This document discusses indicators of non-internet use in France based on survey and qualitative data. It aims to develop a new quantitative typology of non-users by analyzing factors like behaviors, attitudes, representations, social environment and the role of technology in daily life. The 2008 M@rsouin survey of 2000 Bretons identified 5 clusters of non-users: potential users, hesitants, resistors, excluded, and future users. The typology provides insights into how non-use is socially constructed and informed by knowledge and motivation levels. Further investigation is needed on how access as well as access to knowledge and information shape non-use decisions and the role of technology in everyday life.

1. Annabelle Boutet Jocelyne Trémenbert Télécom Bretagne – M@rsouin Indicators of Non-use Situation

2. The digital divide In France one third of the population do not use the Internet (Crédoc « La diffusion des technologies de l'information et de la communication dans la société française (2008) » ) Very different non use situations Different typologies often based on socio-economic factors

3. Aims of the paper to contribute to the knowledge of non-internet users using the result of a dialogue between qualitative and quantitative approaches clarify the concept of non-use following the sociology of uses’s tradition and explore survey based literature fit qualitative determinants to quantitative indicators develop a new quantitative typology of non-users

4. The concept of non use Non-users behave, develop attitudes and representations even if they do not use, As users construct their practice, non-users construct their non-practice, Non-users must be considered through their social environment, their circle.

5. What we know about typologies The example of Selwyn’s 2006 typology The absolute non users The truly unconnected The lapsed users The rare users

6. Our hypothesis To analyse non use we need to deconstruct our users’ points of view The typology must be based on elements of non usage such as: behaviours, attitudes and representations, the place, status and role of the non user’s circle (children, spouse,close relations, colleagues …), the place of ICT in daily activities (time allocation).

7. M@rsouin 2008 Survey A telephone poll, conducted in May and June 2008 ‏ Answered by 2000 Bretons 15 years and more A sample representative of population as a function of criteria of both gender, age, occupation and the size of the urban cities crossed by the main administrative areas (the departments)

8. Socio-economic results Internet rejection explained by age, social life, education level, children in the household, the proportion of Internet circle usage, income, household’s age, the localisation

10. A divide explained by knowledge and motivation degrees 5 clusters (Ascendant Hierarchical Classification) 5% : the users to be 19% : the potential users 41% : probably the hesitants 16% : the resistants 19% : the excluded

11. Conclusions better knowledge of users through proxies and particularly the interactions between them and their proxies new evidence to explore the process of construction of systems of representation that is the cognitive and social dimensions of construction experience of non-use

12. Further investigations A question of access … but also of access to the knowledge and the information Non use is the result of several decisions ICT place in everyday life

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