Mobile Terminals as a Driver for IPv6 Deployment

Mobile Terminals as a
Driver for IPv6 Deployment
John Loughney
john.loughney@nokia.com

1 © NOKIA FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

Initial Assumptions
• IPv6 enabled networks are needed, but are not sufficient.
Applications& uses will drive the deployment of IPv6.
• Human communication has been end-to-end.
• Mobile terminals have become an extension for person-to-
person communication.
• Not enough IPv4 addresses for all devices.
• NAT breaks end-to-end communication.


Future Requirements Drive IPv6

• Converged networks (Wireless, home networks,
multimedia).
• Address space (IPv4 is running out of space, IPv6 offers
2128 addresses instead of 232).
• Mobility is an embedded part in IPv6, which enables the
scalability to global mobility.
• IPv6 has new features optimized better to mobile world
(Address autoconfiguration, route optimization, in built
mobility, always on).


Benefits of IPv6
• 128-bit address space. IP addresses can be permanently
assigned to end devices whatever they are
• NAT (network address translation) not needed anymore,
end to end functionality can be guaranteed
• Faster routing due to smaller routing tables
• New push services, always on services (reachability and
connectivity)
• Embedded mobility and roaming support (Mobile IPv6)
• Operational benefits (e.g easier management with
autoconfiguration, plug and play)
• Security integrated to IPv6 (IPSec)


IPv6 vs. IPv4

Feature IPv4 IPv6

In theory 4 billion, Large enough, 2128
Address space in practice much less

Can serve a restricted Embedded, scales to
Mobility number of terminals global mobility

Several alternatives Included in IPv6 to be
Security and scaling problems deployed global VPNs
No comprehensive
standard solution Integral part of IPv6
Autoconfiguration standard
(DHCP exists)


Mobile Devices Need IPv6!
• A huge number of IP addresses are needed for future
mobile terminals - IPv6 is the way to do it.
• IPv6 eliminates the use of private IPv4 address spaces
and NATs. Future IP applications benefit from global
IPv6 addresses.
• Transition from IPv4 to IPv6 will be a gradual evolution.
From a mobile network point of view the principal
transition mechanisms are dual stacks and tunneling.
• Nokia mobile terminals shall start supporting IPv6 (dual
stack) in the near future. Symbian Operating System
v7.0 including IPv6 (dual stack) support has been
released.


New Applications and Services
• Messaging applications are important - text messages (or SMS) is
a good starting point.
• Multimedia messaging (MMS) is about to begin. Mobile terminals
with integrated digital cameras are being introduced.
• More applications with demanding bandwidth needs. The
cellular data networks will have an important role supporting
all these services.
• Mobile devices will have large color displays.
• Instant Messaging, Presence, Java applications, browsing, peer-
to-peer applications …
• Streaming with one or several media components, like audio,
video …
• 3GPP Release 5 IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) networks will be
supporting a wide variety of multimedia services.


New Services
• Basic Voice
• Conference calls

• SMS (short message service) -> MMS (multimedia messaging
service)
• Forecast: 100 billion SMS messages / month by the end of
2002
• Store and forward messaging
• Rich Calls
• Voice plus picture
• Voice plus data
• Video calls

• Content sharing (Napster, etc.)
• Location-based Services

New services and packet traffic will
Monthly average revenue per user (Euro)
dominate
80

70
Portal
New multimedia andMachine to call service experience
rich
Machine
60
can only be achievedper User
60 Average Traffic
by moving to All-IP
50 Data Access
All-IP, one 50
economical network enabled by system-wide
40 optimised architecture to reduce cost per delivered MByte
Multimedia
Text messages
Messages
40

MB a Month
30
Video call

20 30 Rich call PS
CS
10 20
Voice

0
10
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
ref. Nokia 2002

Multimedia Messaging - Person to
Person

• Text • Standardized
• Graphics presentation
• Digital images and timing
• Audio clips • Own content
creation
• Content &
storage services


Phone Types
FUNCTIONALITY DIMENSION
APPLICATION Business
STYLE
AREAS Voice Entertainment Imaging Media Applications

Premium

Fashion
STYLE DIMENSION

Classic

Active

Expression

Basic


Nokia 9210 / 9290 Nokia 7650
Communicator Imaging Phone
• New UI
• Display 176x208 pixels
• Integrated Digital Camera &
picture storing, viewing and
transfer
• GSM900/1800, GPRS,
HSCSD, Bluetooth
• Available in Q2 2002

Nokia D311
• the first dual-mode GPRS / WLAN
PC Card for the Americas
• Available 3Q / 02


9210 / 9290 supported protocols
• TCP/IP stack; UDP is also supported
• HTML web browser
• E-mail protocols POP3, IMAP4, SMTP (SSL,TLS)


Technology Evolution from CS to PS
Mobile
Multimedia
Personalised
Services
Rich call
Mobile
Internet
Wireless
Location Services
Streaming
Voice Browsing mCommerce

Messaging

Handsets

GSM
GSM GPRS
GPRS EDGE/WCDMA Network
EDGE/WCDMA

13kbps
13kbps 2Mbps Bandwidth
2Mbps
Time
Wlan 11Mbps

IPv6 Role in 3G Networks
• The number Internet connected Mobile Terminals is
expected to grow rapidly and exceed the number of fixed
Internet connected devices in 2003.
• Many GSM/3G operators have an access to only a limited
resource of IPv4 addresses
• 3GPP has built in IPv6 as part of the 3G standard (e.g. IP
Multimedia Subsystem, IPv6 user plane option in GPRS)
• The major benefit is the possibility to offer IP based
services to unlimited number of IPv6 based devices, mobile
or fixed.

IPv6 is essential for
3G deployment


Nokia IPv6 roadmap

•IPv6 subnet mobility (mobile
2005
terminal works as mobile router)

•IPv6 in All-IP (3GPP rel 6)
2004
•IPv6 in IPRAN

•IPv6 mandatory in IM subsystem (3GPP rel. 5)
•Dual stack IPv4 / IPv6 terminals available
2003 •IPv6 in both user IP layer and network IP layer
•MIPv6 based GPRS WLAN Roaming

•IPv6 in user layer in 3G (R99)
2002 •Interworking in GGSN: Dual stack & 6to4 tunneling


Nokia in 3G Networks
Dual stack terminals
Services

Application
User Layer Servers
IPv6 Network and IPv6
Service Mgmt
Internet
Nokia CR
SGSN
ER
Nokia ER Nokia
WCDMA GGSN
CR CR HSS
WDM,
GSM/EDGE SDH,
Dark Fiber
TDMA/EDGE
ER ER
IP/MPLS backbone Nokia
CPS
Nokia
Nokia GGSN
SGSN
Nokia
Mobility Layer PSTN
PSTN
GW

Access Layer

Options for introducing IPv6 into
IPv4 networks
• Dual stack approach, hosts and routers support both IPv4 and
IPv6.
• Tunneling approach, manually or automatically configured.
• Translation techniques, to let IPv6 and IPv4 clients to talk to
each other
IPv6 IPv6
Internet, IPv4
Application
IPv6 traffic
TCP/UDP
IPv4 IPv6
Dual stack router,
Data Link
NAT-PT
IPv4 traffic IPv6 traffic


IPv6 deployment
IPv6
• Deployment of IPv6 will not happen at once
• Transition will be very challenging
MN Dual stack terminal IPv6
network
IPv6
Operator network network
SGSN

GRPS Native IPv6
core

GGSN IPv4
Operator network
network EDGE
router 6to4
Operator Operator
IPv6 services IPv4 services

‘Cellular host IPv6' draft in IETF
• Starting point: a clearly defined IPv6 feature set was needed for
a cellular terminal.
• IPv6 covers many aspects, numerous IETF specifications
and is also partly still evolving.
• A rapid adoption of IPv6 is desired for cellular terminals.
• Cellular terminal software often cannot be upgraded,
yet it must meet tough demands for interoperability.
• The draft defines three functionality groups:
• Basic IP includes essential basic parts of IPv6.
• IP Security contains IP Security details.
• Mobility contains IP Mobility details.
• NOKIA is actively participating this work


Mobile terminal connection to the IP
network
(from 3GPP Rel99 point of view)

• Pure IPv6 PDP
connection needs
IPv6 support in Gi
backbone
(IPv6)
Operator

user layer.
services /
IPv6 PDP Intranet
"in IPv6 mode" (IPv6)
context
• NATs should be Gn GGSN
AP1
IPv6/v4
gateway

avoided Dual stack SGSN
IPv6

Mobile GPRS AP2
• Different Terminals core IPv6
Edge
domains (IPv4, SGSN

AP3
router The Internet
(IPv4) Native

IPv6, ..) behind "in IPv4 mode" IPv4
6to4
IPv4
host

different Access
Dual
tunnel stack
IPv4 PDP
router
Points. context Gi
backbone External
(IPv4) services
(IPv6)


On the Horizon
• Multi-technology devices
• GSM/EDGE
• WCDMA
• Bluetooth
• WLAN

• Multi-purpose devices
• Phone
• PDA phones
• Laptops with PC card
• Camera
• Messaging
• Games

• Personal Area Networks


All-IP IMS in 3GPP rel 5
Internet
IPv4
Dualstack IPv4 and
IPv6 IPv4 or v6
Intranet
tunnelled IPv4
GPRS Tunneling transparently as
Protocol (GTP) required Intranet
tunnels IPv6
SIP
Call Server

SGSN GPRS Backbone GGSN IM Subsystem
IPv6 (or IPv4) IPv6

Mobile must use IPv6 to
access IM-Subsystem UMTS Network Boundary

Timeframe: 2003-2005

Transition Methods
• The main transition mechanisms are
• dual IPv4 / IPv6 stacks in network elements and mobile terminals
• tunneling (automatic and configured)
• IPv4 - IPv6 protocol translators in the network
• The principal transition mechanisms are dual stacks and tunneling;
translators (such as NAT-PT) are needed if the communicating elements
do not share the same version of IP.
• The most important elements needing dual stacks in the mobile network
are GGSN elements, mobile terminals, edge routers and DNS servers.
• IPv6 support is also needed in application servers and proxies, such as
WAP gateways, web proxies and E-mail servers.
• The majority of the transition mechanisms is provided by the network in
order to keep the mobile terminal functionality as light as possible.


Mobile IPv6
• Mobile IP is already possible with IPv4, however, Mobile
IPv6 offers several benefits:
• Mobility has been an integral part of IPv6 from the start
• No Foreign Agent is needed, improves routing, also if
standards change, all Foreign Agents must be modified
• Address space limitations of IPv4 will make any usage of
Mobile IPv4 in 3G networks extremely difficult
• Route Optimization is built in (Mobile) IPv6, but an add
on in Mobile IPv4
• IPv4 has problems that will force the deployment of IPv6
especially in mobile networks
• MIPv4 – MIPv6 interworking and co-operation isn’t
properly standardized


Mobile IP and GPRS - Overview
• GGSN is the link between 3G and Internet, takes care of mobility issues
• Node B, RNC & SGSN may change during a PDP context, but GGSN always
stays the same. The whole GPRS network looks like a large LAN / Layer 2
network.
⇒ There is no need for Mobile IP in a pure GPRS based packet
access.

RNC SGSN IP networks
GTP
GTP (Internet)

IP network GGSN

GTP GTP


GPRS - OWLAN Mobile IPv6
Roaming
• Enables IP session mobility
Home Network across the GPRS – OWLAN
HLR
IPv6 network boundaries, and
Home also between OWLAN
AS Agent Access Points belonging to
different IP subnets (typical
case in large access zones)
IPv6 network • User: no need to restart
BTS GGSN applications
• Home Agent: new NW element
at operator or corporate
3G/2G Access AC
Cellular/ Network • Mobile IPv6 authentication with
WLAN
Terminal SIM
WLAN
• No changes to GPRS
Cellular/ AP • Future: MIPv6 enhancements
WLAN
Terminal for faster handovers
• Trial Q3/2002, commercial
2H/2003.

GPRS - OWLAN Mobile IPv6
Roaming
Following components needed for
Home Network the trial:
HLR - GSM network (connected to
IPv6 the Nokia 2G GPRS system).
Home - OWLAN system with MIPEM6
AS Agent modifications in the AC and
AS.
- The Home Agent (IPSO
IPv6 network operating system on Nokia
IP330).
BTS GGSN - An IPv6 network for
connecting the MIPEM6
network elements to each
3G/2G Access AC other.
Cellular/ Network - Connection to the SS7 network
WLAN
Terminal with the HLR/AuC.
WLAN - GPRS-WLAN terminal
equipment provided by Nokia
Cellular/ AP (laptop with Linux & GPRS-
WLAN
Terminal
WLAN card).


Roaming Between GPRS & WLAN
Correspondent
Node
Home Agent
The terminal opens a web
Authentication session with the CN,
server IPv6 network using its own CoA as the
source IPv6 address and
the Home Address in the
Creates PDP context and
Home Address option.
send MIPv6 BU to
The terminal also sends a
HA,indicating its new CoA
allocated by the GGSN BU to the CN.

During WWW
session, terminal 2G/3G/GPRS WLAN
moves to WLAN
and gets access and
a new CoA from it.

Cellular/WLAN
Terminal with
MIPv6


Roaming Between GPRS & WLAN
Home Agent Correspondent
Node

Authentication server Terminal sends a
IPv6 network
new BU to the CN
indicating its new
CoA.

2G/3G/GPRS WLAN

Terminal sends a Cellular /
new BU to HA WLAN
Terminal
indicating its new with MIPv6
CoA

VPN Example
VPN GW
File server
Home Agent

The user opens a VPN connection
to the VPN GW and also sends a IPv6 network
BU to the VPN GW. Thus the
VPN GW knows the user's current Establish connection.
CoA.

Create access (PDP
context) and send a BU to
HA
2G/3G/GPRS WLAN

Multimod
e
Terminal
& Laptop


VPN Example
VPN GW
File server
Home Agent

IPv6 network
TCP open, terminal VPN GW sends the
moves to WLAN. Gets packets to the new
access and sends a BU to CoA corresponding to
HA the Home Address
Terminal sends BU to the VPN
GW, indicating its new CoA

2G/3G/GPRS WLAN

Multimod
So, how about using the SIM for e
Terminal
the VPN key delivery also? & Laptop


Summary
• Messaging & end-to-end services are the “killer application” (SMS, MMS,
Instant Messaging, E-mail, Presence) requiring billions of IP addresses
worldwide.
• There are several methods for transitioning to IPv6, tunneling and dual
stack the main ones.
• The use of CIDR, DHCP and NAT has delayed the transition to IPv6.
• Vendors are announcing software based IPv6 in routers, with limited
performance, the next step will be IPv6 in hardware.
• Mobile IPv6 for access independency.
• From circuit switched voice towards packet switched data.
• Messaging is important - SMS, MMS, Instant Messaging, Presence, E-mail
• IPv6 will have an important role in the near future mobile terminals.
• Mobile terminals become multi-application devices, but optimized for one
use motivation.


Nokia IPv6 Message
• Why IPv6 - Practically infinite address space and improved support for
IP mobility provides a generic platform for implementing the mobile
Internet paradigm. IPv6, perceived as the way to go towards next
generation Internet, is a major differentiating instrument for Nokia.
• Transition to IPv6 - To help operators, Nokia promotes and supports
a number of transition mechanisms for a smooth transition to IPv6
during the transition period.
• IPv6 in Nokia Solutions - Nokia as one of the very first drivers of
IPv6 is determined to be the front runner also in IPv6 commercial
offering: IPv6 enabled terminals, 2G GPRS, 3G, and All-IP system
solutions during 2002-2004.
• Enhanced Mobility - Mobile IPv6 is seen as an enabler for
implementing an enhanced notion of IP and cellular mobility. A
promising use case for Mobile IPv6 is to create service mobility whilst
on the move within a multi-access environment. A Mobile IPv6 based
roaming solution between WLAN and GPRS access technologies is seen
as the first step in this direction.
• Standardization - Nokia is committed to drive IPv6 to
standardization bodies (IETF, 3GPP) and is active in many related
34 © NOKIA international Forums (IPv6 Forum).
FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

http://www.nokia.com/IPv6

Thank You!


Ipv6 in Standardisation
• 3GPP rel 5 IMS the main target
•based on IPv6 and SIP, IETF working on both,
motivation is high, schedules tight
• Rel 5 based terminals support IPv6 for connection to
services provided by IMS
• The IPv4/IPv6 interworking principles for IMS is
still under study
•PDP type IPv6 in rel 99 (GPRS)

•3GPP2 is also considering IPv6

•MIPv6 ready in 2002
•missing: authentication, seamless hand over, fast-
hand-over, mobility with QoS and header
compression

• Significant research work ongoing around IPv6


Network Example


Mobile Terminals as a Driver for IPv6 Deployment

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