Informed consent is a process in which a patient or research participant is provided with information about a medical procedure or research study, including its risks and benefits, in order to make an informed decision about whether or not to participate. The informed consent process is a critical component of ethical medical practice and research and is intended to protect the rights and welfare of patients and research participants. Here are some key elements of the informed consent process: Information: The patient or research participant must be provided with information about the medical procedure or research study, including its purpose, procedures, risks, benefits, and alternatives. Capacity: The patient or research participant must have the capacity to understand the information provided and make a decision based on that understanding. Voluntariness: The decision to participate must be made voluntarily, without coercion or undue influence. Documentation: The informed consent process must be documented in writing, including the information provided, the decision made, and any questions or concerns raised by the patient or research participant. Ongoing consent: Informed consent is an ongoing process and must be re-evaluated if there are changes to the procedure or study, or if new information becomes available. Consent for minors: In the case of minors, informed consent must be obtained from a legal guardian or parent. The informed consent process is a fundamental aspect of ethical medical practice and research. It ensures that patients and research participants are fully informed about the procedures and risks involved and that they have the opportunity to make an informed decision about whether or not to participate.