The Capability Maturity Model (CMM) was developed starting in 1984 by Watts Humphrey and the Software Engineering Institute to help the Department of Defense compare and measure its software contractors. The CMM defines 5 levels of process maturity for software development organizations: 1) Initial, 2) Repeatable, 3) Defined, 4) Managed, and 5) Optimizing. It provides a framework for organizations to assess their software processes and work to continuously improve them.