http://www.indxx.com/calculation.php - INDXX, LLC has been granted a license by Global X Management Company LLC to use SuperDividendTM. SuperDividendTM is a trademark of Global X Management Company LLC.
This document provides an overview of share capital of a company, including key terms like shares, stock, equity shares, and preference shares. It discusses the types of shares a company can issue like cumulative/non-cumulative preference shares. It also summarizes SEBI guidelines for public issues, such as a minimum 25% of issue size being offered to public and minimum application amounts. The document is intended to introduce concepts related to the capital structure and financing of a company.
This document outlines Accounting Standard 20 on earnings per share (EPS) in India. It provides definitions and guidelines for calculating basic EPS and diluted EPS. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing net profit by the weighted average number of outstanding shares. Diluted EPS is also required to be disclosed, though small and medium companies are exempt from this requirement. The standard aims to improve comparability of financial performance across companies and periods.
MBA Finance Project Report By Shobhit Jain.Shobhit Jain
The document discusses the conceptual overview of dividend decision policy. It defines dividend decision as the policy formulated regarding earnings distribution to shareholders versus retention. Key points discussed include:
- Factors influencing dividend decisions like liquidity, earnings stability, financing needs, and legal requirements.
- Forms of dividends like cash, stock, and property dividends.
- Models of dividend policy including Walter's, Gordon's, and Modigliani-Miller models.
- Dimensions considered in dividend policy including stability, mean payout ratio, and questions around growth versus return of capital to shareholders.
The document provides an overview of the conceptual factors involved in a company's dividend decision-making process.
The document defines key terms related to group accounts and consolidated financial statements. It discusses how a group is defined as a set of companies controlled by the same parent company. Control is defined as having over 50% of voting rights or the power to govern financial/operating policies. The document outlines the accounting treatment for subsidiaries, associates, joint ventures, and different group structures. It discusses the legal requirements for consolidated financial statements and the consolidation process according to IFRS standards.
This document discusses holding companies and subsidiaries. It defines a holding company as one that acquires over 50% of another company's shares, making it a subsidiary. Advantages of holding companies include separate identities and financial reporting for subsidiaries, while disadvantages include potential manipulation and lack of minority shareholder protection. The Companies Act of 1956 provides the legal definition of a subsidiary. Consolidated financial statements must be prepared that combine the holding company and subsidiaries' balance sheets, income statements, and other reports. Capital profits, minority interests, investments, and other items require special treatment and calculations in consolidation.
This document provides an overview of corporation accounting, including:
1) It discusses the process of forming a corporation through incorporation and securing equity financing through the issuance of stock. Some key advantages and disadvantages of the corporate form are outlined.
2) It covers different financing options like debt versus equity, and how stocks work on private and public corporations. The roles of common stock and preferred stock are defined.
3) Key terms related to stock like authorized shares, issued shares, outstanding shares, and treasury stock are explained.
The document provides an overview of accounting practices related to consolidation of financial statements for holding companies and their subsidiaries. It defines key terms like holding company, subsidiary, minority interest, and pre-acquisition profit/loss. It also describes the legal requirements for disclosure in a holding company's financial statements and the process for consolidating the balance sheets and income statements of a holding company and its subsidiaries.
This document provides an overview of share capital of a company, including key terms like shares, stock, equity shares, and preference shares. It discusses the types of shares a company can issue like cumulative/non-cumulative preference shares. It also summarizes SEBI guidelines for public issues, such as a minimum 25% of issue size being offered to public and minimum application amounts. The document is intended to introduce concepts related to the capital structure and financing of a company.
This document outlines Accounting Standard 20 on earnings per share (EPS) in India. It provides definitions and guidelines for calculating basic EPS and diluted EPS. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing net profit by the weighted average number of outstanding shares. Diluted EPS is also required to be disclosed, though small and medium companies are exempt from this requirement. The standard aims to improve comparability of financial performance across companies and periods.
MBA Finance Project Report By Shobhit Jain.Shobhit Jain
The document discusses the conceptual overview of dividend decision policy. It defines dividend decision as the policy formulated regarding earnings distribution to shareholders versus retention. Key points discussed include:
- Factors influencing dividend decisions like liquidity, earnings stability, financing needs, and legal requirements.
- Forms of dividends like cash, stock, and property dividends.
- Models of dividend policy including Walter's, Gordon's, and Modigliani-Miller models.
- Dimensions considered in dividend policy including stability, mean payout ratio, and questions around growth versus return of capital to shareholders.
The document provides an overview of the conceptual factors involved in a company's dividend decision-making process.
The document defines key terms related to group accounts and consolidated financial statements. It discusses how a group is defined as a set of companies controlled by the same parent company. Control is defined as having over 50% of voting rights or the power to govern financial/operating policies. The document outlines the accounting treatment for subsidiaries, associates, joint ventures, and different group structures. It discusses the legal requirements for consolidated financial statements and the consolidation process according to IFRS standards.
This document discusses holding companies and subsidiaries. It defines a holding company as one that acquires over 50% of another company's shares, making it a subsidiary. Advantages of holding companies include separate identities and financial reporting for subsidiaries, while disadvantages include potential manipulation and lack of minority shareholder protection. The Companies Act of 1956 provides the legal definition of a subsidiary. Consolidated financial statements must be prepared that combine the holding company and subsidiaries' balance sheets, income statements, and other reports. Capital profits, minority interests, investments, and other items require special treatment and calculations in consolidation.
This document provides an overview of corporation accounting, including:
1) It discusses the process of forming a corporation through incorporation and securing equity financing through the issuance of stock. Some key advantages and disadvantages of the corporate form are outlined.
2) It covers different financing options like debt versus equity, and how stocks work on private and public corporations. The roles of common stock and preferred stock are defined.
3) Key terms related to stock like authorized shares, issued shares, outstanding shares, and treasury stock are explained.
The document provides an overview of accounting practices related to consolidation of financial statements for holding companies and their subsidiaries. It defines key terms like holding company, subsidiary, minority interest, and pre-acquisition profit/loss. It also describes the legal requirements for disclosure in a holding company's financial statements and the process for consolidating the balance sheets and income statements of a holding company and its subsidiaries.
Corporations have several key characteristics including separate legal entity status, limited liability for shareholders, transferable ownership through share trading, and continuous life regardless of ownership changes. A corporation is formed through registration and establishes a board of directors elected by shareholders to oversee policy and delegate daily operations. Financial statements include an income statement, statement of retained earnings, and balance sheet that account for transactions involving shares, earnings, dividends and retained earnings.
Prepared by CA Sandesh Mundra - An exhaustive presentation on Consolidation of Accounts covering the Standards - AS 21, AS23 and AS 27 with indepth analysis of the finer aspects involved.
- Principal Financial Group reported strong third quarter 2013 earnings results, with operating earnings per share of $0.90.
- The company uses non-GAAP measures to evaluate performance in addition to GAAP measures, and provides reconciliations between the two.
- Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations.
- Key metrics showed strong investment performance across mutual funds and separate accounts, with over 80% in the top two quartiles over various periods.
STR 581 Capstone Final Examination Part 2 - Studentehelpstudent ehelp
Learn more at lower prices, Course STR 581 Capstone Final Examination, Part Two with entire test paper are offered. You can also choose according to your syllabus of STR 581 Capstone Final Examination.
The document discusses several questions or cases related to consolidation of financial statements under IAS 27. It addresses questions about whether consolidated financial statements are required when subsidiaries are sold during the year or when a parent company has over 100 subsidiaries. It also discusses cases involving joint control of subsidiaries, situations where a parent owns over 50% voting power but does not intend to control the subsidiary, indirect ownership of a subsidiary, and how to treat intermediary subsidiaries that each own a portion of another subsidiary. Additional topics covered include goodwill calculation when control restrictions are later removed, whether consolidation is required if a company is fully funded but does not own equity, and definitions related to consolidated financial statements.
Capital budgeting is the process used by organizations to determine whether long-term investments are worth pursuing. It involves evaluating investments using formal methods like net present value, internal rate of return, and payback period. Dividend policy refers to a company's decision to retain or distribute profits to shareholders as dividends. Factors that influence dividend policy include stability of earnings, liquidity, needs for additional capital, government policies, taxation, and past dividend rates. Tech Mahindra is an Indian IT services company that provides consulting and services to telecommunications companies globally.
This document provides an introduction and overview of consolidated financial statements. It defines key terms like group, holding company, subsidiary company, wholly owned subsidiary, and partly owned subsidiary. It explains the purpose of preparing consolidated financial statements is to present the financial position and results of a parent company and its subsidiaries as a single economic entity. The document outlines the requirements of Accounting Standard 21 for preparing consolidated financial statements, including presenting a consolidated balance sheet, income statement, cash flow statement, and notes. It provides the objectives, general principles and checklist for preparation of consolidated financial statements.
Balancing the Distribution of Income: Factors Affecting Decision Making with ...David Kyson
The following report has been produced to critically explore existing literature concerned with dividend and investment policies. It investigates the factors, both internal and external, that may act as motivators when private listed companies are in the decision making process of how best to distribute retained earnings.
Benefits have been deduced for the two differing distribution policies, whilst critiquing the supporting literature to create a balanced and reliable view of both strategies. There is research indicating dividend policies can be a useful indicator for accounting fraud, although this is has been disputed by some. External factors such as tax and exchange rates have been found to have an effect on dividend policies, though there is contrasting evidence as to the permanence of the effect.
The role of the shareholders has also been investigated, finding that shareholders will often be attracted to companies directly because of their policies and may possibly pull their investment should the policy change. Different theories have been applied and critiqued in this section of the report.
To calculate a company's average tax rate an analyst would
The accumulated benefit obligation measures
The major difference between accounting for pensions and the accounting for other postretirement benefits is that firms
This document discusses consolidated financial statements and the process of consolidation. It defines a group as a parent company that controls one or more subsidiary companies. The key points are:
- Consolidated financial statements combine the financial statements of a parent and its subsidiaries to present them as a single entity.
- The consolidation process involves replacing the parent's cost of investment with its share of the subsidiary's net assets. It also credits the parent's reserves with its share of the subsidiary's post-acquisition reserves.
- Goodwill arises as the difference between the cost of acquisition and the acquirer's interest in the fair value of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination.
Solutions Manual for Advanced Accounting 11th Edition by BeamsZiaPace
Full download : https://downloadlink.org/p/solutions-manual-for-advanced-accounting-11th-edition-by-beams/ Solutions Manual for Advanced Accounting 11th Edition by Beams
This document discusses retained earnings and dividends. It defines retained earnings as profits generated by a corporation that are retained for future use. When dividends are declared, they reduce retained earnings. Dividends can be paid in cash, property, or additional shares. The document outlines the accounting entries for declaring and paying different types of dividends, including cash, property, share dividends, and liquidating dividends. It also discusses the effects of share splits.
The document defines dividends and outlines the legal regime governing dividends in India according to the Companies Act of 1956. It discusses how dividends are declared based on profits, the process for declaring interim and final dividends, requirements for transferring unpaid dividends, and principles related to divisible profits. Key points include:
1) A dividend is a payment made to shareholders from current or past year profits. Companies can retain profits or pay them as dividends.
2) Dividends must be recommended by the board and declared by shareholders. They are paid from current or past profits after accounting for depreciation.
3) Unpaid dividends must be transferred to a special account within 7 days, and un
The document discusses various aspects of share capital of a company including:
1. Share capital refers to the total amount of money raised by a company through the issue of shares to private and public sources. It is divided into units called shares that are held by shareholders.
2. There are various types of share capital such as authorized/nominal capital, issued capital, called up capital, paid up capital, and types of shares like equity, preference, redeemable, non-redeemable etc.
3. The capital structure and types of shares can be altered through procedures like increase in authorized capital, consolidation/sub-division of shares, conversion of shares into stock etc. as permitted by law.
The document discusses Principal Financial Group's use of non-GAAP financial measures to evaluate performance. It states that these measures are useful for investors to understand the company's normal operations, but are not a substitute for GAAP measures. The company provides reconciliations between non-GAAP and GAAP measures. Management also uses non-GAAP measures for goal setting and compensation.
Capital Structure & Financial Leverage Analysis of Software Industryanujsurana
The document analyzes the capital structure and financial leverage of software companies compared to other industries. It finds that software companies typically do not use debt financing and instead rely on internal cash flows and cash balances. This is because the business risks facing software companies are high due to volatility in intangible assets. Maintaining high liquidity allows software firms to adapt quickly and reduces their overall risk without taking on additional financial risk from debt.
The document discusses the process of preparing a consolidated balance sheet for a holding company and its subsidiaries. It provides a 4 step process: 1) collecting basic information on acquisition date, ownership percentage, pre/post-acquisition periods, 2) analyzing profits and reserves for pre-acquisition periods, 3) calculating the cost of control and goodwill, and 4) calculating minority interest. It also discusses the treatment of various items like unrealized profits, intercompany transactions, contingent liabilities, unclaimed dividends and others in the consolidated balance sheet.
The document discusses capital structure, factors that affect capital structure decisions, financial and business risk, target capital structure decisions, and theoretical approaches to capital structure. It also covers dividend distribution policy, factors affecting policy, types of policies, payment methods, and examples of dividend policies for companies.
Here are ten drafting materials and tools/drawing instruments I found in the puzzle:
1. Eraser
2. Pencil
3. Compass
4. T-square
5. Protractor
6. Divider
7. Triangle
8. Scale
9. Masking tape
10. Drawing board
This document presents a case study on the project appraisal system of Andhra Pradesh State Financial Corporation. It discusses the company profile, functions, and project appraisal process. The project appraisal process involves evaluating promoters, technical, financial, market and risk aspects of a proposed project. A theoretical framework is provided covering various stages of appraisal like promoter evaluation, technical, financial and market evaluation, risk assessment, and credit rating. Finally, a case study of a specific project appraisal is presented covering aspects like technical details, project costs, means of finance, economics of operations, and risk analysis.
This document is a thesis written by Wilson Dwinanda Putra submitted in partial fulfillment of a Bachelor of Science degree. The thesis investigates the production of bioactive peptides from red bean, mung bean, and soy bean using bromelain enzyme extracted from pineapple, and evaluates the antioxidant and antihypertensive effects of the bioactive peptides produced. Bromelain enzyme was mixed with protein extracts from the various beans and hydrolyzed for different time periods to produce bioactive peptides. The peptides were then tested for their ability to scavenge DPPH radicals, reduce ferric ions, and inhibit the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) to evaluate their antioxidant and antihypertensive properties,
Corporations have several key characteristics including separate legal entity status, limited liability for shareholders, transferable ownership through share trading, and continuous life regardless of ownership changes. A corporation is formed through registration and establishes a board of directors elected by shareholders to oversee policy and delegate daily operations. Financial statements include an income statement, statement of retained earnings, and balance sheet that account for transactions involving shares, earnings, dividends and retained earnings.
Prepared by CA Sandesh Mundra - An exhaustive presentation on Consolidation of Accounts covering the Standards - AS 21, AS23 and AS 27 with indepth analysis of the finer aspects involved.
- Principal Financial Group reported strong third quarter 2013 earnings results, with operating earnings per share of $0.90.
- The company uses non-GAAP measures to evaluate performance in addition to GAAP measures, and provides reconciliations between the two.
- Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations.
- Key metrics showed strong investment performance across mutual funds and separate accounts, with over 80% in the top two quartiles over various periods.
STR 581 Capstone Final Examination Part 2 - Studentehelpstudent ehelp
Learn more at lower prices, Course STR 581 Capstone Final Examination, Part Two with entire test paper are offered. You can also choose according to your syllabus of STR 581 Capstone Final Examination.
The document discusses several questions or cases related to consolidation of financial statements under IAS 27. It addresses questions about whether consolidated financial statements are required when subsidiaries are sold during the year or when a parent company has over 100 subsidiaries. It also discusses cases involving joint control of subsidiaries, situations where a parent owns over 50% voting power but does not intend to control the subsidiary, indirect ownership of a subsidiary, and how to treat intermediary subsidiaries that each own a portion of another subsidiary. Additional topics covered include goodwill calculation when control restrictions are later removed, whether consolidation is required if a company is fully funded but does not own equity, and definitions related to consolidated financial statements.
Capital budgeting is the process used by organizations to determine whether long-term investments are worth pursuing. It involves evaluating investments using formal methods like net present value, internal rate of return, and payback period. Dividend policy refers to a company's decision to retain or distribute profits to shareholders as dividends. Factors that influence dividend policy include stability of earnings, liquidity, needs for additional capital, government policies, taxation, and past dividend rates. Tech Mahindra is an Indian IT services company that provides consulting and services to telecommunications companies globally.
This document provides an introduction and overview of consolidated financial statements. It defines key terms like group, holding company, subsidiary company, wholly owned subsidiary, and partly owned subsidiary. It explains the purpose of preparing consolidated financial statements is to present the financial position and results of a parent company and its subsidiaries as a single economic entity. The document outlines the requirements of Accounting Standard 21 for preparing consolidated financial statements, including presenting a consolidated balance sheet, income statement, cash flow statement, and notes. It provides the objectives, general principles and checklist for preparation of consolidated financial statements.
Balancing the Distribution of Income: Factors Affecting Decision Making with ...David Kyson
The following report has been produced to critically explore existing literature concerned with dividend and investment policies. It investigates the factors, both internal and external, that may act as motivators when private listed companies are in the decision making process of how best to distribute retained earnings.
Benefits have been deduced for the two differing distribution policies, whilst critiquing the supporting literature to create a balanced and reliable view of both strategies. There is research indicating dividend policies can be a useful indicator for accounting fraud, although this is has been disputed by some. External factors such as tax and exchange rates have been found to have an effect on dividend policies, though there is contrasting evidence as to the permanence of the effect.
The role of the shareholders has also been investigated, finding that shareholders will often be attracted to companies directly because of their policies and may possibly pull their investment should the policy change. Different theories have been applied and critiqued in this section of the report.
To calculate a company's average tax rate an analyst would
The accumulated benefit obligation measures
The major difference between accounting for pensions and the accounting for other postretirement benefits is that firms
This document discusses consolidated financial statements and the process of consolidation. It defines a group as a parent company that controls one or more subsidiary companies. The key points are:
- Consolidated financial statements combine the financial statements of a parent and its subsidiaries to present them as a single entity.
- The consolidation process involves replacing the parent's cost of investment with its share of the subsidiary's net assets. It also credits the parent's reserves with its share of the subsidiary's post-acquisition reserves.
- Goodwill arises as the difference between the cost of acquisition and the acquirer's interest in the fair value of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination.
Solutions Manual for Advanced Accounting 11th Edition by BeamsZiaPace
Full download : https://downloadlink.org/p/solutions-manual-for-advanced-accounting-11th-edition-by-beams/ Solutions Manual for Advanced Accounting 11th Edition by Beams
This document discusses retained earnings and dividends. It defines retained earnings as profits generated by a corporation that are retained for future use. When dividends are declared, they reduce retained earnings. Dividends can be paid in cash, property, or additional shares. The document outlines the accounting entries for declaring and paying different types of dividends, including cash, property, share dividends, and liquidating dividends. It also discusses the effects of share splits.
The document defines dividends and outlines the legal regime governing dividends in India according to the Companies Act of 1956. It discusses how dividends are declared based on profits, the process for declaring interim and final dividends, requirements for transferring unpaid dividends, and principles related to divisible profits. Key points include:
1) A dividend is a payment made to shareholders from current or past year profits. Companies can retain profits or pay them as dividends.
2) Dividends must be recommended by the board and declared by shareholders. They are paid from current or past profits after accounting for depreciation.
3) Unpaid dividends must be transferred to a special account within 7 days, and un
The document discusses various aspects of share capital of a company including:
1. Share capital refers to the total amount of money raised by a company through the issue of shares to private and public sources. It is divided into units called shares that are held by shareholders.
2. There are various types of share capital such as authorized/nominal capital, issued capital, called up capital, paid up capital, and types of shares like equity, preference, redeemable, non-redeemable etc.
3. The capital structure and types of shares can be altered through procedures like increase in authorized capital, consolidation/sub-division of shares, conversion of shares into stock etc. as permitted by law.
The document discusses Principal Financial Group's use of non-GAAP financial measures to evaluate performance. It states that these measures are useful for investors to understand the company's normal operations, but are not a substitute for GAAP measures. The company provides reconciliations between non-GAAP and GAAP measures. Management also uses non-GAAP measures for goal setting and compensation.
Capital Structure & Financial Leverage Analysis of Software Industryanujsurana
The document analyzes the capital structure and financial leverage of software companies compared to other industries. It finds that software companies typically do not use debt financing and instead rely on internal cash flows and cash balances. This is because the business risks facing software companies are high due to volatility in intangible assets. Maintaining high liquidity allows software firms to adapt quickly and reduces their overall risk without taking on additional financial risk from debt.
The document discusses the process of preparing a consolidated balance sheet for a holding company and its subsidiaries. It provides a 4 step process: 1) collecting basic information on acquisition date, ownership percentage, pre/post-acquisition periods, 2) analyzing profits and reserves for pre-acquisition periods, 3) calculating the cost of control and goodwill, and 4) calculating minority interest. It also discusses the treatment of various items like unrealized profits, intercompany transactions, contingent liabilities, unclaimed dividends and others in the consolidated balance sheet.
The document discusses capital structure, factors that affect capital structure decisions, financial and business risk, target capital structure decisions, and theoretical approaches to capital structure. It also covers dividend distribution policy, factors affecting policy, types of policies, payment methods, and examples of dividend policies for companies.
Here are ten drafting materials and tools/drawing instruments I found in the puzzle:
1. Eraser
2. Pencil
3. Compass
4. T-square
5. Protractor
6. Divider
7. Triangle
8. Scale
9. Masking tape
10. Drawing board
This document presents a case study on the project appraisal system of Andhra Pradesh State Financial Corporation. It discusses the company profile, functions, and project appraisal process. The project appraisal process involves evaluating promoters, technical, financial, market and risk aspects of a proposed project. A theoretical framework is provided covering various stages of appraisal like promoter evaluation, technical, financial and market evaluation, risk assessment, and credit rating. Finally, a case study of a specific project appraisal is presented covering aspects like technical details, project costs, means of finance, economics of operations, and risk analysis.
This document is a thesis written by Wilson Dwinanda Putra submitted in partial fulfillment of a Bachelor of Science degree. The thesis investigates the production of bioactive peptides from red bean, mung bean, and soy bean using bromelain enzyme extracted from pineapple, and evaluates the antioxidant and antihypertensive effects of the bioactive peptides produced. Bromelain enzyme was mixed with protein extracts from the various beans and hydrolyzed for different time periods to produce bioactive peptides. The peptides were then tested for their ability to scavenge DPPH radicals, reduce ferric ions, and inhibit the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) to evaluate their antioxidant and antihypertensive properties,
The document outlines guidelines and policies for BSAMIT student project papers at Far Eastern University. It details the 4 stages of project papers: 1) preliminary proposal writing, 2) full proposal writing, 3) proposal submission, and 4) final defense. It also describes the roles and responsibilities of students, advisers, defense panels, and the thesis coordinator throughout the project paper process. Finally, it provides formatting requirements and outlines for project paper proposals and documents.
The document is an application for presentation of a thesis proposal by Fatima P. Carpizo at Mindanao State University. It provides details of the student, thesis proposal title, date and time of presentation, committee members who will evaluate the proposal, and signatures of approval from the adviser and dean. The proposal is on teaching proficiency and problems encountered by teachers in implementing the K-12 program. The student is seeking approval to present and defend her thesis proposal.
This document provides lecture notes on stores management and stock control. It covers various topics related to stores management including the importance of stores management, identification and coding of materials, records and related systems, stock taking and checking, stock control, economic order quantity, stock levels, and warehousing location and security.
The key points covered are: the importance of efficient stores management for business success; classification and codification of materials to facilitate management; the relationships between the stores department and other departments like production and sales; common classification categories for materials; advantages of codification systems; and characteristics of effective codification systems. Common codification methods like alphabetical, numerical, and alphanumeric systems are also discussed.
The dividend policies of an organization have a significant bearing on the market value of stocks. Companies must distribute dividends in line with the industry standards and previously distributed dividends by the company. The shareholders will otherwise perceive this variability negatively. It casts suspicion on the financial health and motives of the management (signaling effect). In aggregate, an inefficient dividend decision mechanism would adversely impact the valuation of the company.
Table of Contents
What are Dividend Decisions?
Impact of Dividend Decisions on Price
Factors affecting Dividend Decisions
Cash Requirement
Evaluation of Price Sensitivity
Stage of Growth
Good Dividend Policy
Importance of Dividend Decisions
Q. How much Dividend should a Company Distribute to its Shareholders?
Q. What will be the Impact of Dividend Decisions on the Share Prices of the Company?
Q. What is the Consequential Impact of Inability to Maintain Dividend Year after Year?
Types of Dividend Decision
Stable Dividends
Constant Dividends
Alternate Dividend Decisions
Factors affecting Dividend Decisions
Cash Requirement
The financial manager must take into account the capital fund requirements while framing a dividend policy. Generous distribution of dividends in capital-intensive periods may put the company in financial distress.
Evaluation of Price Sensitivity
Companies chosen by investors for their regularity of dividends must have a more stringent dividend policy than others. It becomes essential for such companies to take effective dividend decisions for maintaining stock prices.
Stage of Growth
Dividend decisions must be in line with the stage of the company- infancy, growth, maturity & decline. Each stage undergoes different conditions and therefore calls for different dividend decisions.
Good Dividend Policy
What Constitutes a Good Dividend Policy?
There does not exist a single dividend decision process that works for every organization. A decision suitable for one company may prove fatal for another company. For example, businesses with a consistent order book such as telecom and banking are expected to pay regular dividends. It may impact the stock prices if they do not pay dividends regularly. On the contrary, sectors of pharmaceutical and technology are highly research-oriented. These require huge cash expenses to further their operations. Therefore they cannot afford to pay a regular dividend. Investors of such stocks earn income mainly through capital appreciation. In essence, there are a lot of factors affecting dividend policy or decisions.
We can refer to the following renowned theories on Dividend Policy:
Modigliani- Miller Theory on Dividend Policy
Gordon’s Theory on Dividend Policy
Walter’s Theory on Dividend Policy
A good financial manager must, therefore, answer the following questions before taking crucial dividend decisions
Importance of Dividend Decisions
While deciding the distribution of dividends, management has to answe
The document discusses dividend policy and its relationship to a firm's market value. It defines dividend policy as a board's decision on distributing residual earnings to shareholders. Different types of dividends are covered, including cash, stock, and liquidating dividends. The mechanics of declaring and paying cash dividends are explained. Modigliani and Miller's dividend irrelevance theorem and its assumptions are summarized, along with arguments for why dividends may matter in the real world due to factors like taxes, risk, and investor preferences.
Companies earn revenue from sales and other operations which is used to pay expenses, interest on borrowed capital, and taxes. Any remaining amount is profit which can be used to pay dividends to shareholders or retain in reserves. Dividends are distributions of a company's profits to shareholders that are recommended by the board of directors and approved by shareholders. They are considered a reward or return on the shareholders' investment in the company and are paid out of current year profits or retained earnings.
1. A dividend is a distribution of a company's earnings to shareholders that is decided by the board of directors and indicates a company's positive future and strong performance.
2. There are several types of dividends including cash dividends, which are the most common and paid in cash; bonus shares which are additional shares given to shareholders; and share repurchases where a company buys back its own shares.
3. Several theories provide frameworks for determining optimal dividend policies including Walter's model which shows the relationship between a firm's internal rate of return and cost of capital, Gordon's model which relates market value to dividends, and Modigliani and Miller's hypothesis that dividend policy does not impact share
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT PPT BY FINMANDividend policy joseph agayatin&jezza deaunaMary Rose Habagat
This document discusses dividend policy and various types of dividends. It defines dividends as distributions to shareholders proportionate to share ownership. There are various types of dividends including cash, stock, and property dividends. The document outlines relevant dates for dividends including declaration, record, and payment dates. It also discusses the accounting entries related to dividends. Additionally, it covers dividend reinvestment plans, factors in determining dividend policy, and different approaches to dividend policy including constant payout ratio and regular dividend policies.
Ratio analysis involves evaluating a company's performance and financial health by comparing financial data over time and against industry benchmarks. There are several types of ratios that provide different insights. Liquidity ratios like the current ratio measure a company's ability to pay short-term debts, with a higher ratio indicating better coverage of current liabilities. Profitability ratios like return on assets indicate how efficiently a company generates profits relative to its assets, with a higher ratio generally being preferable. Ratio analysis is a key tool for fundamental analysis of a company's financial strength and operating efficiency.
1) The document provides an overview of key finance concepts related to equity, debt, and accounting. It defines terms like authorized shares, issued shares, outstanding shares, treasury stock, senior debt, subordinate debt, investment grade bonds, and retained earnings.
2) It explains how a company's revenue is distributed between debt holders and equity shareholders. Interest payments go to debt holders, taxes are paid, and any remaining earnings belong to equity shareholders.
3) The key components of shareholders' equity that must be reported on the balance sheet are paid-in capital, retained earnings, treasury stock, and accumulated other comprehensive income.
This document discusses dividend theory and policy. It explains that in the absence of dividends, corporate earnings accrue to shareholders as retained earnings that are automatically reinvested in the firm. However, when dividends are declared, those funds leave the firm permanently. The document then outlines several factors that determine a firm's dividend policy, including dividend payout ratio, stability of dividends, legal restrictions, and owners' considerations. It provides examples and explanations of different types of dividend payments, including cash dividends, stock dividends, stock splits, and share repurchases.
Corporate Reporting - Limited Companies: Statement of Comprehensive IncomeDayana Mastura FCCA CA
This document discusses key items that appear on the statement of comprehensive income (SOCI) for limited companies, including directors' remuneration, debenture interest, auditor's remuneration, and dividends. It explains that directors may receive fees or salaries, debenture interest is an expense of the company, and auditor's remuneration needs to be accrued. It also outlines the distributable profits calculation and factors directors must consider in determining dividend policy, such as available profits and cash needs. The SOCI format provided shows net profit, preference dividends, ordinary dividends, and retained profit calculations.
The document discusses factors influencing investment vehicle (SPV) decisions for structuring project funding. An SPV is a legal entity set up to manage risk, cost of capital, and control structure for a project. Investors in securitized instruments seek credit enhancements to reduce risk. Credit enhancements include internal mechanisms like credit tranching (senior/subordinate structures) and over-collateralization, as well as external guarantees or letters of credit. The document outlines various types of internal credit enhancements used in SPVs like credit tranching, over-collateralization, cash collateral accounts, spread accounts, and triggered amortization.
The document describes the key characteristics of common stock and bonds. It discusses that common stock represents ownership in a company and provides voting and dividend rights to shareholders. It also explains the purpose of initial public offerings and how they work. The document also defines what a bond is, including its par value, coupon rate, and maturity value. It lists the different types of bonds like treasury bonds, municipal bonds, and corporate bonds as well as floating rate and inflation-linked bonds.
1. The document provides information for a student's MBA course on Financial Management, including their name, registration number, course, subject, semester, and subject number.
2. It includes short notes questions on financial management, financial planning, capital structure, cost of capital, and trading on equity.
3. The document concludes with the student's responses to the short notes questions, providing definitions and explanations of the key concepts.
* Earnings of the company = Rs. 6,00,000 * 12% = Rs. 72,000
* Retention ratio (b) = 40%
* Growth rate (g) = b * r = 40% * 12% = 4.8%
* Cost of capital (Ke) = 10%
* Using Gordon's model:
P = (1-b) * E/ (Ke - g)
= (1-0.4) * Rs. 72,000 / (0.1 - 0.048)
= Rs. 12
If payout is 60%, P = Rs. 10
If payout is 20%, P = Rs. 15
So
A stock split increases the number of a company's outstanding shares by issuing more shares to existing shareholders, which decreases the price per share while keeping the company's total market value constant. Common stock splits include 2-for-1 and 3-for-1. While a stock split lowers the per-share price, it aims to increase liquidity and make the stock more affordable to small investors. However, it does not impact the underlying value of the company.
This document discusses dividend policy. It begins by defining dividend policy as a board's decision regarding how much of a company's earnings to distribute to shareholders. It then covers types of dividends including cash, stock, and liquidating dividends. It also discusses how dividends are a financing decision and how they differ from interest payments. The document then provides details on mechanics of dividend payments including declaration dates and payment dates. It covers dividend reinvestment plans and the effects of stock dividends, splits, and different payout approaches. Finally, it discusses Modigliani and Miller's dividend irrelevance theorem and residual theory of dividends, as well as how dividend policy works in practice compared to theory.
This document provides an overview of dividend and dividend policy concepts presented by Group A. It discusses the key types of dividends including cash and stock dividends. It also describes two dividend distribution models: the residual model and stable dividend model. The residual model prioritizes funding capital expenditures and pays dividends from remaining earnings, while the stable dividend model aims to maintain consistent dividend payments through approaches like a stable dividend per share or constant payout ratio. Investors generally prefer stability in dividend payments.
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- The December 2020 quarter saw record profits for Indian companies in the BSE200 set, which few would have predicted at the start of the fiscal year in April 2020 during the start of the COVID pandemic.
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1. www.indxx.com
Indxx SuperDividend U.S. Low Volatility Index
Methodology
INDXX, LLC has been granted a license by Global X Management Company LLC to use SuperDividendTM
.
SuperDividendTM
is a trademark of Global X Management Company LLC.
May 2014
2. 2
Table of Contents
Indxx SuperDividend U.S. Low Volatility Index......................................................................................3
Index Description....................................................................................................................................3
Selection Pool.........................................................................................................................................3
Index Creation Process.........................................................................................................................5
Corporate Actions.......................................................................................................................................6
Dividends.................................................................................................................................................6
Stock Split................................................................................................................................................7
Bonus Issue of Shares ..........................................................................................................................8
Rights Issue.............................................................................................................................................9
Spin Off..................................................................................................................................................10
Delisting.................................................................................................................................................11
Acquisition.............................................................................................................................................12
Merger....................................................................................................................................................13
Bankruptcy ............................................................................................................................................14
Temporary Delisting/Prolonged Trading Suspension.....................................................................15
Index Data .................................................................................................................................................16
Index Policy...............................................................................................................................................17
Disclaimer..................................................................................................................................................18
3. 3
Indxx SuperDividend U.S. Low Volatility Index
Index Description
The Indxx SuperDividend U.S. Low Volatility Index is a 50-stock equal weighted index designed
to measure the market performance of companies in the United States that have a high dividend
yield and low beta. The index was incorporated on February 29, 2008.
Selection Pool
Market Capitalization
Minimum market capitalization is set at US$ 500 million
Liquidity
• Minimum average daily turnover for 6 months has been set at US$ 1 million
• The stock should have traded for at least 90% of the total trading days over the last 6
months in its respective stock exchange
Domicile
A US company, for index purposes, should have the following characteristics:
• Domiciled in the US
• Listed on any of the US stock exchanges
Public Float
Public float or free float should be at least 10% of the total shares outstanding for each member
Beta
Beta of each constituent with respect to its local country benchmark, should be less than or
equal to 0.85
Dividend Yield
Trailing 12 month dividend yield of all constituents should be in the range of 1% - 20%. Each
constituent should have paid dividends consistently for the last 2 years and the current year
dividend should be greater than or equal to 50% of the previous year.
Security Type
Common Stocks, Master Limited Partnership and REITs
BDCs will not be considered for inclusion in the portfolio
Weighting
All constituents in the portfolios are equally weighted. Additionally, no one particular sector can
have a weight greater than 25% and MLPs should not constitute more than 20% of the index.
4. 4
Annual Reconstitution
1. Portfolio will be reconstituted once a year on the last business day in February (reconstitution
day). On the selection day (five business days before reconstitution day), a new selection pool
will be created.
2. All the existing index constituents, which appear in the top 200 companies, ranked by
dividend yield in the selection pool (top 200), will be retained.
3. Existing index constituents that are not part of the top 200 are replaced by the companies
with the largest dividend yield in the top 200, subject to sector and security cap.
4. Dividend forecast for selected constituents should be stable, i.e. there should be no official
announcement as of the selection day, that dividend payments are likely to be cancelled or
significantly reduced in the future.
Quarter Rebalance
Apart from the reconstitution, at the end of every quarter (five business days before the last
trading day in May, August and November), the index components are screened for dividend
cuts or an overall negative outlook concerning the companies’ dividend policy. A Company
excluded during these quarterly reviews will be replaced by a company in the top 200 that is
currently not an index member. This company will be given the same weight as the company
that is deleted, calculated as on the trading day before the rebalancing takes place. In case
more than one company is deleted, the cumulative weight of the companies is calculated and
distributed equally among the replacements.
5. 5
Index Creation Process
A master list of the securities is initially prepared from the applicable Index Universe by applying
the criteria of market capitalization and beta. All companies with (i) market capitalization below
US$ 500 million and (ii) a beta of more than 0.85 are eliminated. The remaining companies are
screened for turnover and companies with a 6-month average daily turnover of less than US$ 1
million are eliminated. Thereafter, the dividend yield for the remaining companies is calculated.
All companies with dividend yields below 1% or above 20% are then removed to obtain a
'Selection List'.
The Selection List is ranked according to dividend yield and checked for dividend consistency in
the last 2 years. Companies which do not display consistent dividends are removed and public
float for the remaining companies is checked. Companies, which do not have at least 10% of
public float, are removed to arrive at the 'Selection pool'.
The selection pool is ranked by dividend yield and top 200 companies are selected. To
determine the initial composition, the companies in the selection pool are ranked in descending
order according to their dividend yield. The 50 companies with the largest dividend yield on that
day are chosen as index constituents. All constituents in the portfolios are equally weighted.
Additionally, no one particular sector can have a weight greater than 25% and MLPs should not
constitute more than 20% of the index. On the annual reconstitution day, existing index
constituents, which are not part of the top 200 companies, will be replaced by the company with
the largest dividend yield that is currently not an index member, subject to sector and security
cap.
6. 6
Corporate Actions
Corporate actions (such as stock splits, dividends, spin-offs and rights offerings) are applied on
the ex-date. The impact and adjustment of various corporate actions are discussed below.
Dividends
Meaning
Dividends are payments made by a corporation to its shareholder members. It is the portion of
corporate profits paid out to stockholders. When a corporation earns a profit or surplus, that
money can be put to two uses: it can either be re-invested in the business (called retained
earnings), or it can be paid to the shareholders as a dividend. Many corporations retain a
portion of their earnings and pay the remainder as a dividend.
Dividends must be "declared" (approved) by a company’s Board of Directors each time they are
paid. For public companies, there are four important dates to remember regarding dividends.
1. Declaration Date: Is the day the Board of Directors announces its intention to pay a
dividend. On the declaration date, the Board will also announce Date of Record and
Payment Date.
2. In-dividend Date: Is the last day, which is one trading day before the ex-dividend date,
where the stock is said to be cum dividend ('with dividend').
3. Ex-dividend Date: Is the day on which all shares bought and sold no longer come
attached with the right to be paid the most recently declared dividend. Typically, its 2
trading days before the record date for U.S. securities.
4. Payment Date: Is the day when the dividend checks will actually be mailed to the
shareholders of a company or credited to brokerage accounts.
Impact on Index
Dividends payments impact the total return index calculation. The price return index calculations
as well as the number of shares remain unaffected.
Adjustment in the Index
Dividend payments will be reinvested in the total return index on the ex-dividend date. This
means that going forward this additional money will be used to buy additional shares in the
future.
7. 7
Stock Split
Meaning
All publicly-traded companies have a set number of shares that are outstanding on the stock
market. A stock split is a decision by the company's board of directors to increase the number of
shares that are outstanding by issuing more shares to current shareholders. For example, in a
2-for-1 stock split, every shareholder with one stock is given an additional share. So, if a
company had 10 million shares outstanding before the split, it will have 20 million shares
outstanding after a 2-for-1 split.
A stock's price is also affected by a stock split. After a split, the stock price will be reduced since
the number of shares outstanding has increased. In the example of a 2-for-1 split, the share
price will be halved. Thus, although the number of outstanding shares and the stock price
change, the market capitalization remains constant. A stock split is usually done by companies
that have seen their share price increase to levels that are either too high or are beyond the
price levels of similar companies in their sector. The primary motive is to make shares seem
more affordable to small investors even though the underlying value of the company has not
changed.
Impact on Index
Stock splits impact the number of shares in both the total and price return indices. There is no
impact on the index divisor.
Adjustment in the Index
Stock splits will be adjusted for in the total and price return indices on the ex- date. The number
of shares will increase times the adjustment factor for the split. For example if a company has
announced a 2-for-1 stock split, the adjustment factor for the same will be 2/1=2. The number of
shares in this case will be multiplied by 2.
8. 8
Bonus Issue of Shares
Meaning
A bonus share is a free share of stock given to current/existing shareholders in a company,
based upon the number of shares that the shareholder already owns at the time of
announcement of the bonus. While the issue of bonus shares increases the total number of
shares issued and owned, it does not increase the value of the company. Although the total
number of issued shares increases, the ratio of number of shares held by each shareholder
remains constant. New shares are issued to shareholders in proportion to their holdings. For
example, the company may give one bonus share for every five shares held.
Impact on Index
Bonus issue of shares impacts the number of shares in both the total and price return indices.
There is no impact on the index divisor.
Adjustment in the Index
Bonus issue of shares will be adjusted for in the total and price return indices on the ex- date.
The number of shares will increase times the adjustment factor for the bonus issue. For
example if a company has announced a 100% bonus, the adjustment factor for the same will be
2 i.e. one bonus share for every one share held. The number of shares in this case will be
multiplied by 2.
9. 9
Rights Issue
Meaning
Rights issue is an invitation to existing shareholders to purchase additional new shares in the
company. More specifically, this type of issue gives existing shareholders securities called
"rights", which, will, give the shareholders the right to purchase new shares at a discount to the
market price on a stated future date. The company is giving shareholders a chance to increase
their exposure to the stock at a discount price. But until the date at which the new shares can be
purchased, shareholders may trade the rights on the market the same way they would trade
ordinary shares. The rights issued to a shareholder have a value, thus compensating current
shareholders for the future dilution of their existing shares' value.
Impact on Index
Rights issue impacts the number of shares in both the total and price return indices. There will
be an impact on the divisors in both the total and price return indices.
Adjustment in the Index
Rights issue will be adjusted for in the total and price return indices on the ex- date. However
the adjustment for rights issue will take place only when the subscription price is less than the
stock price on ex-date. The subscription price is the price at which the company gives its
existing shareholders the right to purchase new shares.
10. 10
Spin Off
Meaning
Spin off is the creation of an independent company through the sale or distribution of new
shares of an existing business/division of a parent company. A spinoff is a type of divestiture.
Businesses wishing to 'streamline' their operations often sell less productive or unrelated
subsidiary businesses as spinoffs. The spun-off companies are expected to be worth more as
independent entities than as parts of a larger business.
In most cases, the parent company or organization offers support doing one or more of the
following:
Investing equity in the new firm,
Being the first customer of the spin-out (helps to create cash flow),
Providing incubation space (desk, chairs, phones, internet access, etc.) or
Providing services such as legal, finance, technology, etc.
Impact on Index
Spin off impacts the divisors in both the total and price return indices.
Adjustment in the Index
The adjustment for spin off is done on a case to case basis. The Index Committee will decide on
one of the following options based on internal research:
The parent company remains in the index and the spun off entity is deemed ineligible for
inclusion
The parent company is deemed ineligible to remain in the index however, the spun off
entity is deemed eligible for inclusion
Neither the parent company nor the spun off entity are eligible to be in the index. In this
case the Index Committee will decide whether to liquidate the parent company in the
index or replace it with the next best constituent according to the index methodology
11. 11
Delisting
Meaning
Delisting refers to the practice of removing the stock of a company from a stock exchange so
that investors can no longer trade shares of the stock on that exchange. This typically occurs
when a company goes out of business, declares bankruptcy, no longer satisfies the listing rules
of stock exchange, or has become a private company after a merger or acquisition, or wants to
reduce regulatory reporting complexities and overhead, or if the stock volumes on the exchange
from which it wishes to delist are not significant.
Impact on Index
Delisting of a security impacts the divisors in both the total and price return indices.
Adjustment in the Index
In the event a company is de-listed from the listed exchange, it will be removed from the index.
The Index Committee will decide whether to liquidate the stock in the index or to replace it with
the next best constituent according to the index methodology.
12. 12
Acquisition
Meaning
A corporate action in which a company buys most, if not all, of the target company's ownership
stakes in order to assume control of the target firm. Acquisitions are often made as part of a
company's growth strategy whereby it is more beneficial to take over an existing firm's
operations and niche compared to expanding on its own. Acquisitions are often paid in cash, the
acquiring company's stock or a combination of both. Acquisitions can be either friendly or
hostile.
Impact on Index
Acquisition of a security impacts the divisors in both the total and price return indices.
Adjustment in the Index
In the event a company is acquired, it will be removed from the index. The Index Committee will
decide whether to liquidate the stock in the index or to replace it with the next best constituent
according to the index methodology.
13. 13
Merger
Meaning
Merger is when two companies combine together to form a new company altogether. In other
words, it is the combination of two or more companies, generally by offering the stockholders of
one company securities in the acquiring company in exchange for the surrender of their stock.
Impact on Index
Merger impacts the divisors in both the total and price return indices.
Adjustment in the Index
In the event a company is merged, it will be removed from the index. The Index Committee will
decide whether to liquidate the stock in the index or to replace it with the next best constituent
according to the index methodology.
14. 14
Bankruptcy
Meaning
Bankruptcy is a legal proceeding involving a person or business that is unable to repay
outstanding debts. The bankruptcy process begins with a petition filed by the debtor (most
common) or on behalf of creditors (less common). All of the debtor's assets are measured and
evaluated, whereupon the assets are used to repay a portion of outstanding debt. Upon the
successful completion of bankruptcy proceedings, the debtor is relieved of the debt obligations
incurred prior to filing for bankruptcy.
Impact on Index
Bankruptcy of a security impacts the divisors in both the total and price return indices.
Adjustment in the Index
In the event a company is Bankrupt, it will be removed from the index. The Index Committee will
decide whether to liquidate the stock in the index or to replace it with the next best constituent
according to the index methodology.
15. 15
Temporary Delisting/Prolonged Trading Suspension
Meaning
A temporary delisting/trading suspension occurs when a security stops trading on the stock
exchange for a certain time period. This usually occurs when a publicly-traded company is going
to release significant news about itself. The suspension in trading for the affected security gives
investors time to review the news and assess its impact.
Impact on Index
A temporary delisting/trading suspension of a security impacts the divisors in both the total and
price return indices.
Adjustment in the Index
In the event a company is temporary delisted or trading suspension has taken place, it will be
removed from the index. The Index Committee will decide whether to liquidate the stock in the
index or to replace it with the next best constituent according to the index methodology.
16. 16
Index Data
Total Return Index
Ordinary cash dividends are applied on the ex-date for calculating the total return index.
“Special dividends” are those dividends that are outside of the normal payment pattern
established historically by the issuing corporation. Whether a dividend is funded from operating
earnings or from other sources of cash does not affect the determination of whether it is
ordinary or special. “Special dividends” are treated as corporate actions with offsetting price and
divisor adjustments; the total return index reflects both ordinary and special dividends.
Price Return Index
No dividends are applied to calculate the price return index.
17. 17
Index Policy
Index Committee Policy
The Index Committee is responsible for setting policy, determining index composition, and
administering the indices in accordance with the Indxx index methodology. The Index
Committee reserves the right to use qualitative judgment to include, exclude, adjust, or
postpone the inclusion of a stock. Continued index membership of a constituent is not
necessarily subject to the guidelines provided in each of the Indxx index methodology. A stock
may be considered for exclusion by the Index Committee on the basis of corporate governance,
accounting policies, lack of transparency and lack of representation, despite meeting all the
criteria provided in each of the Indxx index methodology.
Announcements
Announcements of additions and deletions of constituents, due to various corporate actions
mentioned above, in the middle of the year will be decided by the Index Committee. This will be
communicated to the client well ahead of time. Also important news items as well as corporate
actions with respect to all the constituents of the index will be informed to the client on a weekly
basis.
Holiday Schedule
The index is calculated when the U.S. equity markets are open. In situations where an
exchange is forced to close early due to unforeseen events, the index will be calculated based
on the closing prices published by the exchange, or if no closing price is available, the last
regular trade reported for each stock before the exchange closed.
18. 18
Disclaimer
This methodology document and all information contained herein including, without limitation, all text,
data, graphs, charts, visuals and theory (collectively, the “information”), were created by and is the sole
property of Indxx, LLC. Redistribution, reproduction and/or photocopying of this document in whole or part
is prohibited without written permission from Indxx. All information in this document provided by Indxx is
impersonal and not tailored to the needs of any person, entity or group. None of the information
constitutes an attempt at an offer to sell (or an attempt of an offer to buy), or a promotion or
recommendation of, any security, product, investment vehicle or any trading strategy, and Indxx does not
endorse, approve or otherwise express any opinion regarding any issuer, security, financial product,
instrument, or trading strategy. None of the information, Indxx indices, models, other products or services
contained herein is intended to constitute investment advice or a recommendation to make (or refrain
from making) any kind of investment decision and should not be relied on as such. A decision to invest in
any investment fund or other vehicle should not be made based solely on information or statements
contained in this document. Prospective investors are advised to make an investment in any such fund or
other vehicle only after carefully considering the risks, fees and expenses associated with investing, as
detailed in an offering memorandum or similar document that is prepared by or on behalf of the issuer of
the investment fund or other vehicle. Historical data, analysis and performance of Indxx indices should
not be taken as an indication or guarantee of any future performance. Indxx does not guarantee the
accuracy and/or completeness of any Indxx index, any data included herein, or any data from which it is
based, and Indxx shall have no liability for any errors, omissions, or interruptions therein. All information
in these materials in provided “as is” and the content may change without notice.
For more information on the index, please email info@indxx.com.
Learn more at www.indxx.com.