The document summarizes the major river systems of India - the Indus, Brahmaputra, and Ganga. It provides details on the source, length, tributaries, and course of each river. For the Indus and Brahmaputra, it lists the countries they pass through and their mountain ranges. It then describes the major tributaries of each river in India, providing information on their source and where they join the main river.

2.  The rivers of India can be classified into four groups
viz., Himalayan rivers, Deccan rivers, Coastal rivers,
and Rivers of the inland drainage basin.
 The Himalayan Rivers are formed by melting snow and
glaciers and therefore, continuously flow throughout the
year. During the monsoon months, Himalayas receive very
heavy rainfall and rivers swell, causing frequent floods.
 The Deccan Rivers on the other hand are rain fed and
therefore fluctuate in volume. Many of these are non-
perennial.
 The Coastal streams, especially on the west coast are short
in length and have limited catchment areas. Most of them
are non-perennial.
 The streams of inland drainage basin of western Rajasthan
are few. Most of them are of an ephemeral character.

4. INDUS RIVER SYSTEM

5.  Country- China, India, Pakistan
 Source- Tibetan plateau, Mount Kailash glaciers, China
 Length- 2897 km, 709 km in India
 Discharge- Indus River Delta, Arabian sea, Pakistan and Kori
creek, Runn of Kutch of India
 Names- Sênggê Zangbo and Lion river in Tibet, Sindhu in
Hindi, Satnad River in Pakistan
 Mountain Ranges- Kailash (China), karakoram, Deosai,
Ladakh, Zaskar, Pir Panjal, Shiwalik, Dhauladhar (India),
Nanga Parbat, Hindu kush, Sulaiman, Kirthar (Pakistan)
 Endangered Wildlife- Indus Dolphin, Eurasian Otter, Sindh
Otter, Golden Masheer, Catfish

6. Tributaries
 Gar Tsangpo in Tibet
Indian Tributaries-
 Zaskar River- It is a left bank tributary of Indus; Originated
from Bara Lacha La in Himachal Pradesh; Doda and Tsarap
rivers are two main tributaries; joins the Indus near
"Nimmu" in Ladakh.
 Shyok River- It is a right bank tributary; Originates at Rimo
glacier, near Siachin; Nubra and Saltoro are two major
tributaries; joins the Indus at Keris, east of the town
of Skardu.
 Gilgit River- right bank tributary; starts from Shandur Lake
(Pakistan); Hunja river is main tributary; joins the Indus
River at junction point of three mountains ranges near
town of Juglot (Karakoram, Hindukush and Himalayas).
 Shigar River- right bank tributary; starts from Baltoro
glacier (Pakistan); Joins the Indus in Skardu Valley.

7.  Suru River- left bank tributary; originates from the Panzella
glacier; flows entirely in Kargil Distt; Dras river is the main
tributary; joins Indus at Nurla, Skardu.
 Panjnad River- left bank tributary; this is a river in Punjab,
Pakistan. Panjnad is formed by successive confluence or
merger of the five rivers of the Punjab, namely Jhelum,
Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Sutlej. Jhelum and Ravi join Chenab,
Beas joins Sutlej, and then Sutlej and Chenab join to form
Panjnad in Muzaffar Garh district. The combined stream
runs southwest for approximately 45 miles and joins
the Indus River at Mithankot.
 Jhelum River- Vitasta(Sanskrit), Hydaspes(Greek),
Bihat(Urdu); Originates from Verinag spring, Anantnag Distt
Merges with Chenab river at Jhang, Pakistan
Forms Wular Lake in Bandipora distt.
Lidder, Sind, Kishenganga, Kunhar, Poonch rivers are major
tributaries.

8.  Chenab River- Askini(Sanskrit); The river is formed by the
confluence of two rivers, Chandra(originates from Sura Taal
lake) and Bhaga(originates from glaciers of Bara Lacha La), at
Tandi, in the Lahaul and Spiti district in the Himachal
Pradesh; Marusadar river is main tributary, merges with
Jhelum and Ravi and Sutlej to form Panjad river.
 Ravi River- Iravati, Parushni (Sanskrit), Hydraotes (Greek);
originates from Barabangal glaciers Kangra distt, Himachal
Pradesh; Buhil, Nai, Seul, Siawa, Tant Gari are major
tributaries; merges with Chenab river at Ahmadpur sial distt
of Pakistan; Lahore city is on eastern bank.
 Beas River- Vipasa(Sanskrit), Bias(Hindi), Hypasis(Greek);
Originates from Beas Kund near Rohtang Pass in Kullu;
divided into three channels in Reh and reunite in Mirthal;
Bain and Banganga are major tributaries; joins Sutlej river at
Kapurthala, Punjab.

9.  Sutlej River- Shatadru(Bengali), Langqên Zangbo (Elephant River in
Tibet); Originates from Rakas lake, Tibet; enters into India through
Shipki La pass in Himachal Pradesh; Ungti chu and Pare chu are
tributaries from Kashmir, Baspa, Spiti and Beas rivers are other
tributaries; unites with Chenab river to form Panjad river.
 Ghaggar-Hakra River- It’s an seasonal river in India and Pakistan that
flows only during the monsoon season. The river is known as Ghaggar
before the Ottu barrage and as the Hakra downstream of the barrage.
The Hakra river is hydraulically connected to the Nara River; After the
construction of the Ottu Barrage, the downstream Hakra river dried
up fully but subsurface flow is maintained to the Nara river which
becomes later the delta channel of the Indus River before joining the
sea via Kori Creek in Gujarat state.
 Tributaries of Pakistan- Soan river, Swat river, Kunar river,
Kurram river, Kabul river, Gomal river, Zhob river, Tochi river.

10. BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER SYSTEM

11.  Country- China, India, Bangladesh
 Source- Angsi, Chemayungdung glaciers in Kailash range,
near Mansarowar lake
 Length- 2900 km, 916 km in India
 Discharge- Ganga- Brahmaputra Delta, Bangladesh
 Names- Yarlung Zangbo (China), Tsangpo(Tibet),
Dihang(Arunachal Pradesh), Jamuna (Bangladesh)
 Mountain Ranges- Himalayas, Gangdise range,
Nyainqentanglha shan (China); Dafla hills, Miri Hills, Abor
hills, Mishmi hills, Patkai range(Arunachal Pradesh); Naga
hills(Nagaland); Barail range, Mikir hills(Assam); Garo, Khasi
Jayantia hills(Megalaya)
 Endangered Wildlife- One horned Rhinoceros, Elephants,
Bengal Tiger, Bengal Florican, Wild water buffalo, Pygmy
hog, Marsh babbler, Softshell turtle, Assam Roofed turtle,
River Dolphin, Brahmaputra Palmfly,

12. Tributaries
 Raka Zangbo and Nyang Qu in Tibet
 The Yarlung Tsangpo enters the state of Arunachal
Pradesh in India through a succession of great narrow
gorges between the mountainous massifs of Gyala
Peri and Namcha Barwa (Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon),
where it is called Siang or Dihang.
 Dibang River- originates near Keya Pass, Dibang valley
district; joins Lohit river at Sadiya, Assam.
 Lohit River- left bank tributary; originates at Kangri Garpo
range, Tibet; flows near India's eastern most inhabited tip,
at a place called Kibithu; Bhupen Hazarika Setu, the longest
bridge in India on this river, joins Dibang river at Assam-
Arunachal border.
 Burhi Dihing River- left bank tributary; originates from
Patkai hills, Arunachal Pradesh; joins Brahmaputra at
Dihingmukh.

13.  Subansiri River- Gold river; right bank tributary; originates
in the Himalayas in Tibet; Ranganadi is a major tributory;
joins Brahmaputra at Lakhimpur, Assam.
 Dhansiri River- left bank tributary; originates from Laisang
peak of Nagaland; joins Brahmaputra at Golaghat, Assam.
 Kameng River- Jia Bhoreli (Assam); right bank tributary;
originates from glaciers of Gori Chen Mountain, Tawang,
Arunachal pradesh; Tippi, Tenga, Bichom, Dirang chu rivers
are major tributaries; Joins Brahmaputra at Tezpur, Assam.
 Kopili River- left bank tributary; originates at Jayantia hills,
Meghalaya; joins Brahmaputra at Nagaon, Assam.
 Puthimari River- right bank tributary; Lokhaitora river
originates from Bhutan merges with Suklai river in Assam to
form Puthimari river; joins Brahmaputra at Guwahati,
Assam.

14.  Majuli Island- Between Dibrugarh and Lakhimpur Districts, the river
divides into two channels- the northern Kherkutia channel and the
southern Brahmaputra channel. The two channels join again about
100 km (62 mi) downstream, forming the Majuli island, which is the
largest river island in the world.
 Manas River- Niamjang(China), Drangme Chhu(Bhutan); right bank
tributary; Mangde, Dragme and Kuru rivers merge to form Manas
river; joins Brahmaputra at Jogighopa, Assam.
 Beki River- Kurissu(Bhutan); right bank tributary; originates in Bhutan.
 Raidak River- Wang Chhu(Bhutan), Dudhkumar (Bangladesh); right
bank tributary; originates near Thimphu, Bhutan; flows into west
Bengal and joins Brahmaputra at Kurigram, Bangladesh.
 Tista River- right bank tributary; originates from Pahunri glacier,
Sikkim; Rangpo, Lachung, Rangeet rivers are major tributaries; joins
Brahmaputra at Rangpur, Banglaesh.
 Jamuna River- Below the Tista, the Brahmaputra splits into
two distributary branches. The western branch, which contains the
majority of the river's flow, continues due south as the Jamuna to
merge with the lower Ganga, called the Padma River. The eastern
branch is called the Old Brahmaputra.

15.  Barak River- originates from Manipur hills; flows through Assam and
enters into Banglaesh where it is known as Surma and Kushiara river.
 Meghna River- The Meghna is formed due to the confluence of
the Surma and Kushiyara rivers. Old Brahmaputra Joins Meghna,
Dhaleshwari river also joins meghna, further Padma river also joins
Meghna and called lower Meghna at Chandpur, Bangladesh. The
combined flow of the Padma, Jamuna and Meghna moves down to
the Bay of Bengal.

16. GANGA RIVER SYSTEM

17.  Country- India, Nepal, Bangladesh
 Origin- Gangotri glacier, Uttarakhand
 Length- 2525 km
 Discharge- Bay of Bengal, West Bengal and Bangladesh
 Names- Padma in Bangladesh
 Mountain Ranges- Great Himalayas, Shiwalik range
(India); Mahabharat range(Nepal), Vindhya range,
Aravalli hills, Kaimur range, Maikala range, Ramgarh
hills, Chota Nagpur Plateau, Rajmahal hills (Central
India)
 Endangered Wildlife- Gharial, Dolphin, Bengal tiger, Red
fox, Lesser florican, Indian Rhinoceros, Smooth Coated
Otter, Masheer, Ganges shark, Crocodile, River terrapin,
turtles

18. Tributaries
 Alaknanda River- Originates at Badrinath from glaciers of
Nanda devi, Kamet and Trishul peaks.
 Dhauliganga river originates from Kamet glacier and joins
Alaknanda at Vishnu Prayag.
 Nandakini River originates from glaciers of Nanda devi and
joins Alaknanda at Nandprayag.
 Pindar Ganga river originates from Pindari glacier, Kumaon
and joins Alaknanda at Karnaprayag.
 Mandakini river originates from Chorabari glacier, Kedarnath
and joins Alaknanda at Rudraprayag.
 Bhagirathi River- Originates at Gomukh, Gangotri glacier and
Joins Alaknanda river at Devaprayag to form Ganga. All five
Prayag are known as Panch Prayag.

20. Left Bank Tributaries
 Ramganga River- Originates from Namik glacier, Doodhatoli range,
Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; flows through Jim Corbett National Park;
joins Ganga near Kannauj, UP.
 Gomti River- Originates from Gomat Taal, Pilibhit, UP; drains Capital
city Lucknow; Sai river is major tributary; joins Ganga at Ghazipur, UP;
Gomti Chakra (operculum of a rare snail) found here.
 Ghaghara River- Karnali in Nepal; Originates from Mapchachungo
glacier, Tibet; Sarda, Kauriyala, Rapti, Saryu rivers are major
tributaries; joins Ganga at Chhapra, Bihar.
 Gandak River- Originates at Nhubine Himal glacier, Mustang, Nepal;
Dhaulagiri, Mansalu, Annapurna, Trishuli rivers are major tributaries;
flows through Chitwan National Park, Nepal and Valmiki National
Park, Bihar; joins Ganga at Sonpur, Bihar.

21.  Kosi River- Sorrow of Bihar, Tamor river, Arun river and Sun
Kosi rivers merges at Tribenighat, Nepal and forms Kosi
river; It is also known as Saptkosi in Nepal because of its
seven tributaries namely, Dudh koshi, Bhote koshi,
Tamakoshi, Likhu khola and Indravati; flows through Bivha
National Park, Bihar; Koshi Barrage, Birpur was constructed
to regulate floodwater; Joins Ganga at Kursela Bihar.
 Mahananda River- Originates at Himalayas near Darjeeling,
West Bengal; Balason, Mechi, Kalkai, Kalindri are major
tributaries; joins Ganga at Nawabganj, Bangladesh.
 Jamuna River- At Murshidabad, Ganga divies into two
rivers- Hooghly and Padma. Padma river flows into
Bangladesh and merge with Jamuna river, further with
Meghna river and known as Meghna and then flows into
Bay of Bengal. Hooghly river flows through West Bengal and
empties into Bay of Bengal.

22. Right Bank Tributaries
 Kali Nadi- Originates at Muzaffarnagar, UP and joins Ganga
at Kannauj, UP.
 Yamuna River- Longest tributary of Ganga; Originates from
Yamunotri glacier, Banderpooch peak, Uttarakhand; flows
between Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh, through
Haryana and Delhi, Agra, Mathura and joins Ganga at
Triveni Sangam, Prayagraj, UP.
Tributaries of Yamuna-
1. Tons River- left bank tributary; originates from
Banderpooch peak, Uttarakhand; joins Yamuna near
Dehradun, Uttarakhand.
2. Hindon River- left bank tributary; originates from Shiwalik
range at Saharanpur, UP; flows through Muzaffarnagar,
Baghpat, Meerut, Noida, Ghaziabad and joins Yamuna near
Delhi.

23. 3. Chambal River- right bank tributary; originates from Singar
Chouri peak, Vindhya range, Indore, MP; Banas, Parbati,
Kali Sindh rivers are major tributaries; flows through Kota,
Bhind and joins Yamuna near Etawah, UP; Gharial is the
endangered animal in National Chambal Sanctuary.
4. Sindh River- right bank tributary; originates from Malwa
plateau, Vidisha, MP; flows through Gwalior, Bhind and
joins Yamuna at Jalaun, UP.
5. Betwa River- right bank tributary; originates from Vindhya
range, Raisen, MP; Jamni, Dhasan, Birma rivers are major
tributaries; joins Yamuna at Hamirpur, UP.
6. Ken River- right bank tributary; originates from Vindhya
range, near Jabalpur, Mp; flows through Bundelkhand;
Sonar, Bearma rivers are major tributaries; joins Yamuna at
Chilla, UP.

24.  Tamsa River- Tons river; originates from Kaimur range, Satna,
MP; Belan, Odda, Beehar rivers are major tributaries; joins
Ganga at Sirsa, UP.
 Son River- originates from Sonmudi peak of Maikala range,
Amarkantak, Chattisgarh; Rihand, Koel and Gopad rivers are
major tributaries; joins Ganga at Patna, Bihar.
 Mayurakshi River- originates from Tirkut hill, Deoghar,
Jharkhand; Brahmani, Kopai rivers are major tributaries; joins
Hooghly river in West Bengal.
 Damodar River- Sorrow of Bengal; originates from Chulha Pani,
Latehar, Jharkhand; Barakar, Konar, Sali rivers are major
tributaries; joins Hooghly river at Howrah, West Bengal.
 Kangsabati River- Kasai river; originates from Jabor Pahar,
Purulia, West Bengal; At Keshpur the river splits into two. The
northern branch joins the Rupnarayan River which further join
Hooghly river. The other branch joins the Kaliaghai River and
forms the Haldi River, which flows into the Bay of
Bengal at Haldia.

25. Inland Drainage Basin Rivers
 Inland drainage is that drainage in which rivers do not reach an
ocean or sea but empty their waters in a lake or an inland sea.
 Ghaggar River- It’s an seasonal river in India that flows only
during the monsoon season. The river is known as Ghaggar
before the Ottu barrage and as the Hakra downstream of the
barrage. The Hakra river is hydraulically connected to
the Nara River; After the construction of the Ottu Barrage, the
downstream Hakra river dried up fully.
 Luni River- West flowing river; originates from Aravalli hills
near Ajmer, Rajasthan; lost into Runn of Kutch, Gujrat.
 Katli River- west flowing river; originates from Ganeshwar
hills, Sikar, Rajasthan; flows through Jhunjhunu district and
dries at Churu district.
 Kakni River- originates from Aravalli near Kotri, Rajasthan,
flows through Jaisalmer; empties into Bhuj Lake.

26.  Mantha River- originates from Jaipur and empties into
Sambhar lake.
 Ruparel River- originates from Udainath hills, Alwar,
Rajasthan; disappear in Bharatpur, Rajasthan.
 Rupangarh River- originates near Ajmer and empties
into Sambhar lake.
 Sahibi River- Sabi river originates from Sewar hills and
Sota river from Bairath hills merges to form Sahibi river
at Jalalpur; flows north into Najafgarh drain, Rewari,
Haryana.

27. DECCAN RIVERS
Narmada River-

28.  States- Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujrat
 Source- Narmada Kund, Maikala Range, Anuppur, Madhya
Pradesh
 Length- 1312 km
 Discharge- Gulf of Khambhat, Gujrat
 Mountain Ranges- Maikala range, Vindhya range, Satpura range
 Endangered wildlife- Sacred Groove frog, Tiger, Leopard, Mouse
Deer, Giant squirrel, Chinkara, Four horned Antelope etc.
 Mandhata Island also called Shivapuri or Omkareshwar, is a
riverine island in the Narmada river in Khandwa, Madhya
Pradesh. Omkareshwar Jyotirlinga is situated on the southern
part of the island. The name "Omkareshwar" is due to the shape
of the island, which appears to be Om. It is about 2 km long and
1 km wide.
 The Marble Rocks is an area along the Narmada river
in Bhedaghat of Jabalpur District, Madhya Pradesh. The river has
carved the soft marble, creating a beautiful gorge of about 8 km
in length.

29. Left Bank Tributaries-
Rivers from Satpura range joins Narmada river, among
them Sher, Shakkar, Dudhi, Tawa (biggest tributary),
Chota Tawa and Karjan rivers are major tributaries.
Right Bank Tributaries-
Rivers from Vindyha range joins Narmada river, among
them Hiran, Tendoni, Choral, Kolar, Uri, Hatni, Orsang
Rivers are major tributaries.

30. Tapti/Tapi River

31.  States- Madhya Pradesh, Maharshtra, Gujrat
 Source- Gawilgarh hills, Multai, Madhya Pradesh
 Length- 700 km
 Discharge- Gulf of Khambhat, Surat, Gujrat
 Mountain Ranges- Betul plateau, Gawilgarh hills, Mahadeo
range,Satpura range, Ajanta range, Satmala hills
 Endangered Animals- Tiger, Leopard, Blackbuck, Sambhar,
Chital, Serpent Eagle, Rock Python, Rhesus monkey, Barking
Deer.
 Purna River is an important left bank tributary, joins Tapi at
Jalagaon, Maharshtra. Girna, Panzara, Bori, Waghur and
Aner Rivers are other major tributaries.
 Asirgarh Fort, Burhanpur, MP Known as the key to Deccan is
situated on Tapi river’s Bank.

32. Mahanadi River

33.  States- Chhattisgarh, Odisha
 Source- Dandakaranya, Dhamtari, Chhattisgarh
 Length- 851 km
 Discharge- Jagatsinghpur Delta, Bay of Bengal, Odisha
 Mountain ranges- Dandakaranya, Ramgarh hills, Garhjat
hills
 Enangered Wildlife- Olive Riddley Turtles, Tiger, Leopard,
Sloth Bear, Civet, Fishing Cat, Chousingha, Chital, Elephant,
Crocodile, Monitor lizard, King Cobra, Brahmany Duck.
Left Bank Tributaries-
 Seonath River- Longest tributary; originates from Panabaras
Hills, Rajnandgaon, Chhattisgarh; joins Mahanadi at
Shivrinarayan, Chhattisgarh.
 Hasdeo River- originates from Kaimur hills, Koriya,
Chhattisgarh; Gej river is major tributary; joins Mahanadi at
Shiladehi, Chhattisgarh.

34.  Mand River- originates from Ramgarh hills, Surguja,
Chhattisgarh; joins Mahanadi at Chandarpur,
Chhattisgarh.
 Ib River- Originates from Ramgarh hills, Panddrapet,
Chhattisgarh; joins Mahanai at Hirakud Reservoir,
Odisha.
Right Bank Tributaries-
 Jonk River- Originates from Sunabeda plateau,
Chhattisgarh; joins Mahanadi at Sheorinarayan,
Chhattisgarh.
 Ong River- Originates at Padmapur, Odisha and joins
Mahanadi at Sonapur, Odisha.
 Tel River- Originates at Nabarangapur, Odisha and joins
Mahanadi at Sonapur, Odisha

35. Mahanadi Delta
 located in the state of Odisha made by a network of three
major rivers: the Mahanadi River (and its distributaries; the
Devi, Daya, Bhargavi, Kushbhandra and Parchi) and the
adjoining Brahmani and Baitarini Rivers.
 The coastline of the delta is approximately 200 km long,
extending from the Chilika lagoon in the south to the
Dhamara River in the north. It has five coastal districts Puri,
Khordha, Jagatsinghpur, Kendrapara and Bhadrak.
 Chilika Lagoon- largest coastal lagoon in India; fed by Daya
river; The Irrawaddy dolphin is the flagship species,
Dugong, Legless lizard, migratory birds, mangroves are
other species; Nalabana, Breakfast, Honeymoon, Somolo
and Bird’s island are major islands.

36.  Brahmani River- formed by the confluence of the rivers
South Koel and Sankh near Rourkela, Odisha.
 Baitarani River- originates from Gonasika hills, Keonjhar,
Odisha; joins Brahmani river and empties into Bay of
Bengal.

37. Godavari River

38.  States- Maharshtra, Chhattisgarh, Telangana, Andhra
Pradesh, Odisha
 Source- Brahmagiri Mountain, Tryambakeshwar,
Nashik, Maharashtra
 Length- 1465 km
 Discharge- Bay of Bengal, Godavari District, Andhra
Pradesh
 Names- Vridha Ganga, Dakshin Ganga
 Mountain Ranges- Balaghat range, Harishchandra
range, Ajanta range, Mahadeo hills, Dandakaranya,
Northern Circas
 Endangere Animals- Olive Ridley Sea Turtle, Fringed-
lipped Carp, Wild buffalo, Bonnet macaque, Golden
Gecko, Pale-capped pigeon, Russell’s Viper

39. Left Bank Tributaries-
 Purna River- originates from Ajanta range, Aurangabad,
Maharashtra; flows through Marathwada region; Dudhana
river is major tributary; joins Godavari at Parbhani,
Maharashtra.
 Pranhita River- largest tributary; originates from Ajanta
ranges, Maharashtra and called as Penganga; Wardha river
and Wainganga river merges to form Pranhita river; joins
Godavari at Kaleswaram, Telangana.
 Indravati River- originates from Dandakaranya, Kalahandi,
Odisha; joins Godavari at the boundary of 3 states-
Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Telangana.
 Sabari River- Kolab river; originates from Sinkaram hills
Odisha; Sileru river is major tributary; forms boundary
between Chhattisgarh and Odisha; joins Godavari at
Kunavaram, Andhra Pradesh

40. Right Bank Tributaries
 Pravara River- Smallest tributary; Sahayadri range,
Ahemadnagar, Maharashtra; joins Godavari at Pravara
sangam, Ahemadnagar.
 Manjira River- originates from Balaghat range,
Ahemadnagar; flows through Maharashtra, karnataka,
Telangana; Terna river is major tributary; joins Godavari at
Kandhakurthi, Telangana.
 At Dhawaleswaram, Godavari divides into two branches,
the Gautami and Vasishta. Between the two lies the
Godavari Central Delta. The two arms split into branches as
they approach the Bay of Bengal dividing the Central Delta
into a number of islands.

41. Krishna River

42.  States- Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana, Andhra
Pradesh
 Source- Mahabaleshwar, Maharashtra
 Length- 1400 km
 Discharge- Hamsaaladeevi, Andhra Pradesh
 Mountain Ranges- Western Ghats, Harishchandra
range, Balaghat range, Telangana Plateau, Nallamala
hills
 Endangered Wildlife- Lion tailed Macaque, Gaur, Pied
Cuckoo, King Cobra, Blackbuck, Marsh Crocodile,
Hornbill, Nilgiri wood Pigeon, Yellow browed Bulbul,
Small Sunbird, Malabar Grey Hornbill, Malabar
Whistlingthrush, Malabar Lark, Gunthur’s cat skink,
Malabar Pit Viper, Beddome’s Lacerta, Bush Frog,
Malabar Night frog

43. Left Bank Tributaries
 Bhima River- Longest tributary; originates from Bhimashankar
hills, Pune, Maharashtra; flows through Maharshtra, Karnataka,
Telangana; Ghod, Sina, Indrayani, Nira, Mula-Mutha are major
tributaries; joins Krishna at the border of karnataka and
Telangana, near Raichur.
 Doni River- originates at Sangli, Maharashtra; joins Krishna at
Talikote, Karnataka.
 Dindi River- originates near Jadcherala, Telangana and joins
Krishna at Dindi reservoir, Telangana.
 Musi River- originates from Deccan plateau, Hyderabad,
Telangana; joins Krishna at the border of Andhra Pradesh and
Telangana, at Suriapet district.
 Paleru River- originates fro Telangana plateau an joins krishna
near Amravati.
 Munneru River- originates from Telangana plateau, Warangal,
telangan; joins Krishna at Nandigama, Andhra Pradesh.

44. Right Bank Tributaries
 Venna River- originates from Venna lake, Mahabaleshwar;
joins Krishna at Sangam Mahuli, Satara, Maharashtra.
 Koyna River- originates from Koyna lake, Mahabaleshwar;
joins Krishna at Pritisangam, Satara, Maharshtra.
 Panchganga River- originates from Prayag Sangam,
Kolhapur, Maharshtra; the Kasari, the Kumbhi, the Tulsi and
the Bhogawati rivers merges to form Panchganga; joins
Krishna at Narsobawadi, Kolhapur.
 Dudhganga River- originates at Sindhudurg, Maharshtra;
Vediganga is major tributary; joins Krishna at Belgaum,
Karnataka.
 Ghatprabha River- originates near Kudal, Maharshtra;
Markandea river is major tributary; joins krishna at
Bagalkot, Karnataka.

45.  Malaprabha Rivier- originates from Western Ghats,
Belgaum, Karnataka; joins Krishna at Kudala Sangama,
Bagalkot, Karnataka.
 Tungbhadra River- largest tributary; formed by the
confluence of the Thunga River and the Bhadra
River at Koodli, Karnataka; Tunga and the Bhadra rise at
Gangamoola, in Varaha Parvatha in the Western Ghats;
Kumudvati, Varada, Vedavathi, Handri are major tributaries;
flows through Hampi; joins Krishna at Sangaeswaram,
Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh.
Pattiseema Lift Irrigation Project is a river interlinking project
which connects Godavari River to Krishna River. As there is no
adequate water availability (three out of four years) in the
Krishna River, the water supplemented, during the monsoon
months in to the Prakasam Barrage pond on the Krishna River,
from the Godavari River by the Pattiseema Lift.

46. Cauvery River

47.  States- Karnataka, Tamilnadu
 Source- Talakaveri, Western Ghats, Karnataka
 Length- 805 km
 Discharge- Bay of Bengal at Chola Nadu region,
Tamilnadu
 Mountain Ranges- Nilgiri hills, Anaimalayi hills,
Shevaroy hills
 Endangered Wildlife- Tiger, Lion Tailed Macaque, Nilgiri
Tahr, Bush frog, Black Panther, Elephant, Vulture, Honey
badger, Giant squirrel, Crocodile, Poisonous snakes,
Hump-backed Masheer, Nilgiri Mystus, Nilgiri wood
pigeon, Malabar Parakeet, Indian Blue Robin

48. Left Bank Tributaries
 Harangi River- originates from Pushpagiri Hills, Kodagu,
Karnataka; joins Kaveri at Somwarpet, Karnataka.
 Hemavathi River- originates from Baba Budan Hills,
Chikmaglur, Karnataka; Yagachi river is major tributary;
joins Cauveri at krishnarajsagara reservoir, Karnataka.
 Shimsa River- originates from Baba Budan hills, Tumkur,
Karnataka; joins Cauvery at Shivanasamudra falls,
Karnataka.
 Arkavathi River- originates from Nandi hills,
Chikkaballapura, Karnataka; joins Cauvery at Mekedatu,
Karnataka.

49. Right Bank Tributaries
 Lakshmana Tirtha River- It rises in Kodagu, Karnataka and
joins the Kaveri in the Krishna Raja Sagara lake.
 Kabini River- formed by the confluence of the Panamaram
River and the Mananthavady River in Wayanad, Kerala and
also forms Kuruva island; flows through Nagargole National
Park; joins Cauvery at T Narasipura, Mysore, Karnataka.
 Suvarnavathi River- Honnuhole river; forme from the
confluence of Niredurgihalla and Araikaduhalla rivers at
Badibadga, Karnataka; joins Cauvery at Charajnagar,
karnataka.
 Bhavani River- originates from Nilgiri hills, Kerala; Flows
through Silent Valley National Park; Moyar river is major
tributary; joins Cauvery at Erode, Tamilnadu.

50.  Noyyal River- originates from Vellingiri hills, Tamilnadu;
flows through Coimbatore; joins Cauvery at Karur,
Tamilnadu.
 Amravati River- longest tributary; originates from Anamalai
hills, Tirupur, Tamilnadu; flows through Indira Gandhi
(Anamalai) National Park; Chinnar and Pamba rivers are
major tributaries; joins cauvery at Karur, Tamilnadu.
 Srirangam Island- Kaveri splits into two at upper Anicut; The
northern branch of the river is called the Kollidam while the
southern branch retains the name Kaveri and then goes
directly eastwards into Thanjavur District. These two rivers
join again and form the Srirangam island, Capital of Tipu
Sultan.
 Kallanai/Grand Anicut is an ancient dam, built (in running
water) across the Kaveri in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu by
the Chola king Karikalan in 100 BC – 100 AD; the oldest dam
in India.

51. Pennar River
 States- Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh
 Source- Nandi hills, Chikkaballapur, Karnataka
 Length- 597 km
 Discharge- Bay of Bengal, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh
 Tributaries- Sagileru, Chitravati, Papagni, Cheyyeru
 States- Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamilnadu
 Source- Nandi hills, Chikkaballapur, Karnataka
 Length- 348 km
 Discharge- Bay of Bengal, Vayalur, Tamilnadu
 Tributaries- Cheyyar
Palar River

52. Ponnaiyar River
 States- Karnataka, Tamilnadu
 Source- Nandi hills, Chikkaballapur, Karnataka
 Length- 500 km
 Discharge- Bay of Bengal, Cuddalore, Tamilnadu

53. COASTAL RIVERS
Sabarmati River
 States- Rajasthan, Gujrat
 Source- Aravalli Range, Udaipur, Rajasthan
 Length- 371 km
 Discharge- Gulf of Khambhat, Gujrat
 Sabarmati Ashram, Ahmedabad situated on it’s banks.
 Tributaries- Shedhi, Vakal, Harnav, Hathmati, Watrak,
Kusumbhi, Mohar, Khari, Majhoom

54. Sabarmati River
Mahi River

55. Mahi River
 States- Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujrat
 Source- Vindhya Range, Dhar, Madhya Pradesh
 Length- 580 km
 Discharge- Gulf of khambhat, Anand, Gujrat
 Tributaries- Somkala, Anas, Jakham, Panam
 River crosses Tropic of Cancer Twice.
Subarnarekha River
 States- Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha
 Source- Piska/nagri, Ranchi, Jharkhand
 Length- 395 km
 Discharge- Bay of Bengal, Kirtania Port, Odisha
 Tributaries- Dulang, Kanchi, Kharkai, Raru, Garru

56. Rushikulya River
 States- Odisha
 Source- Daringbadi hills, Kandhamal, Odisha
 Length- 165 km
 Discharge- Bay of Bengal, Ganjam, Odisha
 The mouth of the Rushikulya River is the location of one
of the largest mass nesting (arribada) sites of Olive
Ridley sea turtles in India.
Thamirabarni River
 originates from the Agastyarkoodam peak, Tirunelveli,
Tamilnadu; Chittar, Pachaiyar, Gadananathi rivers are
major tributaries; flows in Gulf of Mannar,
Srivaikundam, Tamilnadu.

57.  Vaigai River- Originates in Varusanadu Hills, Tamilnadu;
flows through Madurai, empties into the Palk
Strait, Ramanathapuram, Tamilnadu.
 Kundalika River- Originates from Sahayadri hills, Bhira,
Maharashtra; empties into Arabian Sea, Navi Mumbai,
Maharashtra.
 Patalganga River- Originates from Sahayadri hills, Matheran,
Maharashtra; flows into Arabian sea at Dharamtar Creek,
Maharshtra.
 Mithi River- is a river on Salsette Island, the island of the
city of Mumbai, India. It is a confluence
of water discharges of the Powai and Vihar lakes; meets
the Arabian Sea at Mahim Creek.
 Oshiwara River- is a river in Mumbai; It begins in the Aarey
Milk Colony; empties into the Malad Creek.

58.  Vaitarna River- Originates from Sahayadri hills,
Trimbakeshwar, Maharshtra; Tanasa river is major tributary;
flows into Arabian sea, Palghar, Maharshtra.
 Mahadayi River- Mandovi river; lifeline of Goa; originates
from Bhimgadh springs, Karnataka; Mapusa river is major
tributary; forms Dudhsagar falls; empties into Arabian sea
at Panjim, Goa.
 Zuari River- largest river of Goa; originates at Hemad
Barshem, flows into Arabian sea at Mormugao Port, Goa.
 Kali River- originates from Diggi, Uttar Kannada, Karnataka;
184 km long; flows into Arabian Sea at Karwar, Karnataka.
 Sharavati River- originates from Ambuteertha, Shimoga,
Karnataka; forms Jog Falls (253m); flows into Arabian Sea at
Honnavar, Karnataka.

59.  Panchagangavalli River- It’s a river flowing
through Kundapur and Gangolli in Karnataka. The five rivers
namely Souparnika River, Varahi River, Kedaka River, Chakra
River and Kubja River join and merge into Arabian sea.
 Periyar River- largest river of Kerala; originates from hills of
Periyar Tiger Reserve, Kerala; Mullayar, Edamala,
Cheruthoni rivers are major tributaries; drains into
Vembanad Lake, Kerala.
 Pamba River- originates from Pulachimalai hills,
Sabarimmala Temple, Pathanamthitta, Kerala located on it’s
banks; Kuttanad farms also receives water from this river;
drains into Vembanad Lake and Thottapally spillway, Kerala.
 Bharathapuzha River- originates from Anaimalai hills,
Tamilnadu; flows through Palghat gap; Tirur river is major
tributary; empties into Lakshdweep Sea, ponnani, Kerala.