The document summarizes a student's psychology project comparing occupational health, safety, and job satisfaction between hazardous and non-hazardous occupations. It describes the student's rationale, methodology, analysis of survey results, and conclusion that while non-hazardous jobs generally provide better safety and satisfaction, hazardous jobs could too if management prioritizes workers' health and enforces safety protocols. It also reviews literature supporting how inadequate safety in hazardous work negatively impacts workers but can be mitigated by reputable management.

1. Name: Aryan Bhanage.
Roll number: 1136.
Subject: Psychology (Industrial Psychology).
Class: TYBA.
Semester: 6
Title: Comparison of occupational health, safety and job satisfaction
of people working in hazardous and non- hazardous occupations.

2. Title and Method:
Comparison of occupational health and safety of people working in hazardous
and non-hazardous working places.
The method used is the survey method.

3. Rationale:
There are a lot of work places such as factories and construction site where
occupational health and safety of people is a major concern as compared to
non- hazardous working places.
I wanted to see if occupational safety rules are actually being followed in
workplaces thatare hazardous as well as non-hazardous and also see if the
workers working aresatisfied with their jobs.

4. Materials required:
Pen pencil, eraser, scale, survey questionnairewhich had positive statements.

5. Methodology:
Survey method was used.
A survey was conducted wherefifteen people working in hazardous places and
fifteen in non-hazardous places weresurveyed.
The survey had some positive statements followed by 5 options which were
strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree and strongly agree.
Likert scale was used where ‘strongly disagree’ had 1 point, ‘disagree’ had 2
points, ‘neutral’ had 3 points, ‘agree’ had 4 points and ‘strongly agree’ had 5
points as the statements were positive statements.
One of the participant did not fill the whole survey and so was replaced by
another one.

6. Declaration:
I, Aryan Bhanageof D.G Ruparel collegehereby declare that I have completed
the projecttitled “Comparison of occupational health and safety of people
working in hazardous and non-hazardous places” in the subjectof Industrial
psychology. Itis the declaration of original work doneby me under the
guidance of Ruta Patwardhan madam.
Date:
Sign:

7. Analysis of data:
There are various jobs that are hazardous and also there are many which are
not. Hazardous jobs aretheone wherethe people working in it haveexposure
to harmful chemicals or could be life threatening. Construction sites, factory
workers, miners, etc are someof the hazardous jobs. In non-hazardousjobs,
there is usually no exposureto harmfulchemicals or is not life threatening.
People working in offices are example of non-hazardous jobs.
Exposureto chemicals commonly used in workplacecould haveshortterm or
long term health effects on various parts of the body. Itcould affect skin, lungs,
liver, and eyes too. According to the survey and data collected, there are many
factories in which the workers dealwith harmfulchemicals, and these
chemicals could affect skin. But the workers arenotat all having any exposure
to proper gloves or clothes that could avoid the contact of chemicals and the
skin of the workers. Thesechemicals could cause skin cancer or irritation in
skin. There are many workers who do not know the side effects of such
harmfulexposurebut are still working. They lack knowledgeabout the same.
There are also many workers who know thatit’s harmfulbut still engage in
work as they need to earn money. Buying equipment or clothes and gloves for
safety of self is found to be costly by the workers sometimes and thus don’t
buy them.
There are many factories which deal with metal things and workers are
continuously exposed to noiseand chaos. This noiseaffects the hearing of the
workers. Thereis no aid given for the workers thatcould help them to reduce
direct exposureto such harsh noise. Also in such places the workers need to
coordinate with other workers. Butthere is a lot of noise due to which they
have to raise their voice to talk. Also there could be chances of
discoordination. The workers also need to make moreuse of their wristor
hands to carry heavy metal and other heavy material to different places.
Apart fromfactories, there are many other occupations that are equally
harmful. Construction site workers is one such example. According to the
survey and data collected, there are a lot of sites where construction is being
carried out and there are many workers working in it who do not have
exposureto proper construction kit for safety. This kit includes jackets,
helmets, gloves, shoes, etc. Also there are many of the sites wherethe workers
have to work for long hours withoutany break which could lead to health
issues concerning back pain, stress and many more issues that could be an

8. alarming situation. Also the workers need to work in a bent and awkward
position for hours together which could lead to certain injuries in future. Being
exposed to dustand other particles could be a major problem as well. The
lunch hours of the workers wherethey eat food at the construction site itself
could be harmfulas the food too gets exposed to the dustparticles and dirt
present over there. The workers again cannot question or demand for the
safety kit to the management as being scared of getting fired from the work.
The workers arealso sometimes not aware aboutthe safety things that they
need for the job and even the management does not care. The workers also
need to work in poor light conditions and lack of hygienic facilities.
Mining is another threatening occupation where explosives are used and the
miners need to go deep and in dangerous and dark places. There is a need of
helmets, flashlights and strong ropes and machinery for this occupation. But to
some extent the miners are getting the benefits of the needed equipment.
There are also many jobs like food services, bank services, teaching, offices,
etc. where the exposure to hazardous substances likechemicals is a rare
scenario. Also many people working in non-hazardous places tend to show
more positive responsetowards their occupation or jobs. The survey tells that
these people are given someextra benefits such as medical leaves, proper
place to sit, proper working conditions wherethey can work efficiently. There
is proper light and good air ventilation, hygienic sanitary places and good
coordination with the management and the higher authority is willing to listen
to the problems of the workers working over there. The workers mostly know
about their responsibilities and their work which they need to perform.
There are still someoffices or non-hazardous working places wherethe staff
experiences some problems. Theseproblems may include lack of ventilation,
poor light, being seated at a same position for long hours, also in front of
computers which could be stressful. This is a case in someof the developing
offices. But when it comes to multinational companies the scenario is totally
different. The workers working thereareusually satisfied with their jobs. Such
multinational companies have a good coordination among the worker and
management.
But there are also some non-hazardous occupations wheretheworking
conditions are not up to the mark. The workers sometimes don’thave the
tools or facilities which they need to complete their task. Sometimes the
employees cannot put forward their views in frontof their management. Some

9. companies also are sometimes located in such areas which could be unsafeor
unhygienic. The infrastructureof the companies could sometimes not be good.
Sometimes there is burden on many employees to complete the targets in a
limited period of time. The surrounding of the firms could sometimes be bad
which the employees do not like.
But when it comes to comparison of both, hazardous and non- hazardous
occupation, the people working in the non -hazardous occupations tend to
show moresatisfaction or positive approach towards their occupation. This is
because of the facilities provided to them and the safety measures which is
another good aspect. As compared to the hazardous occupation workers, the
people working in non -hazardous occupations show morehealth and safety
needs fulfilled. There are some exceptional cases whereit’s the either way.
There are some managements which take care of the people’s safety in the
hazardous occupations too. The management provides the workers with every
safety gadget that is needed, this is a rarescene though. Also to a contrast,
there are some non –hazardous occupations too wherethe safety needs are
not taken care of. These things are avoided to saveup the cost.
Itis mandatory to providethe health and safety needs to the people working
in hazardous as well as non- hazardous occupations. This could be done by
various means. The people could be educated about the needs of safety and
health. There can be strict rules put forward which would see to it that health
and safety rules are followed by hazardous as well as non- hazardous
occupation management. Itis too risky and life threatening if there is no
safety. Someone could lose their life too. But in our country, it is taken very
lightly. Not all the Managements take careof what is needed. Many lose their
life and many get prone to permanent illnesses.

10. CONCLUSION:
Hazardous and non-hazardous occupations both need to havesafety and
health security. Mostly in the hazardous occupations wheretheworkers work
in mines, in chemical factories, and on construction sites, the need of health
and safety is a must. The management does not take careof this. Instead, the
workers arealso not much awareabout how the chemicals can harm them or
how working in awkward positions for long hours can affect them. They are
totally unawareaboutthe consequences. So this results in the workers not
using gloves, jackets and helmets even when it is necessary.
Non-hazardous occupation has a much better condition than hazardous
occupation. Here the safety and occupational health is taken care of to a great
extent. There are only a few firms which do not focus moreon occupational
health. Also there are certain conditions that restrict occupational health such
as presence of a canal nearby, presenceof slums in the vicinity, location of the
firm, etc. which affect occupational health.
When comparing hazardous occupation with non-hazardous occupation,
hazardous occupation workers suffer moredueto lack of occupational health
and safety. Also the workers in hazardous occupations arenotmuch educated
or even poverty is one factor which limits them to not buy the safety gadgets.
The management does not care about the worker’s health to saveup their
cost. This leads to exploitation of workers health and impact on their lives.
People could be educated so that they know how much occupational health is
important and if not followed whatconsequences they could face. Also strict
rules regarding this could be implied which will automatically lead to the
management initiating some efforts for the same. The workers mustknow
their rights. If these things are taken careof, the occupational hazards will
reduce to a great extent.

11. APPENDIX:
I Aryan Bhanage, student of D.G.RuparelCollege, am conducting a survey on
Occupationalhazards and safety. There are 12 questions which are in the form
of MCQ’s which need to be answered. All the questions are compulsory to
attempt and you can back out at any time you feel. The survey willonly be
used for the project purposeand the data will not be disclosed to anyoneelse.
Name:
E-mail id:
Signature:
1) I stand for morethan two hours in a row in my workplace.
a) Strongly disagree
b) Disagree
c) Neutral
d) Agree
e) Strongly agree.
2) I do repetitive movements with my hand or wrist
a) Strongly disagree
b) Disagree
c) Neutral
d) Agree
e) Strongly agree
3) I interact with hazardous substances likechemicals, flammable
substances, gases or liquids.
a) Strongly disagree
b) Disagree
c) Neutral
d) Agree

12. e) Strongly agree.
4) I work in a bent, twisted or awkward position.
a) Strongly disagree
b) Disagree
c) Neutral
d) Agree
e) Strongly agree
5) I work in a noisy environmentand need to raisemy voice to talk
a) Strongly disagree
b) Disagree
c) Neutral
d) Agree
e) Strongly agree
6) I receive necessary workplacetraining
a) Strongly disagree
b) Disagree
c) Neutral
d) Agree
e) Strongly agree
7) I have systems thatprevent hazards atmy workplace.
a) Strongly disagree
b) Disagree
c) Neutral
d) Agree
e) Strongly agree
8) I am clear about rights at my workplace.
a) Strongly disagree
b) Disagree
c) Neutral
d) Agree
e) Strongly agree

13. 9) I know how to performmy task safely.
a) Strongly disagree
b) Disagree
c) Neutral
d) Agree
e) Strongly disagree
10) I can freely talk about hazard managementwith my management.
a) Strongly disagree
b) Disagree
c) Neutral
d) Agree
e) Strongly agree
11) If in any unsafecondition, management can saveme.
a) Strongly disagree
b) Disagree
c) Neutral
d) Agree
e) Strongly agree
12) I have enough time to complete my task safely.
a) Strongly disagree
b) Disagree
c) Neutral
d) Agree
e) Strongly agree

14. REVIEW OF LITERATURE:
There are many cases whereoccupational hazards arenot looked
upon or considered. This could be a condition in hazardous
workplaces and non-hazardous work places as well. But as per the
research, it is seen that the condition is much morecritical in
hazardous occupations. Theworkers working in chemical factories or
construction sites usually are not having proper safety kit or materials
such as helmet, gloves or related stuff for their work. The
management does not actually care about the other people to save
up their cost. This might lead to somediseases among the workers in
the future. Also there are many firms or workplaces wherethe
people work in non-hazardous occupations such as offices. The
people here are almostprovided with the tools they require for their
task. The occupational health is better over here. The people working
in non-hazardous places show a good occupational health response
and also their job satisfaction is much morethan that of hazardous
occupations.
But there are also some cases wherethe management is good in
hazardous workplaces too. Here, the workers areprovided with all
the safety kit needed to perform their job. Also the management is
good and some of the workers show a bit higher satisfaction rate.
Also there are many companies, or non-hazardous occupations
wherethere could be external factors such as slums, canal, or
dumping area which could make it risky. The people working could
show a bit less satisfaction due to these factors. Even the
management does not provideneeded tools for performing the task,
which could lead to low satisfaction too.
But the scoreof people working in non- hazardous occupations tend
to show more job satisfaction and good occupational health as
compared to that of hazardous occupations.

15. But also there are many other researches wherethe workers working
in hazardous occupations show a bit more satisfaction in their job
and also their safety is taken care of. Such are the cases wherethe
management is a very well-known management and has fame and
name in the society. A reputed management would never let its
reputation down and thus all the needs or safety measures needed
for the task are taken care of. The research also tells that there are
also somenon-hazardous workplaces which includefirms or other
jobs wherepeople show low job satisfaction too. A very old building
wherethere is a problem of water leaking in some seasons, wherelift
does not work and the workers need to walk many floors by stairs
and also there is no light is risky. Somefirms do not haveproper light
and the workers need to work in low light and could have strain on
their eyes is also a factor that is to be considered.
In such cases the workers in the hazardous places show morehealth
safety and job satisfaction than non-hazardous places.
But these are very rarecases and 90% of the time, it is non-hazardous
working places where workers show moresatisfaction in job and
health safety.

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