Unit 4 LectureDeveloping a ProposalUnit 4 focuses on developi.docxmarilucorr
Unit 4: Lecture
Developing a Proposal
Unit 4 focuses on developing your topic for your final report and conducting some preliminary research for your final project. Your reading for this unit (Chs. 15, 17 and Appendix C ) cover how to research and write proposals, as well as how to cite your work in a business report. Make sure to review these chapters carefully as you prepare your discussion and assignment for this unit.
What are Proposals?
A proposal is a persuasive genre in which a writer convinces an audience to accept or approve some course of action. As your book says, “proposals argue for work that needs to be done” (552).
In business contexts, a proposal might outline a new policy and request implementation or request money to fund a special project. For our purposes, your proposal will focus on seeking approval for your topic for your final business report.
According to Ch. 17, good business proposals answer the following questions:
· What problem are you going to solve or what opportunity do you hope to fill?
· Why does the problem need to be solved now or the opportunity explored immediately?
· How are you going to solve it?
· Can you do the work?
· Why should you be the one to do it?
· When will you complete the work?
· How much will you charge?
· What exactly will you provide for us?
For our purpose in this class, we are not going to worry about the questions about timelines, qualifications, or fees, as our timeline is already set, everyone has to do the report, and you will be writing your report for experience and learning, rather than money. However, be mindful that in a real world situation, all of these questions may be important to address.
Defining a Problem to Explore in your Proposal and Report:
According to Ch. 15, a good problem to explore for a business report should use the following guidelines:
· The problem is real, significant enough to be worth solving, and narrow but challenging
· The audience is also real and has the power to make decisions based on your report
· The evidence (e.g. data, facts, sources) is sufficient to show the importance of the problem and to prove that your recommendations will solve the problem.
When writing your proposal, use the advice in Chapter 15 about writing a purpose statement and review the example on pg. 492.
How to Conduct Research:
There is a wide range of research available to you that could be used to develop your report.
For example, you may find any or all of these types useful in a business report:
· Newspaper articles (For example, The Washington Post)
· Articles in popular magazines or non-fiction books (for example, Newsweek)
· Articles in industry-specific publications (for example, HR Magazine)
· Websites and publications of professional organizations (for example, The National Association of Business Management Professionals)
· Journal articles and books written by academics (for example, Business Communication Quarterly)
· Surveys or interviews you have cond ...
InstructionsThis assignment has several warm-up activities and.docxLaticiaGrissomzz
Instructions
This assignment has several warm-up activities and one main task. Please ensure you have completed each warm-up activity before completing the main task. The main task requires you to search for, and then analyze research from the library on a topic of interest in social work. This can be a topic you have investigated during your previous coursework.
Warm-up Activity 1: Getting Acquainted with the NCU Library
NCU Library is committed to supporting the academic research needs of students, faculty, and staff. The Library does this by providing timely access to quality, scholarly, and appropriate information resources and library services, such as reference, information literacy instruction, and inter-library loan services. Students also have access to highly qualified and experienced Library staff.
Library services include:
Research Databases
- Access to A - Z databases list from the library’s home page containing thousands of journals, magazines, newspapers, e-Books, dissertations, financial data, and other information resources available in the Library.
Inter-library Loan Service
(ILL) - Students needing articles, and book chapters not in the Library collection can submit an inter-library loan request. Students can register for the ILL service by clicking the “Request Inter-library Loan Items” link on the Library homepage. Students will need to utilize local libraries for print-only materials.
Ask a Librarian
- Students can receive library assistance 24/7 via the “Ask a Librarian” service. Ask a Librarian allows patrons to search an ever-expanding knowledge bank of frequently asked Library questions and their responses, conveniently located at the bottom of the blue, left-side toolbar located on every Library Guide. NCU Students, faculty, and staff may also complete an
Ask a Librarian Form
. Questions are answered promptly during Library Staffed Hours.
Research Consultations
- The Library offers a research consultation service for students, faculty, and staff. This is an in-depth, personalized, one-on-one meeting with a reference librarian to discuss possible information resources and search strategies for class assignments, papers, presentations, Masters theses, and doctoral dissertations.
Library Workshops
- Library workshops provide in-depth information about using library resources and services. Recorded workshops are available from the Learn the Library page. Students are strongly encouraged to view a Library workshop before beginning coursework.
Warm-up Activity 2: Considering Information Literacy
Read the Northcentral University Library page called
Research Process
and review various links and tutorials to prepare for using the library.
As you go through the rest of this assignment, you will be asked to use the Northcentral University Library to locate books, articles, and other appropriate online resources about family therapy. For this purpose, it is necessary for you to identify a topic that you wo.
This illustrated lesson provides students with many illustrations, hyperlinked articles, and essential questions that can be used to create their own PowerPoint projects about polluting our planet.
Unit 4 LectureDeveloping a ProposalUnit 4 focuses on developi.docxmarilucorr
Unit 4: Lecture
Developing a Proposal
Unit 4 focuses on developing your topic for your final report and conducting some preliminary research for your final project. Your reading for this unit (Chs. 15, 17 and Appendix C ) cover how to research and write proposals, as well as how to cite your work in a business report. Make sure to review these chapters carefully as you prepare your discussion and assignment for this unit.
What are Proposals?
A proposal is a persuasive genre in which a writer convinces an audience to accept or approve some course of action. As your book says, “proposals argue for work that needs to be done” (552).
In business contexts, a proposal might outline a new policy and request implementation or request money to fund a special project. For our purposes, your proposal will focus on seeking approval for your topic for your final business report.
According to Ch. 17, good business proposals answer the following questions:
· What problem are you going to solve or what opportunity do you hope to fill?
· Why does the problem need to be solved now or the opportunity explored immediately?
· How are you going to solve it?
· Can you do the work?
· Why should you be the one to do it?
· When will you complete the work?
· How much will you charge?
· What exactly will you provide for us?
For our purpose in this class, we are not going to worry about the questions about timelines, qualifications, or fees, as our timeline is already set, everyone has to do the report, and you will be writing your report for experience and learning, rather than money. However, be mindful that in a real world situation, all of these questions may be important to address.
Defining a Problem to Explore in your Proposal and Report:
According to Ch. 15, a good problem to explore for a business report should use the following guidelines:
· The problem is real, significant enough to be worth solving, and narrow but challenging
· The audience is also real and has the power to make decisions based on your report
· The evidence (e.g. data, facts, sources) is sufficient to show the importance of the problem and to prove that your recommendations will solve the problem.
When writing your proposal, use the advice in Chapter 15 about writing a purpose statement and review the example on pg. 492.
How to Conduct Research:
There is a wide range of research available to you that could be used to develop your report.
For example, you may find any or all of these types useful in a business report:
· Newspaper articles (For example, The Washington Post)
· Articles in popular magazines or non-fiction books (for example, Newsweek)
· Articles in industry-specific publications (for example, HR Magazine)
· Websites and publications of professional organizations (for example, The National Association of Business Management Professionals)
· Journal articles and books written by academics (for example, Business Communication Quarterly)
· Surveys or interviews you have cond ...
InstructionsThis assignment has several warm-up activities and.docxLaticiaGrissomzz
Instructions
This assignment has several warm-up activities and one main task. Please ensure you have completed each warm-up activity before completing the main task. The main task requires you to search for, and then analyze research from the library on a topic of interest in social work. This can be a topic you have investigated during your previous coursework.
Warm-up Activity 1: Getting Acquainted with the NCU Library
NCU Library is committed to supporting the academic research needs of students, faculty, and staff. The Library does this by providing timely access to quality, scholarly, and appropriate information resources and library services, such as reference, information literacy instruction, and inter-library loan services. Students also have access to highly qualified and experienced Library staff.
Library services include:
Research Databases
- Access to A - Z databases list from the library’s home page containing thousands of journals, magazines, newspapers, e-Books, dissertations, financial data, and other information resources available in the Library.
Inter-library Loan Service
(ILL) - Students needing articles, and book chapters not in the Library collection can submit an inter-library loan request. Students can register for the ILL service by clicking the “Request Inter-library Loan Items” link on the Library homepage. Students will need to utilize local libraries for print-only materials.
Ask a Librarian
- Students can receive library assistance 24/7 via the “Ask a Librarian” service. Ask a Librarian allows patrons to search an ever-expanding knowledge bank of frequently asked Library questions and their responses, conveniently located at the bottom of the blue, left-side toolbar located on every Library Guide. NCU Students, faculty, and staff may also complete an
Ask a Librarian Form
. Questions are answered promptly during Library Staffed Hours.
Research Consultations
- The Library offers a research consultation service for students, faculty, and staff. This is an in-depth, personalized, one-on-one meeting with a reference librarian to discuss possible information resources and search strategies for class assignments, papers, presentations, Masters theses, and doctoral dissertations.
Library Workshops
- Library workshops provide in-depth information about using library resources and services. Recorded workshops are available from the Learn the Library page. Students are strongly encouraged to view a Library workshop before beginning coursework.
Warm-up Activity 2: Considering Information Literacy
Read the Northcentral University Library page called
Research Process
and review various links and tutorials to prepare for using the library.
As you go through the rest of this assignment, you will be asked to use the Northcentral University Library to locate books, articles, and other appropriate online resources about family therapy. For this purpose, it is necessary for you to identify a topic that you wo.
This illustrated lesson provides students with many illustrations, hyperlinked articles, and essential questions that can be used to create their own PowerPoint projects about polluting our planet.
36004 Topic SCI 207 Our Dependence upon the EnvironmentNumber.docxrhetttrevannion
36004 Topic: SCI 207 Our Dependence upon the Environment
Number of Pages: 2 (Double Spaced)
Number of sources: 4
Writing Style: APA
Type of document: Essay
Academic Level:Undergraduate
Category: Environmental Issues
Language Style: English (U.S.)
Order Instructions: Attached
Week 1 - Term Selection Forum
Please choose a single term from the Week 1 TermsPreview the document list and post the term you've chosen in the forum below.
A term can only be chosen once, so please be aware of the previously chosen terms by reviewing the table below prior to posting your preferred choice to validate it is not already taken. If you choose and post a term that has been chosen by a student who posted prior to you, you will be required to choose a new term from the remaining list.
This activity is first to come first serve, so please make sure to choose a term early in order to have your preferred options.
Terms
Name
apex predators
biodiversity
biodiversity hotspot
biome
carrying capacity
coevolution
Convention on Biological Diversity
deforestation
desertification
ecological resilience
ecosystem services
ecotourism
endangered species
Endangered Species Act
endemic species
extinction
food chain
food web
Half-Earth Project
habitat fragmentation
habitat loss
invasive species
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
keystone species
native species
overexploitation
poaching
restoration ecology
threatened species
trophic cascade
Return to Week 1 - Assignment 2 >
USE THE EXAMPLE BELOW:
Week 1 - Assignment 2
Sustainable Living Guide Contributions, Part 1 of 4: Sustaining Biodiversity and Ecosystems
[WLO: 2] [CLOs: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
Prior to beginning work on this assignment, read Chapters 1 and 4 in the Turk and Bensel’s Contemporary Environmental Issues textbook (2014).
The purpose of this assignment is twofold: first, to enable you to explore a term (concept, technique, place, etc.) related to this week’s theme of sustaining Earth’s biodiversity and ecosystems; second, to provide your first contribution to a collective project, the Class Sustainable Living Guide. Your work this week, and in the weeks that follow, will be gathered (along with that of your peers) into a master document you will receive a few days after the end of the course. The document will provide everyone with a variety of ideas for how we can all live more sustainably in our homes and communities.
To complete this assignment, you will
Select a term from the list of choices in the Week 1 - Term Selection. Reply to the forum with the term that you would like to research. Do not select a term that a classmate has already chosen. No two students will be researching the same topic.
Download the Week 1 Assignment TemplatePreview the document and replace the guiding text with your own words based upon your online research. Please do not include a cover page. All references, however, should be cited in your work and lis.
Writing an OutlineOutlines can help you organize your thoughts a.docxambersalomon88660
Writing an Outline
Outlines can help you organize your thoughts and can make the drafting process easier. Outlines can but do not have to be written in complete sentences. Use the template below to create an outline for your essays.
Title
I. Introduction
a. Thesis statement:
II. Body paragraph 1
a. Topic sentence:
b. Example/supporting evidence:
c. Commentary/explanation:
III. Body paragraph 2
a. Topic sentence:
b. Example/supporting evidence:
c. Commentary/explanation:
IV. Body paragraph 3
a. Topic sentence:
b. Example/supporting evidence:
c. Commentary/explanation:
V. ….Continue for all body paragraphs
VI. Conclusion
Scholarly, Peer Reviewed, and Other Credible Sources
Source type
What is it?
Examples
Best used for
Scholarly
A source written by scholars or academics in a field. The purpose of many scholarly sources is to report on original research or experimentation in order to make such information available to the rest of the scholarly community. The audience for scholarly sources is other scholars or experts in a field. Scholarly sources include references and usually use language that is technical or at a high reading level.
*Note: Different databases may define “scholarly” in slightly different ways, and thus a source that is considered “scholarly” in one database may not be considered “scholarly” in another database. The final decision about the appropriateness of a given source for a particular assignment is left to the instructor.
Scholarly Journals
· Journal of Management Information Systems
· American Journal of Public Health
· Early Childhood Research Quarterly
Scholarly Books (published by a university press or other high-quality publisher)
· Shari’a Politics: Islamic Law and Society in the Modern World
· The Grand Design: Strategy and the U.S. Civil War
· The Hidden Mechanics of Exercise: Molecules That Move Us
Journal articles:
· Recent research on a topic
· Very specific topics or narrow fields of research
· NOT good for an introduction to or broad overview of a topic
Books:
· In-depth information and research on a topic
· Putting a topic into context
· Historical information on a topic
Peer Reviewed
A publication that has gone through an official editorial process that involves review and approval by the author’s peers (experts in the same subject area). Many (but not all) scholarly publications are peer reviewed.
*Note: even though a journal is peer reviewed, some types of articles within that journal may not be peer reviewed. These might include editorials or book reviews.
**Note: some publications (such as some trade journals) can be peer reviewed but not scholarly. This is not common.
See “Scholarly Journals” above
Books go through a different editorial process and are not usually considered to be “peer reviewed”. However, they can still be excellent scholarly sources.
See above
Credible
A source that can be trusted to contain accurate information that is backed up by evidence or can b.
Factors to consider before choosing school project topicsResearchWap
School project work is an essay that presents the results of a student’s research of a particular topic in print, electronic, or multimedia format. The skill involves finding, evaluating, and assimilating the ideas of other researchers and this is essential in any field of study. Unlike other essay writing, a research project work follows the same processes as other kinds of writing, from planning through drafting to revising, but the difference is that instead of relying exclusively on what you alreadSchool project work is an essay that presents the results of a student’s research of a particular topic in print, electronic, or multimedia format. The skill involves finding, evaluating, and assimilating the ideas of other researchers and this is essential in any field of study. Unlike other essay writing, a research project work follows the same processes as other kinds of writing, from planning through drafting to revising, but the difference is that instead of relying exclusively on what you already know about a topic, you rather include source materials, facts, data, knowledge, or opinions of other researchers to support your research project works. know about a topic, you rather include source materials, facts, data, knowledge, or opinions of other researchers to support your research project works.
The topic of my Literature Review is Gender and CompetitionLiter.docxssusera34210
The topic of my Literature Review is Gender and Competition
Literature Review Paper (25%)
What is a Literature Review?
It is very important that you know what a literature is, its purpose, and how it is organized. A literature review is a summary of previous research on a topic. Its' purpose is to review the scholarly literature relevant to the topic you are studying. Some questions you may think about as you develop your literature review:
· What is known about the subject?
· Are there any gaps in the knowledge of the subject?
· Is there consensus about the topic (subtopics)?
· What aspects have generated significant debate on the topic?
· What methods or problems were identified by others studying in the field?
· What is the current status of research in this area or what direction do researchers feel need to be addressed in the future?
How do you write a Literature Review?
Summarize and explain what research has been done on the topic, citing the sources as you mention them. Point out the different ways researchers have treated the topic. Point out any connections between the sources especially where one source built upon prior study. Explain how this past work fits together and where scholars believe future research is headed.
You will be required to write a literature review on a specific (pre-approved) gender communication topic. This paper is to be presented in proper APA format (with the exception that it must be single spaced NOT double spaced) and it should be six full single spaced pages in length (not including the title page and the references page). This paper should expand your knowledge of the subject area, clearly demonstrate your vast understanding of the topic to the professor and provide readers with the most current, scholarly research on the topic. I must approve your topic before you begin to gathering your research.
The research project requires you to:
· select a topic within gender communication to research (must receive my approval before you begin your research on your topic)
· provide a title page
· include an introduction section (generates interest in the topic, stresses the importance of the subject matter and includes a clear preview) 3/4 page in length
· provide a body section that is well organized with sub-sections of the various important aspects of your topics that are properly cited with in-text citations (use subheadings to organize the body of your paper) 5 pages in length
· end with your conclusion (provides closure to your paper) 1/4 page in length -be sure to label your conclusion
· provide a list of references in proper APA format (on a separate page entitled "References")
· Note the page requirements above and adhere to them. You may be over requirement for each section, but not under.
· Make sure the vast majority of your literature review is paraphrased (use direct quotations sparingly).
· You may site both texts, but you still need the additional 8 (minimum) scholarly ...
English 2010 Intermediate Writing Literature Review .docxSALU18
English 2010: Intermediate Writing
Literature Review
Assignment overview
You will complete a three-page literature review in which you discuss four of the most relevant
sources in your research. You will complete an MLA-formatted works cited page.
Assignment Preparation and Process
A literature review lets the reader know that you have done your research—that you have looked
carefully at the experts in the field and their varying opinions on your topic. You may have had
experience in past English classes with the annotated bibliography, an assignment where you
evaluate and summarize the main points of your source—each source listed as a separate entry—
and discuss how the author’s claim might further your own thesis. The literature review is
similar in some ways: you will summarize the prominent “conversations” about your research
topic and analyze how these ideas inform your argument, but it differs in sophistication. The key
here is to look for connections between your sources and write about them in conjunction with
one another. Think about the salient points of the authors. How are the authors’ points similar to
one another? On what do they differ?
Tips to remember:
a. A lit review requires a synthesis of different subtopics to come to a greater
understanding of a larger issue. Like a jigsaw puzzle, the pieces (main points of the
argument) must be put together to reveal the whole.
b. Use the knowledge you have gained from class to summarize, paraphrase, and directly
quote where appropriate. Use attributive tags to introduce your sources and indicate
all summarized, paraphrased, and quoted material.
c. Keep your own voice out of the literature review. In most genres of writing, your voice
should come across to the reader. The literature review, however, is about the
opinions of others—not your opinion. Your opinion should come through loud and
clear in the next draft of the PRE assignment.
1. To get started, first choose four of the most relevant sources in your research thus far. As you
are researching, look into the bibliographies of the articles you have found. Who seems to be a
prominent author/researcher associated with your topic? To whom do other authors and
researchers often refer to in their own studies? What sources were particularly helpful to further
your working thesis? What sources might be in disagreement with your working thesis?
2. Introduction: Include your working thesis statement. Remember, this is a working thesis and
may change as you continue your research.
3. Establish main points. For instance, if you’re researching the effectiveness of viral videos, you
could have three main points: 1. Viral videos are effective when the ad is not the focus of the
video, 2. When the video becomes viral naturally, and 3. When the ad embedded in the video
relates to the target audience (Kyle Harris, Voices in Print 2013, page 232).
4 ...
The literature review is an opportunity to demonstrate not just the breadth of your reading, but also your critical reponse to the current literature on a topic. This workshop is designed for students writing a standalone literature review, or undertaking a literature review as part of their dissertation. The session is also suitable for students who are not required to include a literature review chapter, but who will be engaging with existing research throughout their dissertations.
John Q. StudentProfessor StalbirdEnglish 1201.xxx27 February.docxvrickens
John Q. Student
Professor Stalbird
English 1201.xxx
27 February 2020
Annotated Bibliography
Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Name of Article in Quotation Marks.” Name of Source/Publication in Italics. Publication Date/Info. Name of Database in Italics. Url. Date Accessed.
This article discusses (give the thesis of the article). In the next 2-4 sentences, give the main points of the article. Tell what the article said.
The purpose of this article is ______. The intended audience seems to be _______. Address the credibility of the source and the author. For example, for a database article you could write: The source came from the Sinclair database and the article came from a scholarly peer-reviewed journal. The author seems credible because she has written many other articles on the subject. The article was written in 2020.
I can use this source for ______. I plan to use the following quote: “______.”
Next Citation. Note there are no extra lines of white space anywhere. Double-space throughout.
Writing the Annotated Bibliography
From the Working Bibliography that you created, you will choose 10 sources that best answer the questions you posed in your Research Proposal. Those sources will form the basis for the Annotated Bibliography. You will need a minimum of five sources from Sinclair databases and at least three of those sources should be "scholarly."
Briefly, the annotated bibliography includes notes and analysis on sources that will be quoted and paraphrased in the final essay. You have already had practice with the skills that are required, but the assignments do require that you set aside several hours for reading and analysis.
If you've taken ENG 1101 at Sinclair recently, you may have already had some experience with the annotated bibliography.
Annotated Bibliography
To begin to put the Annotated Bibliography together, review the sources you listed on your Working Bibliography. Choose 10 that look like they come the closest to answering the research questions you posted in your Research Proposal. If, after reading and researching further into your topic, you realize that you do NOT have 10 that address the issue you are writing about, go back to the library databases and find more sources. Keep searching until you have ten.
Choosing the 10 sources for the Annotated Bibliography is important because you are going to spend considerable time reading, summarizing, and critiquing these sources. Make sure you take as much time as necessary to read and choose sources that answer the questions you posed in your research proposal. The work that you do for the annotated bibliography will form the basis for your research paper. The time you put into this assignment will pay off when you go to write the paper because what you create for the annotated bibliography will go directly into your paper to support the ideas that you are sharing with your readers. This assignment is one of the most important steps in writing the paper. ...
Essay Topic:
Name(s):
Category
5
4
3
2
1
Your score
Supporting Evidence
Student(s) provide a very wide range of materials to support their claims and statements (articles, cases, legislations, etc.)
Student(s) provide strong supporting evidence to back their claims
Student(s) provide adequate evidence to support claims
Student(s) provide weak evidence.
Student(s) provide no supporting evidence.
Structure and effectiveness
Essay is excellently structured with an introduction, body and conclusion. Essay maintains a clear thesis, and clear focus.
Essay is well structured with a good thesis and effective structure.
Essay is adequately structured and presented.
Essay is poorly structured and not well presented.
Essay has no structure and is ineffective in explaining the concepts.
Use of Sources
Essay contains a wide variety of sources and the student makes excellent use of referencing throughout the essay.
Essay contains a decent number of sources and student makes strong use of reference throughout.
Essay contains an adequate amount of sources and student makes adequate use of references throughout.
Essay contains a weak variety of sources and little referencing is made throughout essay.
Essay contains no references and a weak/non-existent bibliography
Critical Thinking
Essay contains insightful analysis with unique presentation clear connections made to real life.
Essay contains strong indications of critical thinking.
Essay contains average indications of critical thinking
Essay contains very little critical thinking.
Essay contains no critical thinking and weak analysis.
Comments
TOTAL
/20
Your assignment is to write a research project that includes a review of the current understanding of the topic, a clearly stated hypothesis, a description of the experimental or observational methods you would use to test your hypothesis, and a discussion of how your research will contribute to the field of this Course. Before you begin writing your proposal, you must conduct considerable research to determine what studies have been done and what questions remain unanswered. This library research should continue as you write to help you dig deeper into the topic, formulate your ideas, and devise your methods. Be prepared to make room for this back and forth between research and writing as you consider and reconsider your project ideas and begin drafting your proposal. You are free to select a topic you feel comfortable with.
The length of paper should contain no more than 1500 words.
I. Organisation
1. Abstract
The objective of this very short statement is to tell the reader something about the purpose of the course work and its content. You should explain what you intend to do and why. Then you should tell the reader what you did and what you would recommend.
The Abstract should be written at the end, when you have finished your work and the structure is complete. It may du.
AP LanguageMrs. MathewUnit 3 Synthesis ProjectYou will .docxjesuslightbody
AP Language
Mrs. Mathew
Unit 3: Synthesis Project
You will be creating an AP Exam Synthesis Question. The Synthesis Question gives you several sources and asks you to combine (synthesize) them with your own thoughts to create a cohesive essay. This is the same goal as a research paper. Your question (prompt) and sources should be formatted, labeled, and presented as on the AP Lang Exam. This will be modeled after the ones in the sample packets you were given.
Source Requirements:
· 8 sources
· No sources older than 10 years
· At least two sources published within the last two years (2020, 2021, 2022)
· Provide 1-2 sources that are images (political cartoons, graphs, charts, etc.)
· Sources should demonstrate a range of positions and approaches to the topic. Your goal is to figure out what 2-3 of the main “sides” are in the debate around the issue and represent those sides fairly.
Research Resources:
· Use this
link to access academic databases through CPS and Lane.
Example topics:
· Security vs Privacy: Personal Rights
· Standardized Education Movement
· Parenting Styles of the 21st Century
· Why Movements Matter: Voices of the People
· Technology’s Impact on American Families
Project Requirements:
Include, neatly formatted in one document
· Prompt page with directions, introduction, and assignment
· 6 sources
·
MLA citation of each source
· 3 potential thesis statements for this essay
a. One that is open
b. One that is closed
c. One that is a counter argument thesis.
· Choose one thesis statement, and create an outline of a response to ensure that others can synthesize these sources.
The most effective Synthesis Prompts give the test-takers a wide variety of sources to consider. These sources are of various types, lengths, and opinions. This diversity allows each test-taker to choose their own individual approach to the assignment while providing them with the tools to adequately synthesize into their paper.
You are going to choose EIGHT sources specific to your assigned topic. This will ensure that your group will be providing sources that show the complexity of the issue.
Therefore, when choosing your sources, keep several guidelines in mind:
1. Choose sources that cover a variety of viewpoints on your assigned topic, making sure to keep the sides evenly represented.
2. Choose sources from a wide variety of locations and formats. Use the list below as guidance; it is certainly not all-inclusive. Requirements are in CAPITAL letters. Beyond those required types, you may choose the rest of your sources at your discretion.
**ACADEMIC JOURNAL
National Newspaper (online or print editions)
Data
Online Article (NO WIKIPEDIA)
**EDITORIAL
Poll Results
** NEWS WEBSITE
Popular Culture Magazine
**IMAGE (graphs, charts, cartoons, photos)
Primary Book Source
Essay by an expert
Private Web Page or Blog post
Field-Specific Magazine article
Published letter from individual
Government Publicat.
Page 1 of 4 Controversial Issues in American Culture Rese.docxaryan532920
Page 1 of 4
Controversial Issues in American Culture Research Paper
Assignment:
Living in a diverse society, we are often trying to balance our personal experience and opinions agai nst a
backdrop of the large communal experience. What we think, feel, and believe can be in sharp contrast
with the people and the society around us. Thus, students need to learn how to research, structure, and
advance their opinions by providing evidence to support them. This assignment will help students
formulate their opinions on a controversial topic in an argumentative essay using evidence from primary
and secondary sources. Though nearly any topic will suffice for the purpose of this paper, all topics must
be open to dispute. Students will need to formulate their opinions on the topic but also concede and
refute the oppositional opinions through counte rarguments. We will use class time to discuss research
methods but the rest of your research will be your responsibility.
Decide On a Topic:
Deciding on a topic that is not too broad, nor too narrow will take some effort . In order to present a
convincing argument, consider the following:
1. Draw on the student’s personal experience. It is important to spend time and energy on a topic
that means something to you. Think about topics they may come up in your chosen career field,
in everyday life, or things that you think should be changed in society , but that there is no easy
answer or resolution.
2. Be sure to “resist binary thinking” (Greene and Lidinsky 88). Make sure that the topic chosen can
support several, if not many, different viewpoints.
3. Synthesize others’ views and find new ways to look at the issues.
4. When researching, read to “discover a writer’s frame” to see how his/her ideas and theories can
benefit your own, or if they can be used in counterarguments.
5. Decide whether the issue an issue of fact, value, or policy? Is it a combination of two or more?
Topics should present a position that has varying perspectives.
General Topics include:
Addiction/Alcohol/ Drugs
Bilingual Education
Birth Control
Body Image
Censorship
Eating Disorders
Ethnic Stereotypes
Family Values
Gay Rights
Gender Discrimination
Gun Control
Health
Homosexuality/
Sexual Orientation
Immigration
Interracial
Relationships
Legalized Gambling
Politics
Music/Art
Education
Religion
Role Models
Sexual Assaults
Sexual Relationships
Single Parents
Sports Industry
Stereotypes
Terrorism
Tobacco
Video Games
Violence
War
**For more topics, check out the folder in the Research Project folder
Students should come up with an issue-based question about their topic:
Think and try on different perspectives about the issue
Page 2 of 4
Discuss why the issue is important to the student, and then why this issue may be important to
other people.
Determine what is up for ...
ENGLISH 1302GUIDELINES FOR THE ACADEMIC PROPOSALPurposeTo.docxYASHU40
ENGLISH 1302
GUIDELINES FOR THE ACADEMIC PROPOSAL
Purpose:
To persuade your professor and yourself that your research project is a well planned and valuable project in which will be successful. You will be seeking approval of a project: that project is your research paper. Once your proposal is approved, you will begin putting together your research paper.
Audience:
Yourself and your English 1302 instructor
Topic:
Write and submit a proposal of your research paper. Proposal: 2-3 pages. Based on Lesson 6: “Gathering Research,” Lesson 7: “Integrating Research,” and Lesson 8: “Documenting Research.”
You may select the topic from an area of interest in your major field. Consult the suggested writing assignments in Student Course Guide for the Writer’s Odyssey for Lesson 8, p. 65.
Format:
Write a brief document that summarizes your research project for this course.
These are the major components of an Academic Research Proposal and you will section your proposal according to these components:
An overview of the completed research paper, includingAn introduction to your project and a preliminary thesis statement
A short summary of the topic you are researching including short
quotations, and paraphrases from some of your potential sourcesA description of the basic elements of your paper
An explanation of the how readers will benefit from reading this paper
A strong conclusion
2. Your detailed, specific plan for completing this project, including a timetable
tailored to your specific work and home schedule
3. A working bibliography: a list of at least four reliable sources in correct
MLA citation format
Requirements:
MLA format
Two to three pages plus a
One page working bibliography
Evaluation will be based on how well you
Tailored your message for your audience
Wrote an introduction that engages your reader
Stated a brief overview of your project
Used correct MLA citation format in the text and in your bibliography
Explained how readers will benefit from your research project Provided a complete, realistic plan for completion of your research paper, including all the required checkpointsSupplied the necessary details to support your proposal
Concluded strongly, perhaps refocusing on your thesis
Designed the proposal so that it is easy to read
Wrote with language that is concise, positive, and specific Edited your proposal carefully.
English 1302 also addresses the following objectives.
The basis for rating each item on the proposal and research paper rubric:
Introduction with strong thesis and clear sense of audience and purposeDo the opening sentences bring the reader to the general topic?
Is there an attempt to hook the reader?
Does the thesis contain a controlling idea or clear direction that indicates the writer’s purpose?
Indicates clear organization, critical thinking, logical development of ideas, exposition and or argumentDoes the writer organize the paper in a logical manner?
...
36004 Topic SCI 207 Our Dependence upon the EnvironmentNumber.docxrhetttrevannion
36004 Topic: SCI 207 Our Dependence upon the Environment
Number of Pages: 2 (Double Spaced)
Number of sources: 4
Writing Style: APA
Type of document: Essay
Academic Level:Undergraduate
Category: Environmental Issues
Language Style: English (U.S.)
Order Instructions: Attached
Week 1 - Term Selection Forum
Please choose a single term from the Week 1 TermsPreview the document list and post the term you've chosen in the forum below.
A term can only be chosen once, so please be aware of the previously chosen terms by reviewing the table below prior to posting your preferred choice to validate it is not already taken. If you choose and post a term that has been chosen by a student who posted prior to you, you will be required to choose a new term from the remaining list.
This activity is first to come first serve, so please make sure to choose a term early in order to have your preferred options.
Terms
Name
apex predators
biodiversity
biodiversity hotspot
biome
carrying capacity
coevolution
Convention on Biological Diversity
deforestation
desertification
ecological resilience
ecosystem services
ecotourism
endangered species
Endangered Species Act
endemic species
extinction
food chain
food web
Half-Earth Project
habitat fragmentation
habitat loss
invasive species
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
keystone species
native species
overexploitation
poaching
restoration ecology
threatened species
trophic cascade
Return to Week 1 - Assignment 2 >
USE THE EXAMPLE BELOW:
Week 1 - Assignment 2
Sustainable Living Guide Contributions, Part 1 of 4: Sustaining Biodiversity and Ecosystems
[WLO: 2] [CLOs: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
Prior to beginning work on this assignment, read Chapters 1 and 4 in the Turk and Bensel’s Contemporary Environmental Issues textbook (2014).
The purpose of this assignment is twofold: first, to enable you to explore a term (concept, technique, place, etc.) related to this week’s theme of sustaining Earth’s biodiversity and ecosystems; second, to provide your first contribution to a collective project, the Class Sustainable Living Guide. Your work this week, and in the weeks that follow, will be gathered (along with that of your peers) into a master document you will receive a few days after the end of the course. The document will provide everyone with a variety of ideas for how we can all live more sustainably in our homes and communities.
To complete this assignment, you will
Select a term from the list of choices in the Week 1 - Term Selection. Reply to the forum with the term that you would like to research. Do not select a term that a classmate has already chosen. No two students will be researching the same topic.
Download the Week 1 Assignment TemplatePreview the document and replace the guiding text with your own words based upon your online research. Please do not include a cover page. All references, however, should be cited in your work and lis.
Writing an OutlineOutlines can help you organize your thoughts a.docxambersalomon88660
Writing an Outline
Outlines can help you organize your thoughts and can make the drafting process easier. Outlines can but do not have to be written in complete sentences. Use the template below to create an outline for your essays.
Title
I. Introduction
a. Thesis statement:
II. Body paragraph 1
a. Topic sentence:
b. Example/supporting evidence:
c. Commentary/explanation:
III. Body paragraph 2
a. Topic sentence:
b. Example/supporting evidence:
c. Commentary/explanation:
IV. Body paragraph 3
a. Topic sentence:
b. Example/supporting evidence:
c. Commentary/explanation:
V. ….Continue for all body paragraphs
VI. Conclusion
Scholarly, Peer Reviewed, and Other Credible Sources
Source type
What is it?
Examples
Best used for
Scholarly
A source written by scholars or academics in a field. The purpose of many scholarly sources is to report on original research or experimentation in order to make such information available to the rest of the scholarly community. The audience for scholarly sources is other scholars or experts in a field. Scholarly sources include references and usually use language that is technical or at a high reading level.
*Note: Different databases may define “scholarly” in slightly different ways, and thus a source that is considered “scholarly” in one database may not be considered “scholarly” in another database. The final decision about the appropriateness of a given source for a particular assignment is left to the instructor.
Scholarly Journals
· Journal of Management Information Systems
· American Journal of Public Health
· Early Childhood Research Quarterly
Scholarly Books (published by a university press or other high-quality publisher)
· Shari’a Politics: Islamic Law and Society in the Modern World
· The Grand Design: Strategy and the U.S. Civil War
· The Hidden Mechanics of Exercise: Molecules That Move Us
Journal articles:
· Recent research on a topic
· Very specific topics or narrow fields of research
· NOT good for an introduction to or broad overview of a topic
Books:
· In-depth information and research on a topic
· Putting a topic into context
· Historical information on a topic
Peer Reviewed
A publication that has gone through an official editorial process that involves review and approval by the author’s peers (experts in the same subject area). Many (but not all) scholarly publications are peer reviewed.
*Note: even though a journal is peer reviewed, some types of articles within that journal may not be peer reviewed. These might include editorials or book reviews.
**Note: some publications (such as some trade journals) can be peer reviewed but not scholarly. This is not common.
See “Scholarly Journals” above
Books go through a different editorial process and are not usually considered to be “peer reviewed”. However, they can still be excellent scholarly sources.
See above
Credible
A source that can be trusted to contain accurate information that is backed up by evidence or can b.
Factors to consider before choosing school project topicsResearchWap
School project work is an essay that presents the results of a student’s research of a particular topic in print, electronic, or multimedia format. The skill involves finding, evaluating, and assimilating the ideas of other researchers and this is essential in any field of study. Unlike other essay writing, a research project work follows the same processes as other kinds of writing, from planning through drafting to revising, but the difference is that instead of relying exclusively on what you alreadSchool project work is an essay that presents the results of a student’s research of a particular topic in print, electronic, or multimedia format. The skill involves finding, evaluating, and assimilating the ideas of other researchers and this is essential in any field of study. Unlike other essay writing, a research project work follows the same processes as other kinds of writing, from planning through drafting to revising, but the difference is that instead of relying exclusively on what you already know about a topic, you rather include source materials, facts, data, knowledge, or opinions of other researchers to support your research project works. know about a topic, you rather include source materials, facts, data, knowledge, or opinions of other researchers to support your research project works.
The topic of my Literature Review is Gender and CompetitionLiter.docxssusera34210
The topic of my Literature Review is Gender and Competition
Literature Review Paper (25%)
What is a Literature Review?
It is very important that you know what a literature is, its purpose, and how it is organized. A literature review is a summary of previous research on a topic. Its' purpose is to review the scholarly literature relevant to the topic you are studying. Some questions you may think about as you develop your literature review:
· What is known about the subject?
· Are there any gaps in the knowledge of the subject?
· Is there consensus about the topic (subtopics)?
· What aspects have generated significant debate on the topic?
· What methods or problems were identified by others studying in the field?
· What is the current status of research in this area or what direction do researchers feel need to be addressed in the future?
How do you write a Literature Review?
Summarize and explain what research has been done on the topic, citing the sources as you mention them. Point out the different ways researchers have treated the topic. Point out any connections between the sources especially where one source built upon prior study. Explain how this past work fits together and where scholars believe future research is headed.
You will be required to write a literature review on a specific (pre-approved) gender communication topic. This paper is to be presented in proper APA format (with the exception that it must be single spaced NOT double spaced) and it should be six full single spaced pages in length (not including the title page and the references page). This paper should expand your knowledge of the subject area, clearly demonstrate your vast understanding of the topic to the professor and provide readers with the most current, scholarly research on the topic. I must approve your topic before you begin to gathering your research.
The research project requires you to:
· select a topic within gender communication to research (must receive my approval before you begin your research on your topic)
· provide a title page
· include an introduction section (generates interest in the topic, stresses the importance of the subject matter and includes a clear preview) 3/4 page in length
· provide a body section that is well organized with sub-sections of the various important aspects of your topics that are properly cited with in-text citations (use subheadings to organize the body of your paper) 5 pages in length
· end with your conclusion (provides closure to your paper) 1/4 page in length -be sure to label your conclusion
· provide a list of references in proper APA format (on a separate page entitled "References")
· Note the page requirements above and adhere to them. You may be over requirement for each section, but not under.
· Make sure the vast majority of your literature review is paraphrased (use direct quotations sparingly).
· You may site both texts, but you still need the additional 8 (minimum) scholarly ...
English 2010 Intermediate Writing Literature Review .docxSALU18
English 2010: Intermediate Writing
Literature Review
Assignment overview
You will complete a three-page literature review in which you discuss four of the most relevant
sources in your research. You will complete an MLA-formatted works cited page.
Assignment Preparation and Process
A literature review lets the reader know that you have done your research—that you have looked
carefully at the experts in the field and their varying opinions on your topic. You may have had
experience in past English classes with the annotated bibliography, an assignment where you
evaluate and summarize the main points of your source—each source listed as a separate entry—
and discuss how the author’s claim might further your own thesis. The literature review is
similar in some ways: you will summarize the prominent “conversations” about your research
topic and analyze how these ideas inform your argument, but it differs in sophistication. The key
here is to look for connections between your sources and write about them in conjunction with
one another. Think about the salient points of the authors. How are the authors’ points similar to
one another? On what do they differ?
Tips to remember:
a. A lit review requires a synthesis of different subtopics to come to a greater
understanding of a larger issue. Like a jigsaw puzzle, the pieces (main points of the
argument) must be put together to reveal the whole.
b. Use the knowledge you have gained from class to summarize, paraphrase, and directly
quote where appropriate. Use attributive tags to introduce your sources and indicate
all summarized, paraphrased, and quoted material.
c. Keep your own voice out of the literature review. In most genres of writing, your voice
should come across to the reader. The literature review, however, is about the
opinions of others—not your opinion. Your opinion should come through loud and
clear in the next draft of the PRE assignment.
1. To get started, first choose four of the most relevant sources in your research thus far. As you
are researching, look into the bibliographies of the articles you have found. Who seems to be a
prominent author/researcher associated with your topic? To whom do other authors and
researchers often refer to in their own studies? What sources were particularly helpful to further
your working thesis? What sources might be in disagreement with your working thesis?
2. Introduction: Include your working thesis statement. Remember, this is a working thesis and
may change as you continue your research.
3. Establish main points. For instance, if you’re researching the effectiveness of viral videos, you
could have three main points: 1. Viral videos are effective when the ad is not the focus of the
video, 2. When the video becomes viral naturally, and 3. When the ad embedded in the video
relates to the target audience (Kyle Harris, Voices in Print 2013, page 232).
4 ...
The literature review is an opportunity to demonstrate not just the breadth of your reading, but also your critical reponse to the current literature on a topic. This workshop is designed for students writing a standalone literature review, or undertaking a literature review as part of their dissertation. The session is also suitable for students who are not required to include a literature review chapter, but who will be engaging with existing research throughout their dissertations.
John Q. StudentProfessor StalbirdEnglish 1201.xxx27 February.docxvrickens
John Q. Student
Professor Stalbird
English 1201.xxx
27 February 2020
Annotated Bibliography
Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Name of Article in Quotation Marks.” Name of Source/Publication in Italics. Publication Date/Info. Name of Database in Italics. Url. Date Accessed.
This article discusses (give the thesis of the article). In the next 2-4 sentences, give the main points of the article. Tell what the article said.
The purpose of this article is ______. The intended audience seems to be _______. Address the credibility of the source and the author. For example, for a database article you could write: The source came from the Sinclair database and the article came from a scholarly peer-reviewed journal. The author seems credible because she has written many other articles on the subject. The article was written in 2020.
I can use this source for ______. I plan to use the following quote: “______.”
Next Citation. Note there are no extra lines of white space anywhere. Double-space throughout.
Writing the Annotated Bibliography
From the Working Bibliography that you created, you will choose 10 sources that best answer the questions you posed in your Research Proposal. Those sources will form the basis for the Annotated Bibliography. You will need a minimum of five sources from Sinclair databases and at least three of those sources should be "scholarly."
Briefly, the annotated bibliography includes notes and analysis on sources that will be quoted and paraphrased in the final essay. You have already had practice with the skills that are required, but the assignments do require that you set aside several hours for reading and analysis.
If you've taken ENG 1101 at Sinclair recently, you may have already had some experience with the annotated bibliography.
Annotated Bibliography
To begin to put the Annotated Bibliography together, review the sources you listed on your Working Bibliography. Choose 10 that look like they come the closest to answering the research questions you posted in your Research Proposal. If, after reading and researching further into your topic, you realize that you do NOT have 10 that address the issue you are writing about, go back to the library databases and find more sources. Keep searching until you have ten.
Choosing the 10 sources for the Annotated Bibliography is important because you are going to spend considerable time reading, summarizing, and critiquing these sources. Make sure you take as much time as necessary to read and choose sources that answer the questions you posed in your research proposal. The work that you do for the annotated bibliography will form the basis for your research paper. The time you put into this assignment will pay off when you go to write the paper because what you create for the annotated bibliography will go directly into your paper to support the ideas that you are sharing with your readers. This assignment is one of the most important steps in writing the paper. ...
Essay Topic:
Name(s):
Category
5
4
3
2
1
Your score
Supporting Evidence
Student(s) provide a very wide range of materials to support their claims and statements (articles, cases, legislations, etc.)
Student(s) provide strong supporting evidence to back their claims
Student(s) provide adequate evidence to support claims
Student(s) provide weak evidence.
Student(s) provide no supporting evidence.
Structure and effectiveness
Essay is excellently structured with an introduction, body and conclusion. Essay maintains a clear thesis, and clear focus.
Essay is well structured with a good thesis and effective structure.
Essay is adequately structured and presented.
Essay is poorly structured and not well presented.
Essay has no structure and is ineffective in explaining the concepts.
Use of Sources
Essay contains a wide variety of sources and the student makes excellent use of referencing throughout the essay.
Essay contains a decent number of sources and student makes strong use of reference throughout.
Essay contains an adequate amount of sources and student makes adequate use of references throughout.
Essay contains a weak variety of sources and little referencing is made throughout essay.
Essay contains no references and a weak/non-existent bibliography
Critical Thinking
Essay contains insightful analysis with unique presentation clear connections made to real life.
Essay contains strong indications of critical thinking.
Essay contains average indications of critical thinking
Essay contains very little critical thinking.
Essay contains no critical thinking and weak analysis.
Comments
TOTAL
/20
Your assignment is to write a research project that includes a review of the current understanding of the topic, a clearly stated hypothesis, a description of the experimental or observational methods you would use to test your hypothesis, and a discussion of how your research will contribute to the field of this Course. Before you begin writing your proposal, you must conduct considerable research to determine what studies have been done and what questions remain unanswered. This library research should continue as you write to help you dig deeper into the topic, formulate your ideas, and devise your methods. Be prepared to make room for this back and forth between research and writing as you consider and reconsider your project ideas and begin drafting your proposal. You are free to select a topic you feel comfortable with.
The length of paper should contain no more than 1500 words.
I. Organisation
1. Abstract
The objective of this very short statement is to tell the reader something about the purpose of the course work and its content. You should explain what you intend to do and why. Then you should tell the reader what you did and what you would recommend.
The Abstract should be written at the end, when you have finished your work and the structure is complete. It may du.
AP LanguageMrs. MathewUnit 3 Synthesis ProjectYou will .docxjesuslightbody
AP Language
Mrs. Mathew
Unit 3: Synthesis Project
You will be creating an AP Exam Synthesis Question. The Synthesis Question gives you several sources and asks you to combine (synthesize) them with your own thoughts to create a cohesive essay. This is the same goal as a research paper. Your question (prompt) and sources should be formatted, labeled, and presented as on the AP Lang Exam. This will be modeled after the ones in the sample packets you were given.
Source Requirements:
· 8 sources
· No sources older than 10 years
· At least two sources published within the last two years (2020, 2021, 2022)
· Provide 1-2 sources that are images (political cartoons, graphs, charts, etc.)
· Sources should demonstrate a range of positions and approaches to the topic. Your goal is to figure out what 2-3 of the main “sides” are in the debate around the issue and represent those sides fairly.
Research Resources:
· Use this
link to access academic databases through CPS and Lane.
Example topics:
· Security vs Privacy: Personal Rights
· Standardized Education Movement
· Parenting Styles of the 21st Century
· Why Movements Matter: Voices of the People
· Technology’s Impact on American Families
Project Requirements:
Include, neatly formatted in one document
· Prompt page with directions, introduction, and assignment
· 6 sources
·
MLA citation of each source
· 3 potential thesis statements for this essay
a. One that is open
b. One that is closed
c. One that is a counter argument thesis.
· Choose one thesis statement, and create an outline of a response to ensure that others can synthesize these sources.
The most effective Synthesis Prompts give the test-takers a wide variety of sources to consider. These sources are of various types, lengths, and opinions. This diversity allows each test-taker to choose their own individual approach to the assignment while providing them with the tools to adequately synthesize into their paper.
You are going to choose EIGHT sources specific to your assigned topic. This will ensure that your group will be providing sources that show the complexity of the issue.
Therefore, when choosing your sources, keep several guidelines in mind:
1. Choose sources that cover a variety of viewpoints on your assigned topic, making sure to keep the sides evenly represented.
2. Choose sources from a wide variety of locations and formats. Use the list below as guidance; it is certainly not all-inclusive. Requirements are in CAPITAL letters. Beyond those required types, you may choose the rest of your sources at your discretion.
**ACADEMIC JOURNAL
National Newspaper (online or print editions)
Data
Online Article (NO WIKIPEDIA)
**EDITORIAL
Poll Results
** NEWS WEBSITE
Popular Culture Magazine
**IMAGE (graphs, charts, cartoons, photos)
Primary Book Source
Essay by an expert
Private Web Page or Blog post
Field-Specific Magazine article
Published letter from individual
Government Publicat.
Page 1 of 4 Controversial Issues in American Culture Rese.docxaryan532920
Page 1 of 4
Controversial Issues in American Culture Research Paper
Assignment:
Living in a diverse society, we are often trying to balance our personal experience and opinions agai nst a
backdrop of the large communal experience. What we think, feel, and believe can be in sharp contrast
with the people and the society around us. Thus, students need to learn how to research, structure, and
advance their opinions by providing evidence to support them. This assignment will help students
formulate their opinions on a controversial topic in an argumentative essay using evidence from primary
and secondary sources. Though nearly any topic will suffice for the purpose of this paper, all topics must
be open to dispute. Students will need to formulate their opinions on the topic but also concede and
refute the oppositional opinions through counte rarguments. We will use class time to discuss research
methods but the rest of your research will be your responsibility.
Decide On a Topic:
Deciding on a topic that is not too broad, nor too narrow will take some effort . In order to present a
convincing argument, consider the following:
1. Draw on the student’s personal experience. It is important to spend time and energy on a topic
that means something to you. Think about topics they may come up in your chosen career field,
in everyday life, or things that you think should be changed in society , but that there is no easy
answer or resolution.
2. Be sure to “resist binary thinking” (Greene and Lidinsky 88). Make sure that the topic chosen can
support several, if not many, different viewpoints.
3. Synthesize others’ views and find new ways to look at the issues.
4. When researching, read to “discover a writer’s frame” to see how his/her ideas and theories can
benefit your own, or if they can be used in counterarguments.
5. Decide whether the issue an issue of fact, value, or policy? Is it a combination of two or more?
Topics should present a position that has varying perspectives.
General Topics include:
Addiction/Alcohol/ Drugs
Bilingual Education
Birth Control
Body Image
Censorship
Eating Disorders
Ethnic Stereotypes
Family Values
Gay Rights
Gender Discrimination
Gun Control
Health
Homosexuality/
Sexual Orientation
Immigration
Interracial
Relationships
Legalized Gambling
Politics
Music/Art
Education
Religion
Role Models
Sexual Assaults
Sexual Relationships
Single Parents
Sports Industry
Stereotypes
Terrorism
Tobacco
Video Games
Violence
War
**For more topics, check out the folder in the Research Project folder
Students should come up with an issue-based question about their topic:
Think and try on different perspectives about the issue
Page 2 of 4
Discuss why the issue is important to the student, and then why this issue may be important to
other people.
Determine what is up for ...
ENGLISH 1302GUIDELINES FOR THE ACADEMIC PROPOSALPurposeTo.docxYASHU40
ENGLISH 1302
GUIDELINES FOR THE ACADEMIC PROPOSAL
Purpose:
To persuade your professor and yourself that your research project is a well planned and valuable project in which will be successful. You will be seeking approval of a project: that project is your research paper. Once your proposal is approved, you will begin putting together your research paper.
Audience:
Yourself and your English 1302 instructor
Topic:
Write and submit a proposal of your research paper. Proposal: 2-3 pages. Based on Lesson 6: “Gathering Research,” Lesson 7: “Integrating Research,” and Lesson 8: “Documenting Research.”
You may select the topic from an area of interest in your major field. Consult the suggested writing assignments in Student Course Guide for the Writer’s Odyssey for Lesson 8, p. 65.
Format:
Write a brief document that summarizes your research project for this course.
These are the major components of an Academic Research Proposal and you will section your proposal according to these components:
An overview of the completed research paper, includingAn introduction to your project and a preliminary thesis statement
A short summary of the topic you are researching including short
quotations, and paraphrases from some of your potential sourcesA description of the basic elements of your paper
An explanation of the how readers will benefit from reading this paper
A strong conclusion
2. Your detailed, specific plan for completing this project, including a timetable
tailored to your specific work and home schedule
3. A working bibliography: a list of at least four reliable sources in correct
MLA citation format
Requirements:
MLA format
Two to three pages plus a
One page working bibliography
Evaluation will be based on how well you
Tailored your message for your audience
Wrote an introduction that engages your reader
Stated a brief overview of your project
Used correct MLA citation format in the text and in your bibliography
Explained how readers will benefit from your research project Provided a complete, realistic plan for completion of your research paper, including all the required checkpointsSupplied the necessary details to support your proposal
Concluded strongly, perhaps refocusing on your thesis
Designed the proposal so that it is easy to read
Wrote with language that is concise, positive, and specific Edited your proposal carefully.
English 1302 also addresses the following objectives.
The basis for rating each item on the proposal and research paper rubric:
Introduction with strong thesis and clear sense of audience and purposeDo the opening sentences bring the reader to the general topic?
Is there an attempt to hook the reader?
Does the thesis contain a controlling idea or clear direction that indicates the writer’s purpose?
Indicates clear organization, critical thinking, logical development of ideas, exposition and or argumentDoes the writer organize the paper in a logical manner?
...
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...
INDS302Annotated BibliographyDue 16th Sept.docx
1. INDS302
Annotated Bibliography
Due 16th September 2022
Weight – 25%
Length 1500 words
Assessment Task 2 – Annotated Bibliography
Task 2 - Annotated Bibliography
Due 16th September 2022
For the purpose of this assessment task, you are being asked to
identify at least ten (10) sources that are appropriate for your
area of inquiry and field of study (i.e your project)
The completed task has three parts.
2. The first part will consists of five (5) fully annotated sources;
The second part will have five (5) partially annotated sources;
The third part will be a synthesis of your findings from your
annotated bibliography.
Part one
Five fully annotated sources.
Each of these entries will consist of:
1. An accurate bibliographic entry.
2. Discuss not only the main arguments of the source you have
read, but also the key issues/problems it addresses and raises, as
well as the analytical methodologies or lenses it uses to
approach its research. The point here is not to offer a point-by-
point summary of the article.
3. Assessment/evaluation of the source in the context of the
field and your own research. Your annotations should
thoroughly evaluate, analyse, and discuss the relevance of the
source for your research project.
a) How and why is this text important or relevant to the field of
research as you understand it?
b) What has it added to your own emerging understanding of
this topic/issue/field?
c) How does this text complement, support, or contradict the
other sources you have included? (you do not need to discuss its
3. connection to every other source)
d) Why do you find this source trustworthy/credible?
Part two
Five partially annotated sources.
Each of those entries will include:
1. An accurate bibliographic entry. Remember, it should be
alphabetic.
2. A few sentences explaining why these sources are currently
runner-ups for your final paper (in other words, they are decent,
fairly credible sources, but as of right now, you are uncertain
about using them for your capstone project).
Part three
The Synthesis and development of research topic.
The final part of this assessment task involves a synthesis of
your findings from your annotated bibliography.
4. In this section, use your findings and annotations to begi n
defining possible directions for your capstone project: what are
the major questions or problems (remaining to be addressed,
researched, answered, etc.) that have emerged from the research
you have done, and how do you plan to develop and structure
your own research project so that you can begin responding to
these questions/issues/problems?
Your synthesis should discuss and refer to the sources in your
annotated bibliography to show how your refined research
direction emerges from the research itself.
What sources should I choose to annotate?
You will need to carefully consider which texts to select for
your annotated bibliography. This is particularly the case for
the five sources you choose to fully annotate. Keep the
following questions in mind to help clarify your choices.
What topic/problem am I investigating?
What are the central question(s) I am exploring?
Identify the aim of your literature research.
What kind of material am I looking at and why?
Am I looking for journal articles, reports, policies or primary
historical data?
5. Am I being judicious in my selection of texts?
Does each text relate to my capstone project topic and
assignment requirements?
What are the essential or key texts on my topic?
Am I finding them?
Are the sources valuable or often referred to in other texts?
This website has multiple places to find Indigenous sources
https://uow.libguides.com/indigenous-studies
Once you have your sources, you need to read them
This sounds obvious, but one mistake many students make is not
actually reading the source they are referring to. This is usually
pretty obvious to the marker, especially when what they are
saying isn’t actually supported by the source at all.
This video talks about effective ways to read your sources
https://www.timsquirrell.com/blog/2018/9/27/new-
video-6-tips-to-improve-reading-and-note-taking
As you read your sources, think critically about them and take
notes about their key ideas and themes
6. What is the author trying to convince you about?
Do you agree with them? Why?
Do you disagree with them? Why?
What are some examples of what they are talking about that you
can see in the world around you? Or examples of it in other
articles you’ve read?
How does what they are writing support your argument? Or does
it contradict you?
What evidence are they using to support their argument?
https://www.student.unsw.edu.au/annotated-bibliography
There are many great guides on how to write an annotated
bibliography:
https://www.student.unsw.edu.au/annotated-bibliography
https://www.monash.edu/learnhq/write-like-a-pro/how-to-
write.../annotated-bibliography
https://www.uow.edu.au/student/learning-co-
op/assessments/annotated-bibliography/
7. Marking Criteria
Quality and authority of sources selected: Do the sources appear
reliable, authoritative and are they of good or high quality?
Identification & description of authority of sources: Do the
annotations fully, characterize author(s), audience and publisher
of those sources?
Quality & clarity of the summary of ideas in sources: Are the
main ideas of the sources, including nuances and subtleties,
clearly summarized?
Representation & discussion of relevance of sources to paper or
project: Is the relationship of the sources (and the key ideas
identified) clearly described in relationship to capstone project?
Quantity of sources cited: Does the annotated bibliography
include the required or an appropriate number of sources?
Accuracy of the citations: Are the citations complete? Are any
errors relatively minor?
Research strategies & tools: Is there a clear description of
research strategies employed and tools consulted?
8. Reference list
The UOW learning co-op has a guide to how to reference found
here
https://www.uow.edu.au/student/learning-co-
op/referencing-and-citing/
We recommend the Author-Date Harvard style of referencing
for INDS subjects which can be found here
http://uow.libguides.com/refcite/uowharvard
Example of a reference list (bibliography):
Dolnicar, S, Crouch, GI & Long, P 2008, ‘Environment-friendly
tourists: what do we really know about them?’, Journal of
Sustainable Tourism, vol.16, no. 2, pp. 197-210.
Example of in-text referencing:
"the Nuer of southern Sudan lacked any..." (Metcalf 2005, p.
184)
"The experience of ..." (Savage, Bagnall & Longhurst 2005, p.
28)
Formatting
1500 words +/- 10%
9. Your annotated bibliography should be size 12, Times New
Roman, and 1.5 spaced
You should use the Harvard (Author Date) style for referencing
Your pages should be numbered
You should have your name and student number on the first
page
Check out the UOW Indigenous terminology guide “You can’t
say that” before beginning your task.
Always capitalize Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islander, and
Indigenous
Never use the term Aborigine or ATSI to describe Indigenous
people
“Aboriginal people” is a better phrase than “Aboriginals”
Always reference where you got your information from
Turnitin will show us when you have copied your assessment.
Even work from overseas universities will show up on Turnitin
In INDS subjects, there are some common mistakes that
10. students have made in the past
https://documents.uow.edu.au/content/groups/public/@web/@wi
c/documents/doc/uow257281.pdf
Credit: Charlotte Allingham via Reachout
(https://au.reachout.com/articles/how-to-be-an-ally-to-
aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-people)
Mental Health and Support Services
Beyond Blue
Information and support for anxiety, depression and suicide
prevention for everyone in Australia, 24 hours a day, 7 days a
week.
https://www.beyondblue.org.au/
Phone: 1300 22 46 36
UOW Wellbeing
Free and confidential help for UOW students 24 hours a day, 7
days a week.
https://www.uow.edu.au/student/support-services/counselling/
Phone: 1300 036 149
13YARN [Thirteen YARN]
National crisis support line for Aboriginal & Torres Strait
Islander people who are feeling overwhelmed or having
11. difficulty coping. Speak with a confidential Aboriginal &
Torres Strait Islander Crisis Supporter who can provide crisis
support 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
https://www.13yarn.org.au/about-us
Phone: 13 92 76
Image Credit: Charlotte Allingham via Reachout
(https://au.reachout.com/articles/how-to-be-an-ally-to-
aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-people)
Good Luck!
https://www.naidoc.org.au/resources/poster-gallery
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1
RENJU PETER
6587690
The Divide and Rule Policy in Colonialism and Its Importance
in the Construction of
Democracy to Eradicate Racism
A divide and rule strategy seeks to keep someone in power by
dividing groups of people
who would otherwise band together to oppose them. "Divide and
rule" refers to an imperialist
force's deliberate attempt to foster or exploit racial, linguistic,
cultural, tribal, or religious
divisions among the people of a colony under its control
(Acemoglu, et al. 2004). Colonialism is
the process of establishing a full or fractional administrative
governor over another nation,
13. settling there, and then economically exploiting that nation
(Horvath, 1972). It is best to maintain
and obtain power through conflict (Arbatli, et al. 2021). Divide
and rule tactics have been used to
undermine enemy military alliances, creating a vacuum that has
allowed the state to establish
military superiority. This is accomplished by spreading
propaganda in an attempt to cast doubt
on the relationship.
However, the divide and rule strategy does not take into account
the potential for the
enrolment of new rebels or the potential for it to be abused by
the political divisions among the
targeted population. Whether these distinctions are only
ideological or if there are additional
2
factors involved, such as ethnic and natural variances
(Fairclough, 2008). The goal of this study
is to uncover the issues that arise when the divide and rule
strategy is put into practice.
Democracy in a divide and rule system is crucial because it
fosters ideals like worker rights and
14. religious freedom, which also contribute to a more secure,
stable, and successful world (Achen,
et al 2017). This is accomplished by a system of governance in
which all of the eligible citizens
of a state, who are representatives, are elected.
Rationale
A divide-and-conquer method divides a problem into two or
more sub-problems of the
same or closely related type until they are simple enough to
solve on their own. The solutions to
the sub-problems are then combined to provide a solution to the
main problem. It is important to
note that physical violence was not a factor in the selection of
these cases, although violence
against marginalized groups can result from societal injustice.
Although many of the cases
featured have historically or currently involved violence, and at
least two are thought to have
progressed to crimes against humanity, this study focuses solely
on the UN's involvement in
those instances based on anti-discrimination principles
(Farooqui, 2015). We do not select cases
in which the UN intervened to deal with the aftermath of
genocide (for example, Rwanda or
15. Guatemala), nor do we examine the use of UN procedures
intended to prevent genocide or ethnic
cleansing in these situations. On those mechanisms, there is
already a sizable and well-
established body of knowledge.
Additionally, To eliminate racism, racial discrimination,
xenophobia, and related
intolerance, current laws, policies, programs, activities, needs,
and human and institutional
resources will be taken into consideration in the baseline study.
Disaggregated statistical data
3
will be gathered to uncover racism's patterns and the challenges
that need to be overcome to
eradicate racism and discrimination, with a focus on new and
developing forms of racial
prejudice. Xenophobia and Related Intolerance National Action
Plan to Combat Racism, Racial
(Jana & Sarkar, 2021). Discrimination is done by ensuring that
those who have been the victims
of racial discrimination have access to justice, by enforcing
anti-discrimination programs, and by
16. increasing public awareness of the prohibition of racial
discrimination among the general public
and potential victims.
Literature review
Ideally, Divide and conquer is a strategy used by both
colonialism and democracy, but
democracy also employs multiparty government, which is
equally dangerous. As a government,
it divides the elite into polarized political parties, with one
serving as the ruling party and the
other as the opposition. The nation's intellectual elite is divided,
and the proponents of
democracy move to subdue them. Deep schisms can
occasionally erupt into physical violence
against one another. The natives, on the other hand, are blind to
the true foe. The ruling party's
main focus is the struggle to maintain power at the expense of
national development. Instead of
truly cooperating to strengthen their position and utilize their
collective brainpower, the current
administration imprisons and executes its critics (King, 2002).
Democracy thrives when the
president is surrounded by flatterers and acclaimed appraisers.
17. Additionally, one of the most pervasive myths of our time is
that democracy is exercised
through voting by ordinary people who use their power to
decide how they are governed. The
claim persists that by exercising their right to vote, voters have
the power to end dangerous
policies of previous administrations, such as withdrawing
American troops from Iraq and
4
Afghanistan, which were based on false intelligence from the
start, closing the extremely
embarrassing Guantanamo Prison, guaranteeing a minimum
wage for workers, and so on. It's all
pretentious nonsense. Ordinary people are frequently misled
into believing they have electoral
power, although they do not have any power except through
violent revolution.
In addition, the locals have been misled into believing that they
practice democracy
because they have access to electricity. The world is ruled by
autocracy or self-interested
authority. There are both institutionalized and individualized
18. versions. While power is
institutionalized in Europe and North America, it has a history
of taking on individualized forms
in Africa. Western institutions are very authoritarian, and their
public relations directors are
frequently referred to incorrectly as Presidents or Prime
Ministers. In reality, the holders of these
positions have no authority other than their own words and
notoriety. The false assertion that
democracy includes not only elections but also other civic
liberties and compassionate treatment
is embarrassingly out of date. African history is littered with
civic regimes that have little to do
with how we currently define democracy. The notion that their
democracy guarantees and
equates with humanity and civil liberties is not only
problematically ahistorical but also a terrible
deception. Behind it is the claim that Africans have been duped
and that their resources are being
taken right in front of their eyes.
Moreover, the eulogy Slavoj Zizek wrote for Nelson Mandela
after his passing captures
the predatory peril of democracy. A conclusion is that Mandela
failed in his efforts to redistribute
19. land and lift apartheid victims out of the economic ghetto. Zizek
discusses the complex conflict
between capitalism and democracy, including how leaders are
mocked, fought as authoritarians,
and occasionally even slain. A leader or party gets elected with
widespread support and promises
of a "new world," but sooner or later, they face the crucial
choice of whether to touch the
5
workings of capitalism or to "play the game." Market
turbulence, economic turmoil, and other
"punishments" come extremely quickly if one upsets these
mechanisms (Michalopoulos &
Papaioannou, 2011). Although Zizek discusses outright hostility
from capitalists, we must
acknowledge that capitalism's exploitative nature has thrived
with "democracy" as its most
important enabler, its mechanism that most critically divides
and diverts resistance to
exploitation.
The three parts of the government's responsibility for upholding
human rights are
20. promotion, protection, and the prevention of violations,
sometimes known as the "3Ps" or
prosecution, protection, and prevention. The State is expressly
obligated by the elected
government's constitution to uphold, defend, and advance the
rights guaranteed by the Bill of
Rights. States are required by international law to respect,
safeguard, and uphold the human
rights of every individual who resides on their territory or is
subject to their authority, without
any form of discrimination (Morrock, 1973). Additionally,
States, including all divisions within
them, are primarily responsible for promoting and upholding all
human rights, including
preventing their abuses. States have a responsibility to guard
against violations of human rights
by outside parties, especially private actors. States may violate
their commitments under
international human rights law if they don't take the necessary
action to stop, look into, punish,
and address abuse by private actors.
Problem statement
The phrase "divide-and-rule" refers to a tactic used by tyrants to
21. maintain control by
taking advantage of coordination issues among potential
enemies. Rulers can disrupt competing
power blocs by issuing discriminatory offers or fines or by
obliterating communication lines
6
between possible rivals. Using original data on cabinet changes,
I shall examine the effects of
"divide-and-rule" politics in this essay. In the empirical
analysis, I specifically examine whether
cabinet changes have an impact on the likelihood that a ruler
will be overthrown in a coup d’état
and the likelihood that a coup attempt will occur (Urbinati,
2014). The data shows that the
likelihood of a successful coup is reduced when there are
frequent government changes. Even
after adopting an instrumental variable technique to account for
econometrics, this conclusion
showed to be reliable. The outcomes also revealed that leaders
run the risk of increasing the
likelihood of coup attempts if they frequently reshuffle their
ministries (Ray, 2018). The
22. likelihood of a coup attempt is positively correlated with
cabinet volatility, which is determined
by the number of cabinet shuffles within six months.
Moreover, in democracy creation, It is unclear what the
relationship between "divide-
and-rule" politics and political instability is. When considering
the impact of each change as a
separate event, the data show no consistent relationship between
cabinet changes and the
likelihood of a successful coup (Dixon, et al 2015). However, a
cabinet reshuffle appears to
significantly increase the likelihood of a revolt. When divide -
and-rule politics is framed as a
leadership quality and the variable is quantified as the average
number of cabinet shuffles a
leader carried out each year while in office, the results become
more understandable. Leaders
who frequently change their cabinet appear to be less vulnerable
to a coup during their rule.
Reference Bibliography
7
Acemoglu, D., Verdier, T., & Robinson, J. A. (2004).
23. Kleptocracy and divide-and-rule: A model
of personal rule. Journal of the European Economic Association,
2(2-3), 162-192.
Achen, C. H., & Bartels, L. M. (2017). Democracy for realists.
In Democracy for Realists.
Princeton University Press.
Arbatli, E., & Rosenberg, D. (2021). United we stand, divided
we rule: how political polarization
erodes democracy. Democratization, 28(2), 285-307.
Fairclough, A. (2008). Race & democracy: the civil rights
struggle in Louisiana, 1915-1972.
University of Georgia Press.
Fairclough, A. (2008). Race & democracy: the civil rights
struggle in Louisiana, 1915-1972.
University of Georgia Press.
Farooqui, A. (2015). 'Divide and Rule? Race, Military
Recruitment and Society in Late
Nineteenth Century Colonial India. Social Scientist, 43(3/4),
49-59.
Horvath, R. J. (1972). A definition of colonialism. Current
Anthropology, 13(1), 45-57.
Jana, T., & Sarkar, S. (2021). A Nation within a Nation: English
Education as a Tool of Divide
24. and Rule Policy in Colonial India. Rupkatha Journal on
Interdisciplinary Studies in
Humanities, 13(1).
King, D. S. (2002). Making Americans: Immigration, race, and
the origins of the diverse
democracy. Harvard University Press.
Michalopoulos, S., & Papaioannou, E. (2011). Divide and Rule
or the Rule of the Divided?
Evidence from Africa (No. w17184). National Bureau of
Economic Research.
Mishra, V., & Hodge, B. (2015). □ What is Post (-) colonialism?
In Colonial discourse and post-
colonial theory (pp. 276-290). Routledge.
8
Morrock, R. (1973). Heritage of Strife: The Effects of
Colonialist “Divide and Rule” Strategy
upon the Colonized Peoples. Science & Society, 37(2), 129–
151.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/40401707
Ray, S. (2018). Beyond divide and rule: Explaining the link
between British colonialism and
25. ethnic violence. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 24(4), 367-
388.
Sandhu, A. H. (2009). Reality divide and Rule'in British India.
Pakistan Journal of History &
Culture, 30(1).
Dixon, J., Durrheim, K., Thomae, M., Tredoux, C., Kerr, P., &
Quayle, M. (2015). Divide and
rule, unite and resist: Contact, collective action and policy
attitudes among historically
disadvantaged groups. Journal of Social Issues, 71(3), 576-596.
Urbinati, N. (2014). Democracy disfigured. In Democracy
Disfigured. Harvard University Press.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/40401707