced. Is it possible that some of the reluctance to deal with the topic stems from the fact that it may have uncomfortable conclusions for our own lives?
If we take seriously the idea that the value of a human life does not diminish when we cross national boundaries, then we ought to be giving a much higher priority to reducing world poverty. I have in mind a broad re-envisioning of what we teach.
We should not limit so important a topic to specialized courses on international development (valuable as they are). The issue should be prominent in anthropology, cultural studies, economics, ethics and sociology. In political-science courses, we should ask why we pay so little attention to people living in poverty outside our borders. Psychology courses could take up the factors that limit our willingness to give to distant strangers. Engineers might increase the amount of class time they devote to how their skills can be applied to assist the world's poorest people. Medical schools could focus more on the global burden of disease and how it might be reduced, and law students should be prompted to think about an international legal regime that allows American oil companies to buy oil from dictators who pocket most of the proceeds. Programs could also be produced to help to educate the broader public.
Nor should we shy away from reconsidering our emphasis on teaching in fields that have timeless artistic and cultural value. It is legitimate to ask: In a situation in which more people die each year from poverty-related causes than died in any one year during World War II, how much should we be spending on the refinement of our artistic sensitivities and those of our students?
I began to think about our obligations to the poor in 1971, when I was a graduate student in philosophy at the University of Oxford. A few years earlier, such a question would not have been considered one for philosophers to discuss. The prevailing view then was that the business of philosophy was to analyze the meanings of words. The linguistic analysis that preoccupied philosophers was supposed to be ethically neutral. We would discuss whether the statement "You ought to return the book you borrowed" expressed an attitude or stated a fact, but not whether it was always obligatory to return a borrowed book -- let alone to give to the poor.
The student mo.
The speaker argues against four common myths about social mobility in the UK:
1. That the UK has a serious social mobility problem, when evidence shows over half of Britons end up in a different social class than their parents and mobility rates are average compared to other countries.
2. That social mobility has been declining, when studies find no difference in mobility rates between older and younger birth cohorts.
3. That social class trumps individual ability, when research shows academic ability accounts for 17% of outcomes while class accounts for just 3%.
4. That more education reform is needed to boost mobility, even though 50 years of reform has not shifted mobility rates and proposed targets may undermine meritocracy.
POVERTY AND THEORIES USED TO EXPLAIN POVERTYDevine Espante
This document discusses different aspects and definitions of poverty. It begins by defining poverty as a lack of financial resources to meet basic needs. The World Bank further describes poverty as lacking access to food, shelter, healthcare, education, jobs and security. Global poverty lines are mentioned as measuring those living below $1.90, $3.20 and $5.50 per day. Statistics on global poverty rates and the countries with the most extreme poverty are provided. The document also discusses different types of poverty including situational, generational, absolute, relative, urban and rural poverty. Finally, it briefly outlines some major theories for explaining poverty, such as classical, neoclassical, Keynesian, and Marxian approaches.
Wealth distribution has to be as equitable as possible to embrace .docxcelenarouzie
Wealth distribution has to be as equitable as possible to embrace regional balance in the country. Equal distribution of wealth starts with ensuring equal opportunities politically, socially and economically to all people in the society regardless of their socioeconomic status, gender, or disabilities among other discriminative factors. In this regard, the even distribution of wealth also ensures equal growth and development of a country because of the uniform improvement of the citizens’ living standards across the nation. Irrespective of all these advantages, there are still many gaps in the distribution of opportunities; hence, affluence in America and across the world at large.
There are various ways of determining the wealth of people. Nonetheless, in the US, the main method focuses on the wages or salaries and the total possessions of the people (Domhoff, 2005). In this respect, many factors affect salaries and wages, as well as personal properties of the people, which in turn, affect the distribution of wealth of the citizens in the nation. Meanwhile, salaries and wages (incomes) are among the major factors that influence wealth distribution of people across the world.
Peoples' income influences wealth distribution because it dictates the property's acquisition potential of individuals. Citizens with high incomes can purchase expensive things and as much as they want; hence, they are rich, as opposed to the low earning people. In most societies, the rich reside in high standard states and towns with slams and other low standard residences left for the poor (Domhoff, 2005). It is in this regard that the high standard residences are growing and developing with improved services and goods at the expense of the rest of the region. If we have to develop the other regions as well, we will have to better the incomes of their residents through better economic opportunities. The wealth of people within a country can change depending on the changes occurring in the levels of their income regardless of where they are living (Domhoff, 2005).
Government policies also dictate wealth and its distribution. Good examples are the money-related policies. The US government, for example, controls the supply of cash to guarantee its currency value strength (Krugman, 2014). Effective policies encourage a country’s financial development and security and lower the joblessness not in some parts of the country but all of them. Furthermore, when a nation is able to keep the value of its currency high and strong, it presents an equal platform for all of its citizens—men and women, old and young and other groups— to earn well and raise their living standard so that they are all capable of accumulating wealth.
Age is another factor that affects wealth distribution in the US. There is a huge gap in terms of wealth between the young adults and the elderly. Stats show that the vast of the riches in the US belongs to the retired citizens with the number soaring sig.
Text· Crapo, R. H. (2013). Cultural anthropology [Electronic v.docxmehek4
Text
· Crapo, R. H. (2013). Cultural anthropology [Electronic version]. Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu/
· Chapter 9: The economic System
· Chapter 10: Cultural Change, Globalization, and the Contemporary World
Multimedia
· Rice, R. (Writer), & Meehan, R. (Director). (2004). Guatemala: The human price of coffee [Television series episode]. In P. King (Executive producer), Fighting the tide: Developing nations and globalizations. Retrieved from https://fod.infobase.com/OnDemandEmbed.aspx?token=34472&wID=100753&plt=FOD&loid=0&w=420&h=315&fWidth=440&fHeight=365
· The full version of this video is available through the Films on Demand database in the Ashford University Library. This video shows the impact of globalization on a small coffee farmer in Guatemala. This video has closed captioning and a transcript. This video may assist you in your Feminization of Poverty or Consumption and Globalization discussion this week.
Recommended Resources
Article
· Buvinić, M. (1997). Women in poverty: A new global underclass. Foreign Policy, 108, 38-53. doi:10.2307/1149088
· The full-text version of this article is available through the ProQuest host database in the Ashford University Library. In this article, Buvinic looks at the social and economic changes that are pushing more and more women into low paying jobs in agriculture, industry, and the services, and widening the global income gap between men and women. This video may assist you in your Feminization of Poverty or Consumption and Globalization discussion this week.
· Reinecke, G. (2006). Is globalization good for workers? Definitions and evidence from Latin America. International Labor and Working Class History, 70(1), 11-34. doi:10.1017/S0147547906000147
· The full-text version of this article is available through the JSTOR host database in the Ashford University Library. In this article, Reinecke discusses how globalization can benefit or harm workers in Latin America. This video may assist you in your Feminization of Poverty or Consumption and Globalization discussion this week.
Multimedia
· Cohen, J. (Producer). (2006.) The gender puzzle [Video file]. Retrieved from https://fod.infobase.com/OnDemandEmbed.aspx?token=35637&wID=100753&plt=FOD&loid=0&w=640&h=480&fWidth=660&fHeight=530
· The full version of this video is available through the Films on Demand database in the Ashford University Library. This film explores the scientific research behind issues of gender. This video has closed captioning and a transcript. This video may assist you in your Feminization of Poverty or Consumption and Globalization discussion this week.
· Romin, J., Arnstad, H., Lennartsson, J., & Lilja, V. (Producers & Directors). (2009). Economic gaps [Series episode]. In J. Romin (Executive producer), Globalization: A real-world view. Retrieved from https://secure.films.com/OnDemandEmbed.aspx?token=47500&aid=18596&plt=FOD&loid=0&w=400&h=340
· The full version of this video is available through the ...
Ten reasons why migrants are not the problemDanny Dorling
1. Migrants are not the cause of housing shortages in the UK. There is enough housing overall, but it is poorly distributed due to inequality. Recent migrants tend to live in poorer quality, overcrowded housing.
2. The NHS relies heavily on migrant workers. Without migrant staff, the health system would struggle to function. Recent policies have made healthcare access more difficult for some migrants.
3. Schools in Britain are generally becoming less segregated over time as neighborhoods integrate. However, inequality is causing more segregation based on wealth, as "better" schools are inaccessible to low-income families. Overall diversity in schools is a positive thing.
Similar to Injustice: Why social inequality persists (17)
This document contains 14 figures from the book "Peak Inequality: Britain's ticking time bomb" by Danny Dorling. The figures show trends in topics like infant mortality rates, EU referendum voting patterns, UK general elections, housing prices, income inequality, and reasons for homelessness in Britain from 2008 to 2020. The figures are accompanied by source information and brief captions.
Social Inequalities
Big Data, Small Area symposium to celebrate 30 years of the Small Area Health Statistics Unit (SAHSU)
Danny Dorling
November 15th 2017
A talk based on a short book written with Carl Lee
Maps by Benjamin Hennig
Danny Dorling
University of Oxford, School of Geography & Environment
November 8th, 2017
Another World is Inevitable: Mapping UK General ElectionsDanny Dorling
This lecture by Professor Danny Dorling (held at the British Library 28 Nov 2016) is about how British general elections have been mapped in the past, but with a concentration on the very recent past and especially in 2015. There will also be speculation about what the future may hold, not just in terms of new political mapping techniques but in the much wider range of possible electoral outcomes we should consider as being plausible. Rather like meteorologists, political scientists have a tendency to use recent events to predict the political weather. However, if and when the climate changes, what was once thought to be impossible becomes reality. From choosing which colours to use to depict a growing range of parties on the map, through to how we might depict uncertainly in our predictions, we have choices to make. Danny will ask how ready we are to entertain the possibility of rapid change. Eventually everything always changes. At some times change comes quickly.
- See more at: https://www.bl.uk/events/another-world-is-inevitable-mapping-uk-general-elections
The EU - Should we stay or should we go?Danny Dorling
This document discusses several issues related to the UK's membership in the EU. It notes that inequality is higher in the UK than other EU countries. It also discusses polarization in the UK, differences in health and education outcomes compared to other developed nations, and issues related to the UK's declining global power and changing national identity. Overall, it argues that leaving the EU will not necessarily solve the UK's problems and that the EU is not responsible for many domestic issues like inequality and underfunding of healthcare.
The Geography of our Future: Understanding the consequences of the AnthropoceneDanny Dorling
This document discusses the concept of the Anthropocene and how humans have become a dominant geological force impacting the Earth. It outlines 5 potential stages of the Anthropocene from early agriculture to the current Great Acceleration period, noting key events like the Columbian Exchange and Industrial Revolutions that drove major environmental changes. While some impacts were small prior to the 1800s, the document argues that the scale of human influences has grown enormously in recent centuries through population growth, consumption, and the rise of neoliberal capitalism. It questions whether future trends could lead to severe environmental consequences like a 4°C rise in temperatures, and explores potential pathways to a more equitable and sustainable future geography.
Theories of Potential and the Creation of InequalityDanny Dorling
This document discusses theories of potential and how inequality is created. It touches on several topics:
- How individual characteristics like looks, sex, height can affect snap judgments and influence potential but societal factors matter most.
- Potential is influenced by many factors from early life through adulthood, including family circumstances, where one lives, and access to opportunities like internships.
- While some argue only a few have great potential, the document argues potential is collective and not realizing everyone's potential perpetuates inequality. Genes may provide small advantages but no "super genes"; environment and society are larger influences on one's path in life.
Slides from a talk by Danny Dorling at the Oxford Empathy Festival, Blackwell’s Bookshop, Oxford, June 8th 2015. See more information at http://www.dannydorling.org/?p=4742
Accompanying slides for the book "The Population of the UK" by Danny Dorling, Cartography by Benjamin Hennig, published by Sage (2012)
http://www.uk.sagepub.com/books/Book238949
Accompanying slides for the book "The Population of the UK" by Danny Dorling, Cartography by Benjamin Hennig, published by Sage (2012)
http://www.uk.sagepub.com/books/Book238949
This document discusses trends in employment in the United Kingdom from 1991-2000 based on census data. It shows that there was a decline in manufacturing jobs and a rise in finance sector employment, contributing to a polarization of industries. Additionally, it found an increase in both high-paid professional occupations and low-paid elementary jobs, further segmenting society. A key trend was a rise in dual-income households and declining numbers of people who are permanently sick or disabled.
Accompanying slides for the book "The Population of the UK" by Danny Dorling, Cartography by Benjamin Hennig, published by Sage (2012)
http://www.uk.sagepub.com/books/Book238949
Accompanying slides for the book "The Population of the UK" by Danny Dorling, Cartography by Benjamin Hennig, published by Sage (2012)
http://www.uk.sagepub.com/books/Book238949
Accompanying slides for the book "The Population of the UK" by Danny Dorling, Cartography by Benjamin Hennig, published by Sage (2012)
http://www.uk.sagepub.com/books/Book238949
Accompanying slides for the book "The Population of the UK" by Danny Dorling, Cartography by Benjamin Hennig, published by Sage (2012)
http://www.uk.sagepub.com/books/Book238949
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
The chapter Lifelines of National Economy in Class 10 Geography focuses on the various modes of transportation and communication that play a vital role in the economic development of a country. These lifelines are crucial for the movement of goods, services, and people, thereby connecting different regions and promoting economic activities.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.ppt
Injustice: Why social inequality persists
1. Watch the multimedia version of this presentation including video at
http://sasi.group.shef.ac.uk/presentations/
MARXISM 2010, London July 5th
Injustice:
Why social inequality persists
The claim: the five social evils identified by Beveridge in 1942 are gradually being
eradicated, they are being replaced by five new tenets of injustice -
elitism, exclusion, prejudice, greed and despair. [but we should think back, so I
have included a few pictures from the past in this talk]
Social injustices are now being recreated, renewed and supported by these five
new sets of unjust beliefs. We need to again begin to think differently, as some of
the ruling class last did in the 1920s and 1930s. This time will be different. Now -
far more than battles over resources - it is arguments over ideas which
perpetuate inequality, because in rich countries we have enough for all.
Danny Dorling
University of Sheffield - http://www.sasi.group.shef.ac.uk/injustice/
2. Five renewed tenets of Frank Horrabin‘s cartoons
(Staff Artist Sheffield
Injustice (renewed from the 1920s) Telegraph, 1906, London
Newspapers from 1911.
The five tenets of injustice are that: Example from the 1920s:
elitism is efficient, exclusion is
necessary, prejudice is natural,
greed is good and despair is
inevitable. Because of
widespread and growing
opposition to the five key unjust
beliefs, including the belief that
so many should now be ‗losers‘,
most of those advocating
injustice are careful with their
words. But those who believe in
these tenets are the majority in Hepple, L. W. (1999). "Socialist
Geography in England: J. F. Horrabin
power across almost all rich and a Workers' Economic and Political
countries. Geography." Antipode 31(1): 80-109.
3. Renewed Lies of Our
World maps of those on the
Times (renewed between 1950s-90s) lowest and highest incomes
living on under 1$ a day:
Although many of those who are
powerful may want to make the
conditions of life a little less painful
for others, they do not believe that
there is a cure for modern social
ills, or even that a few inequalities
…over 200$ a day:
can be much alleviated. Rather,
they believe that just a few
children are sufficiently able to be
fully educated and only a few of
those are then able to govern; the
rest must be led. They believe that
the poor will always be with us no source: www.worldmapper.org
See Dorling, D. and Pritchard J., 2010, The Geography
matter how rich we are… It is their of Poverty, Inequality and Wealth in the UK and abroad:
because enough is never enough, ASAP Journal.
beliefs that uphold injustice
4. Emrys Hughes MP (46-66), 1932:
Labourservatives?
http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/datablog/2010/jun/22/budget
-2010-osborne-key-words# from 2010 and, from 1932:
http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/services/library/mrc/images/chaos
5. City of Sheffield – Age 18-21
1. From ignorance… destinations of 15 year olds
2001-2007
In 1942 illiteracy was Orange = mostly full-time work
widespread and Pink = new university ( away)
numeracy was even Red = pre 1992, ‗old‘ university
worse. James Flynn has
shown how much we have
improved since (see his book
‗What is Intelligence‘, 2007)
However, educational Hallam
apartheid in the UK has risen Constituency
(Nick Clegg‘s)
as the majority of additional
A Tale of Two Cities: The Sheffield
qualifications in recent Project (University of Sheffield 2009)
decades have been awarded http://sasi.group.shef.ac.uk/research/
to a minority of young adults sheffield/
6. City of Sheffield – Age 18-21
…to elitism destinations of 15 year olds –
Second most likely destination
A seventh of children in 2001-2007
affluent countries are now Pink = new university ( away)
routinely described as Red = pre 1992, ‗old‘ university
Yellow = apprenticeship
―found limited or simple Green = unemployed
at learning‖ by the OECD
Many now again believe that
the ‗ability‘ of children is
distributed along a bell-curve Hillsborough
with little chance for most of Brightside
rising much above their set
Attercliffe
potential Central
This elitism is erroneously Heeley
seen as being somehow
efficient
7. elitism is efficient – because some are
strong and some are weak?
―…every new school acquiring
academy freedoms will be
expected to support at least Is this man ―the
one faltering or coasting strong‖ or ―the
weak‖? Does he
school to improve. We are
need liberating?
liberating the strong to help
the weak - a key principle
behind the coalition
Government‖ (Gove, Hansard 21/6/2010)
Is this helpful or patronising?
Picture credit: Michael Gove, Secretary of State
for Education, 8 May 2010 by Paul Clarke
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Michael_Gove.jpg
8. Sources include:
GDP 1929-2009
http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/datablog/200
9/nov/25/gdp-uk-1948-growth-economy
1955 2009
9. 2. From want …
In 1942, for the first time in The keys to poverty
Maps used to read like this:
Britain, many of the poor
did not go hungry thanks
to rationing
Absolute material
deprivation was reduced
to the point where obesity
became associated with
poverty
Social segregation has Source: B. Seebohm
Rowntree, 2000
increased as real financial (1901), Poverty: a
rewards and benefits to those study of town life,
worse off have fallen — just Bristol: The Policy
Press
as the riches of the wealthy Poverty in York:
have grown
10. … to exclusion Carry on as we are & soon
maps might again read like
this (Booth’s 1890s map):
a sixth of people in the more
unequal rich countries are Yellow: Upper-middle and Upper classes. Wealthy
Red: Well-to-do. Middle-class
‗debarred‘: excluded from Pink: Fairly comfortable. Good ordinary earning
full membership of society Purple: Mixed. Some comfortable, others poor
Pale Blue: Poor – homes of moderate families
because of poverty. A much Dark blue: Very poor, casual. Chronic want
smaller proportion exclude Black: Lowest class. Vicious, semi-criminal
themselves from social norms
by dint of their wealth.
Questioning these extremes
is far from encouraged
Exclusion has become
accepted as a new necessity,
both the super-rich and
widespread inequality have
become acceptable
11. exclusion is necessary
(according to the rich)
Who told George its unaffordable?
George Osborne‘s Budget Speech,
June 2010: ―Sadly, there are
further benefits which the
country can no longer afford.
So we will abolish the poorly-
targeted Health in Pregnancy
Grant from April 2011.‖
But is that grant unaffordable?
In fact the annual cost would be very
similar to Barclay‘s ‗President‘ Bob
Diamond‘s (disputed) £63 million
annual ‗compensation‘.
£63m figure from: http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/politics-
news/2010/04/04/peter-mandelson-s-anger-at-banker-s-
63m-pay-86908-22161500/ PictureCredit: George
speaking in 2009 at Keele University, taken by M. Holland:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:George_Osborne_0437.jpg
12. Why is £190 not affordable?: cutting benefit
- even child benefit from the unborn….
Who can get Health in Pregnancy
Grant? [until April 2011]
You can get the grant if all of the
following apply:
you are 25 weeks pregnant or more
you have been given health advice
from a midwife or doctor
you may not get the grant if:
you are subject to immigration
control or
you are not present, ordinarily
resident or have a right to reside in
the UK
How much do you get?
The grant will be a one-off payment
of £190 for each pregnancy. It will http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Fetus_a
not affect your tax credits or any mniotic_sac.jpg - public domain image
other benefits. Everyone will get the The last group of mothers who will be eligible for the grant will
same amount – you will not be be those who find out they are pregnant around Christmastime
this year. From then on the poor get poorer, including the
asked about your income. unborn poor. Child benefit can take three months to arrive.
13. Policy graphics
1933 and 2010
The Guardian:
http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/datablog/2010/jun/24/budg
et-2010-ifs-cuts-data#zoomed-picture
My plan for 2,000,000 workless, by Ernest Bevin,
Clarion Press, 1933
14. 3. From idleness…
In the 1930s millions of
people were desperate for a
job … any job
That desperation was
eradicated by creating new
employment and providing
better social security
But a wider racism has
developed, a new social
Darwinism, which sees some
people as inherently less
deserving and able than
those who ‗need‘ great
rewards to work in ‗top jobs‘ Frank Horrabin (Socialist Geographer)
See slide two above for source.
15. …to prejudice
a fifth of adults in countries
like Britain and the United
States are now serial
―debtors‖. Rising inequalities
in income and wealth have
made it more likely that
people get into debt in order
to keep up with their peer
group and avoid being judged
‗undeserving‘, of living in the
wrong place, or of just It is hard to imagine large numbers of
wearing the wrong clothes. people. Above are the million people who
filled the National Mall at Barack Obama‘s
This prejudice is being inauguration. One million people in the UK
painted as natural – as aged 25 and under have no work and no
place in college. Image: http://www.rferl.org/content/
Darwinian. Barack_Obama_Sworn_In_As_US_President/1372515.html
16. prejudice is natural – are millions on the
dole because others are ‗worth‘ fortunes?
―The Chairman of bailed-out RBS has
acknowledged that bankers are
overpaid. Sir Philip Hampton said
that salary persists to be
'astonishingly high', but claimed
that he had no option but to shell
out the going rate for best
talent.…[top people get] average
take-home pay of more than
£240,000 this year. … Sir Philip
said, ―If we don't pay our top people
they leave very quickly. Our top
people are very much in demand
and we have seen a significant loss Image from Story titled: ―RBS Chief Acknowledges His
Staff is Overpaid‖ 5 January 2010:
of our top people‖.‖ http://topnews.net.nz/content/23704-rbs-chief-
acknowledges-his-staff-overpaid
5 January 2010, as reported around
Image: http://topnews.net.nz/images/Sir-Philip-
the world (this from New Zealand). Hampton.jpg
17. Income Inequality, share
4. From squalor… Held by richest 1%, 1918-2005+
After 1942 unprecedented
numbers of households were
homeless, the eradication of
slums was a priority
Most spending on housing
was initially for those who
most needed housing Electoral Inequality, Segregation Index
But now a mantra is widely of Tory voters, 1918-2005+
Sources: ‗Injustice‘ Chapter 5
accepted that for those who + New Statesman (2010)
have most to spend, their
spending is necessary at
almost any cost, including
growing global inequalities
and mounting debt
18. Inequality, in survival chances
…to greed to age 65 in Britain, 1918-2005+ [BMJ]
a quarter of households in
Britain are ‗discarded‘ in
terms of social inclusion.
Many cannot afford to run a
car while others have more
cars than they can drive.
Foreign holidays are Income inequality (X axis) verses Health
advertised as normal, inequalities (Y axis) in Britain, 1918-2005
whereas increasing numbers 32%
30%
of households cannot afford a 28%
single annual holiday 26%
Greed is presented as good, 24%
22%
welcomed as what now 20%
"1931"
drives our model of economic 18%
growth, not ‗duty‘ but ‗greed‘ 16%
0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 20%
19. greed is good
―It may not be pretty
but, on the whole,
greed is good‖
Preston, R. (2008). Who runs
Britain? How the super-rich
are changing our lives.
London, Hodder & Stoughton.
(page 336).
Picture Credit: Robert Peston,
BBC Economics Editor, 20
June 2007, London, taken by
Steve Punter
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Robert_Peston,_June_2007.jpg
20. 5. From disease… The
distribution
of ―top‖
In 1942 a near bankrupt
bankers in
country planned the Britain –
introduction of efficient drawn by
Ben Hennig
national health care
on an equal
The NHS and reduced social population
inequality, resulting in a great map.
reduction in suffering and fear
of physical disease
But anxiety rose in place of
disease, best understood as
a symptom of living in times
and places when wide
inequalities are seen as
acceptable
21. The rate of prescribing anti-
…to despair depressants by the NHS in
Scotland, 1992-2006 (anti-
depressant daily doses per
a third of families in Britain 1000 people aged 15+
now contain someone who (Injustice Chapter 7)
suffers depression or
chronic anxiety disorder. The
result of living in more
unequal affluent countries is
to harm the mental well-being
of people in general and US mortgage debt 1977-now
especially adolescents, who
now face such uncertain
futures
Despair is becoming seen as
inevitable, the symptoms
% annual change and $billions
require mass medication, but
what of the causes…?
22. If you believe the five tenets
despair is inevitable - of social injustice then the
last tenet is self-fulfilling
there is no alternative
Despair is inevitable:
Celebrity culture dominates
Winner takes all capitalism
Political parties run by neo-
aristocrats and millionaires
Praying for technological
fixes to environmental ruin
Universities become private
schools with ‗market‘ fees
―Those in greatest need
ultimately bear the burden of
paying off the debt‖ Various sources. Ms Diaz is
more popular than ‗Dave‘.
[Bob Neill, Conservative Local Government Minister, June 2010 Caroline Bonarde‘s image is
http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/top-stories/2010/06/15/david- from ―Shrek the Third‖
blunkett-on-how-the-poor-stand-to-suffer-under-the- premier:http://commons.wiki
condem-coalition-115875-22334187/ ] media.org/wiki/File:Cameron_
Diaz_June_07.jpg
23. But inequality is expensive. In money,
learning, respect, labour, housing and lives.
Among the world‘s richest 25 countries:
There are many alternatives:
The most unequal are:
By 90: 10 income ratios 1) There are alternatives in our recent past
17.7 Singapore (-) (1918-1968/78 and earlier still).
15.9 US (20) 2) There are alternatives abroad.
15.0 Portugal (-) Inequalities in Social Injustice is lower
13.8 UK (22) almost everywhere else in the OECD
13.4 Israel (-)
3) There are alternatives in our
imaginations, where so many have never
And the most equal are:
been as free to think as they are now –
6.9 Germany (14)
especially in the countries which are
6.2 Sweden (8)
already much more equal than is the UK
6.1 Norway (8)
5.6 Finland (10)
Social Inequality damages our collective
4.5 Japan (-)
ability to think clearly – all of us
Source: note 37 page 327 of ‘Injustice’ Why social Danny Dorling
inequality persists. The Figures given in brackets are
UNDP 2009 % aged 16-65 lacking literacy University of Sheffield -
http://www.sasi.group.shef.ac.uk/injustice/
24. Conclusion
To consume less, you need to feel
you have more in common with other
people.
If success is about having a lot of
money,
success is about consuming more
and wasting more.
Consumption by everybody is less
in countries where everyone is more
equal.
All affluent countries need to reduce
their levels of consumption by
reducing social inequalities.
Through their dominance of global
media and marketing the rest of the
world usually looks up towards richer
countries.
What example are the rich
providing?
25. Watch the multimedia version of this presentation including video at
http://sasi.group.shef.ac.uk/presentations/