Keynote address by Abhijit V. Banerjee on Information, voting and the quality of governance at the SITE Corruption Conference, 31 August 2015.
Find more at: https://www.hhs.se/site
Pathways to Happiness are policy suggestions for communities using the Happiness Index and scoring low in an area. Each one suggests policies and programs for when a community scores low in one area.
Pittsburgh Nonprofit Summit - Poverty in Southwest PA - A Strategy for Stoppi...GPNP
Natalie Branosky, Director of the Center for Economic & Social Inclusion highlighted the poverty situation in Southwest PA utilizing UK indicators and began the dialogue on a strategy to reverse the trend in the Pittsburgh region.
HLEG thematic workshop on Measurement of Well Being and Development in Africa...StatsCommunications
HLEG thematic workshop on Measurement of Well Being and Development in Africa, 12-14 November 2015, Durban, South Africa, More information at: www.oecd.org/statistics/measuring-economic-social-progress
Pathways to Happiness are policy suggestions for communities using the Happiness Index and scoring low in an area. Each one suggests policies and programs for when a community scores low in one area.
Pittsburgh Nonprofit Summit - Poverty in Southwest PA - A Strategy for Stoppi...GPNP
Natalie Branosky, Director of the Center for Economic & Social Inclusion highlighted the poverty situation in Southwest PA utilizing UK indicators and began the dialogue on a strategy to reverse the trend in the Pittsburgh region.
HLEG thematic workshop on Measurement of Well Being and Development in Africa...StatsCommunications
HLEG thematic workshop on Measurement of Well Being and Development in Africa, 12-14 November 2015, Durban, South Africa, More information at: www.oecd.org/statistics/measuring-economic-social-progress
Presentation by Emebet Mulugeta (Ph.D.), Associate Professor at Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia, and Director at Nia Center for Children and Family Development, during the "Expert Consultation on Family and Parenting Support," Florence, Italy 26-27 May 2014.
1.6 Improving Outcomes for Youth Aging Out of Foster Care
Speaker: Brenda Fonseca
Nearly 28,000 youth emancipated from foster care in 2010, and it is imperative that they have access to services, affordable housing options, education, and employment to prepare them to live independently. Communities that have extended foster care to older youth under the Fostering Connections Act and that are creatively using resources to increase housing opportunities will discuss their successes and lessons learned.
The Role of Social Protection in Addressing Negative Coping Strategies: Focus...The Transfer Project
“What is the role of social protection in addressing and reducing negative coping strategies with a focus on HIV?.” EPRI DIASPS Global Webinar on HIV-Sensitive and epi-Smart Social Protection: Leaving no one behind. Convened by Economic Policy Research Institute (EPRI) for course on “Designing and Implementing Adaptive Social Protection Systems.” March 24, 2022.
“Building Effective Linkages for Gender-Based Violence Prevention and Response in Social Protection Systems.” Gender-Based Violence and Social Protection Learning Event. Virtual learning event organized by The World Bank; Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO); UNICEF; and High-Quality Technical Assistance for Results (HEART). January 27-28, 2022.
This was the result of a group project completed for the Family Policy (6130) Course at UGA. The assignment instructions were to choose a topic and create a policy brief using research, data, and the family impact analysis to present the selected issue. Three of my fellow classmates and I completed this project and presented it to the class. The sections I singly developed include: "What's the Issue?," "Background," and "References."
Impacts of Cash Transfers on Adolescents' & Young Women's Well-Being Globally...The Transfer Project
Tia Palermo's presentation for the joint UNICEF & Gates Foundation Tanzania Adolescent Symposium in Dar es Salaam on 7 February 2018.
Using evidence from around the world, Tia outlines what we know about cash transfers impacts on youth and young women's well-being.
National Poll: Perceptions of Public Health Departments & Servicesde Beaumont Foundation
What do Americans think of their local health department and officials? What health services do they most value? See the results of a national poll conducted by Morning Consult on behalf of the de Beaumont Foundation.
Gender in Budget Feb 2018 Population First NewsletterVIBHUTI PATEL
Gender Responsive Budgeting (GRB) is a means of integrating a
gender dimension into all steps of the budget process. It is about taking
into account the different needs and priorities of both women and men
without gender exclusivity. GRB ensures that budgets are gendersensitive
and not gender neutral, which means that they are geared
towards establishing gender equality. It consists of the use of tools to
Contents
Featured Story:
Gender in Budget ‘18
—> [1-2]
Speaking our Mind:
… Still stuck with the sonpreference
syndrome?
—> [3]
What were we upto?
—> [4-10]
Team speaks
—> [11]
Tying up loose ends
—> [12]
In the pipeline
—> [13]
How is THIS still around?
—> [14]
analyse the gender dimensions of budgets; and adoption of procedures to ensure that the budget supports
the achievement of gender equality.
Presentation by Emebet Mulugeta (Ph.D.), Associate Professor at Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia, and Director at Nia Center for Children and Family Development, during the "Expert Consultation on Family and Parenting Support," Florence, Italy 26-27 May 2014.
1.6 Improving Outcomes for Youth Aging Out of Foster Care
Speaker: Brenda Fonseca
Nearly 28,000 youth emancipated from foster care in 2010, and it is imperative that they have access to services, affordable housing options, education, and employment to prepare them to live independently. Communities that have extended foster care to older youth under the Fostering Connections Act and that are creatively using resources to increase housing opportunities will discuss their successes and lessons learned.
The Role of Social Protection in Addressing Negative Coping Strategies: Focus...The Transfer Project
“What is the role of social protection in addressing and reducing negative coping strategies with a focus on HIV?.” EPRI DIASPS Global Webinar on HIV-Sensitive and epi-Smart Social Protection: Leaving no one behind. Convened by Economic Policy Research Institute (EPRI) for course on “Designing and Implementing Adaptive Social Protection Systems.” March 24, 2022.
“Building Effective Linkages for Gender-Based Violence Prevention and Response in Social Protection Systems.” Gender-Based Violence and Social Protection Learning Event. Virtual learning event organized by The World Bank; Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO); UNICEF; and High-Quality Technical Assistance for Results (HEART). January 27-28, 2022.
This was the result of a group project completed for the Family Policy (6130) Course at UGA. The assignment instructions were to choose a topic and create a policy brief using research, data, and the family impact analysis to present the selected issue. Three of my fellow classmates and I completed this project and presented it to the class. The sections I singly developed include: "What's the Issue?," "Background," and "References."
Impacts of Cash Transfers on Adolescents' & Young Women's Well-Being Globally...The Transfer Project
Tia Palermo's presentation for the joint UNICEF & Gates Foundation Tanzania Adolescent Symposium in Dar es Salaam on 7 February 2018.
Using evidence from around the world, Tia outlines what we know about cash transfers impacts on youth and young women's well-being.
National Poll: Perceptions of Public Health Departments & Servicesde Beaumont Foundation
What do Americans think of their local health department and officials? What health services do they most value? See the results of a national poll conducted by Morning Consult on behalf of the de Beaumont Foundation.
Gender in Budget Feb 2018 Population First NewsletterVIBHUTI PATEL
Gender Responsive Budgeting (GRB) is a means of integrating a
gender dimension into all steps of the budget process. It is about taking
into account the different needs and priorities of both women and men
without gender exclusivity. GRB ensures that budgets are gendersensitive
and not gender neutral, which means that they are geared
towards establishing gender equality. It consists of the use of tools to
Contents
Featured Story:
Gender in Budget ‘18
—> [1-2]
Speaking our Mind:
… Still stuck with the sonpreference
syndrome?
—> [3]
What were we upto?
—> [4-10]
Team speaks
—> [11]
Tying up loose ends
—> [12]
In the pipeline
—> [13]
How is THIS still around?
—> [14]
analyse the gender dimensions of budgets; and adoption of procedures to ensure that the budget supports
the achievement of gender equality.
Gender in Budget 2018: An interview with Dr Vibhuti Patel Feb, 2018 Populatio...VIBHUTI PATEL
What is meant by the concept of gender-responsive budgeting?
A: Gender Responsive Budgeting (GRB) is a means of integrating a
gender dimension into all steps of the budget process. It is about taking
into account the different needs and priorities of both women and men
without gender exclusivity. GRB ensures that budgets are gendersensitive
and not gender neutral, which means that they are geared
towards establishing gender equality. It consists of the use of tools to
Contents
Featured Story:
Gender in Budget ‘18
—> [1-2]
Speaking our Mind:
… Still stuck with the sonpreference
syndrome?
—> [3]
What were we upto?
—> [4-10]
Team speaks
—> [11]
Tying up loose ends
—> [12]
In the pipeline
—> [13]
How is THIS still around?
—> [14]
analyse the gender dimensions of budgets; and adoption of procedures to ensure that the budget supports
the achievement of gender equality.
Malvina Maska Week 2 DiscussionCOLLAPSETop of FormWhat has.docxendawalling
Malvina Maska
Week 2 Discussion
COLLAPSE
Top of Form
What has happened to the income share of the richest fifth of the U.S. population over the past 40 years?
A result that happened to the income share of the richest fifth is that they became more rich than they were. According to the book average income in 2006 richest fifth of the U.S households is $149,963. About 15 times as much income as the poorest fifth. From 1970- 2014 more unequal distribution.
What groups in the U.S. population are most likely to live in poverty?
The group may vary because that depends since the federal government has set up calculations that depend on the family size and gets adjusted every year depending on the changes in the level of prices.
When gauging the amount of inequality, why do transitory and life cycle variations in income cause difficulties?
While trying to distribute benefits in order to reduce poverty there are some difficulties dealing while dealing with improving society such as Welfare people take advantage of the options that are available so they can adjust with the requirements to apply for welfare such as they get encouraged to break up or encouraged to have babies in order to be qualified to gets those benefits by the government. Or instead of curing their illness that prevented them from working they exaggerate so they can keep benefit from those programs.
How would a utilitarian, a liberal, and a libertarian each determine how much income inequality is permissible?
In utilitarian cases the government tried to have more utility for the poor that way to rich people that way to avoid an inefficient use of resources.
Liberals insist on having policies available in order to protect people against the risk of lawsuit or other events.
Libertarians want to enforce more restricted laws that protect individuals and provide equal opportunities.
What are the pros and cons of in-kind (rather than cash) transfers to the poor?
The pros on in-kind process is that they provide them with a supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program SNAP so they can provide them to buy food on the store and Medicate Government tent to help poor people from surviving but do not encourage them to work.
Describe how antipoverty programs can discourage the poor from working. How might you reduce this disincentive? What are the disadvantages of your proposed policy?
The disadvantage of providing them benefits is that people get discouraged and aimed not to work. Some of them they are not 100% dissabled they still have some skills and availability to do certain things that will help the society, before providing full benefits to poor people they should test their percentage of abilities. Or at least reduce benefits when their income start to raise or provide benefits for limited period of time the verify who really needs it.
Yanjun Chen
Yanjun Chen
COLLAPSE
Top of Form
1. What has happened to the income share of the richest fifth of the U.S. population over th.
This PPT is about some social problems of India like corruption, child lobour, female foeticide, infanticide, poverty, malnutrition, dowery etc. and their causes, present status, consequences and preventive measures
Tia Palermo's presentation on cash transfers and violence against women and children to UN Women's regional office and Promundo's Learning Dialogue Series in June 2020.
Presented by Anastasia Luzgina during the conference "Belarus at the crossroads: The complex role of sanctions in the context of totalitarian backsliding" on April 23, 2024.
Presented by Erlend Bollman Bjørtvedt during the conference "Belarus at the crossroads: The complex role of sanctions in the context of totalitarian backsliding" on April 23, 2024.
Presented by Dzimtry Kruk during the conference "Belarus at the crossroads: The complex role of sanctions in the context of totalitarian backsliding" on April 23, 2024.
Presented by Lev Lvovskiy during the conference "Belarus at the crossroads: The complex role of sanctions in the context of totalitarian backsliding" on April 23, 2024.
Presented by Chloé Le Coq, Professor of Economics, University of Paris-Panthéon-Assas, Economics and Law Research Center (CRED), during SITE 2023 Development Day conference.
This year’s SITE Development Day conference will focus on the Russian war on Ukraine. We will discuss the situation in Ukraine and neighbouring countries, how to finance and organize financial support within the EU and within Sweden, and how to deal with the current energy crisis.
This year’s SITE Development Day conference will focus on the Russian war on Ukraine. We will discuss the situation in Ukraine and neighbouring countries, how to finance and organize financial support within the EU and within Sweden, and how to deal with the current energy crisis.
The (Ce)² Workshop is organised as an initiative of the FREE Network by one of its members, the Centre for Economic Analysis (CenEA, Poland) together with the Centre for Microdata Methods and Practice (CeMMAP, UK). This will be the seventh edition of the workshop which will be held in Warsaw on 27-28 June 2022.
The (Ce)2 workshop is organised as an initiative of the FREE Network by one of its members, the Centre for Economic Analysis (CenEA, Poland) together with the Centre for Microdata Methods and Practice (CeMMAP, UK). This will be the seventh edition of the workshop which will be held in Warsaw on 27-28 June 2022.
The (Ce)2 workshop is organised as an initiative of the FREE Network by one of its members, the Centre for Economic Analysis (CenEA, Poland) together with the Centre for Microdata Methods and Practice (CeMMAP, UK). This will be the seventh edition of the workshop which will be held in Warsaw on 27-28 June 2022.
The (Ce)2 workshop is organised as an initiative of the FREE Network by one of its members, the Centre for Economic Analysis (CenEA, Poland) together with the Centre for Microdata Methods and Practice (CeMMAP, UK). This will be the seventh edition of the workshop which will be held in Warsaw on 27-28 June 2022.
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
How to get verified on Coinbase Account?_.docxBuy bitget
t's important to note that buying verified Coinbase accounts is not recommended and may violate Coinbase's terms of service. Instead of searching to "buy verified Coinbase accounts," follow the proper steps to verify your own account to ensure compliance and security.
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
2. Elemental Economics - Mineral demand.pdfNeal Brewster
After this second you should be able to: Explain the main determinants of demand for any mineral product, and their relative importance; recognise and explain how demand for any product is likely to change with economic activity; recognise and explain the roles of technology and relative prices in influencing demand; be able to explain the differences between the rates of growth of demand for different products.
Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptxWrito-Finance
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
BONKMILLON Unleashes Its Bonkers Potential on Solana.pdfcoingabbar
Introducing BONKMILLON - The Most Bonkers Meme Coin Yet
Let's be real for a second – the world of meme coins can feel like a bit of a circus at times. Every other day, there's a new token promising to take you "to the moon" or offering some groundbreaking utility that'll change the game forever. But how many of them actually deliver on that hype?
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
2. THE ROLE OF INFORMATION
A lot of how we think about decentralized economic and political
systems is posited on assumptions an informed and vigilant
citizenry
Voters need to make informed choices
Parents/patients need to complain about the right problems in
schools/hospitals
Citizens need to search out corruption in the provision of
public goods and report it
Communities need to assign benefits to the right people.
3. UNFORTUNATELY
Neither being informed nor being engaged enough to use it are
automatic
At least in a developing country context
People do not and often cannot read newspapers/notice boards
etc.
People are busy, stressed
Information is multi-dimensional: you have to know what is worth
knowing
Information has to be processed
4. THISTALK
I want to highlight
what we know about the use of information to get better
social outcomes
And equally importantly, some puzzles about what seems to
be coming out of that body of evidence
5. AN EXPERIMENT ON INFORMATION
PROVISION
Rema already talked about it this morning but couple points
worth making
Raskin is 17 year old program in Indonesia
It is a rice subsidy program for the poor:
Each eligible family is entitled to 15 Kgs of rice per month
At 1600 rupiahs per kilo
The price has been unchanged since 2007
Yet in baseline:
Only 30% of eligible households know their status
Beneficiaries believe that the co-pay is 25% higher than it is
6. PERHAPS FORTHIS REASON,WE
FIND..
Mistargeting: 84 percent of eligible bought some rice; 67 percent
of ineligible did so as well
Leakages: comparing surveys to administrative data suggests
about 23% of rice disappears
Markups: mean co-payment in our data is Rp. 2,276 per kg,
instead of Rp. 1,600
Eligible households buy 5.3 kg/month at Rp. 2,276: 32 percent of
value of intended subsidy
7. COULD IT BE JUST AN INFORMATION
PROBLEM?
It may be in the interest of the village leadership to keep the
information vague
Compounded by the fact there are some real distribution costs
not covered by the program (small though)
Nevertheless one would imagine beneficiaries would have the
incentive to find out and would have had ample chances to do
so..
One guess would be that this is just a reflection of power:“the
village head’s word is the law”
8. RESULTS FROM A FIELD EXPERIMENT
Field experiment in 572 villages, in
conjunction with the Indonesian
government
Will an increase in information to
eligible households increase their
subsidy received?
In 378 randomly chosen villages, eligible
households received a “Raskin id card”
Conveys information on eligibility and
entitled quantity
9. THE IMPACT
Subsidy increases by about ~26% for eligible
No overall reduction in quantity for ineligible
No evidence that the poorer ineligibles were hurt
Rice given out increases by 17%; 36% reduction in rice leakage
Bottom ten treatment only helped the bottom ten.
10. EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE ONTHE
SOURCE OFTHE IMPACT
Information seems to matter:
Printing the price of rice on the card doubles the subsidy
But so does the possession of a card.
When cards are only sent to the bottom 10% of the village,
they are the only ones who benefit
And the gain is no larger than where everyone gets a card
Suggests an important role for being able to demonstrate
eligibility/entitlement
11. CONSISTENT WITH
The fact that making information public had a very large impact
In this treatment the lists of the eligible and the terms of the
program were publicly announced
As against a list that the leader was supposed to post on his office
but often failed to do so
Doubled the increase in the subsidy
Too big to be the impact of the increase in individual knowledge
Why?
Coordination or
Higher order knowledge
12. A POTENTIAL CONNECTION
WITH
A quasi-experiment (Reinikka-Svensson) in Uganda where initially
the median school was getting 0% of central government grants
coming to it
Publishing that amount sent raises the amount to over 80%.
Schools probably did know that something like this was happening
But it was vague/conjectural
The intervention introduced higher order knowledge
Why does that matter?
People seem to have very high costs of publicly acting on vague
information
Why?
13. INFORMATION AND
COORDINATION
The previous examples were ones where acting alone was
possible
Does not make sense, for example, with schools, hospitals
Its hard to be credible when you complain about your own
child not doing well
An example of information effects on education
14. INFORMATION WITHOUT COORDINATION
CAN BE USELESS: RESULTS FROM AN RCT
Sarva Shiksha Aviyan (SSA) was the previous NDA governments
flagship education program in India
Created village education committees (VECs) to monitor state
of education in the village and intervene where necessary
On paper substantial powers, including the power to complain against
teachers and to request an additional teacher where needed
Five years after SSA was launched our survey in UP foundVECs
existed in every village
92% of the villagers do not know about them
A vast majority ofVEC members did not know their rights under SSA
25% ofVEC members did not know they wereVEC members
15. INTERVENTION
To informVEC members of their rights and responsibilities
Both general
And specific (this is the person to complain)
Informing villagers of the (dismal) state of education in these
villages to galvanize them
Training in the tools to test their children
16. RESULT
Villagers andVEC members were more informed
Had a precise zero effect on all measures of collective action and
test scores
Not because villagers did not react to the information
Volunteers started teaching classes and test scores went up
dramatically for those kids who attended those classes
Private rather than collective action
17. WHY?
Cost of acting together in a setting where there is uncertainty
about exactly whose fault it is, whether everyone else will step
up to the plate (and some risk of retaliation)?
Some experimental evidence from laboratory games of excess reaction to
small increases in costs in coordination games
One tentative piece of evidence
Very similar intervention in Uganda in the healthcare sector (Bjorkman-
Svensson)
Had massive positive effects
Main difference, the information campaign was carried out by a CBO that
also undertook to coordinate the reaction to the information
18. VOTING EXPERIMENTS
Is one place where individual action can have a big impact
without physical coordination
Information seems to have large effects
Farraz-Finan study audits of mayors in Brazil
Find that mayors whose audits were (randomly) chosen to be
published before the election get more votes if they are found
uncorrupt and massively less votes if they are found corrupt
Banerjee-Kumar-Pande find that even much softer information
has a substantial effect on voting
In Delhi distributing newspapers with report cards on legislator
performance reduces the vote share of low performing candidates
substantially
19. BUT DO PEOPLE USE ALLTHE
INFORMATIONTHEY HAVE?
A field experiment in Eastern Rajasthan
Villagers were shown a street play that reminded them that the
village panchayat head had important economic responsibilities
Especially with the new employment guarantee scheme
Just before the 2010 panchayat election
First-past the post elections, every five years
Anyone can self-nominate and run
20. THE CAMPAIGN
Consisted of a street-play
And distribution of calendars, some village meetings
No village specific information was given out
472 street-plays covering 119 Gram Panchayats chosen at
random out of the 382 in 3 districts.
130,00 calendars distributed
26. THEREFORE
Impact of the intervention was to reduce re-running among low
performing incumbents.
But villagers were not told who was low-performing
In other words, the villagers knew who were the bad incumbents
but till the play reminded that they should care, this information
was not being used…
Why?
Coordination (Myerson)?
Or cost of information processing. How to know what we know?
27. SOME EVIDENCE ON COST OF PURE
INFORMATION PROCESSING
In Indonesia we had the village community rank everyone in
terms of poverty in order to find the poor
We randomized the order in which the people were ranked
We see a big difference in ranking accuracy between beginning
and end
Perhaps not surprising since ranking 75 households, for example,
would need at least 363 comparisons
Having information is not the same thing as being willing to use
it.
28. A LOT OF HOPE
Is pinned on the effects of information exchange--twitter, text
messages, etc.--on improving governance
We need to think about how to make those interventions really
effective
In particular there is no reason why good governance would
emerge from the “free market in ideas”
The most important things may not get said or heard or
discussed or emphasized or acted upon
29. A RESEARCH AGENDA
Understanding
The role of higher-order knowledge
The role of coordination
The role of knowing what you know
And how to design information campaigns to leverage these