During my November 2014 visit to Australia I presented four lectures at various universities and two lectures in other locations:
Nov. 10, 2014, 17:00 – 19:00, Castle Hill High School, Sydney, NSW
Nov. 12, 2014, 12:30 – 14:00, Wollongong University, Wollongong, NSW
Nov. 17, 2014, 15:00 – 16:00, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC
Nov. 17, 2014, 19:00 – 20:30, Sandringham Hotel, Sandringham, VIC
Nov. 18, 2014, 11:00 – 12:00, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC
Nov 21, 2014 (Friday), 12:00 - 13:00, New South Wales University, Sydney, NSW
Lecture held in Melbourne, Australia in November 2016. It briefly evaluates science on wireless radiation and health and presents some opinions concerning the human health risk.
Lecture held at the ARPANSA in Melbourne, Australia in November 2016. It briefly evaluates science on wireless radiation and health and presents some opinions concerning the human health risk.
Lecture held at the University of the New South Wales in Sydney, Australia in December 2016. It briefly evaluates science on wireless radiation and health and presents some opinions concerning the human health risk.
Swiss association Gigaherz will celebrate the 15th anniversary of its existence. On this occasion Gigaherz is organizing Jubiläums-Generalversammlung taking place in Thalvil (near Zurich) on March 7, 2015. These are slides of presentation by Dariusz Leszczynski, the keynote speaker at this meeting, discussing the validity of the currently available science on cell phone radiation and health, in context of the currently ongoing WHO and ICNIRP preparation of the Environmental Health Criteria (presentation will be available afterwards on BRHP).
During my November 2014 visit to Australia I presented four lectures at various universities and two lectures in other locations:
Nov. 10, 2014, 17:00 – 19:00, Castle Hill High School, Sydney, NSW
Nov. 12, 2014, 12:30 – 14:00, Wollongong University, Wollongong, NSW
Nov. 17, 2014, 15:00 – 16:00, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC
Nov. 17, 2014, 19:00 – 20:30, Sandringham Hotel, Sandringham, VIC
Nov. 18, 2014, 11:00 – 12:00, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC
Nov 21, 2014 (Friday), 12:00 - 13:00, New South Wales University, Sydney, NSW
Lecture held in Melbourne, Australia in November 2016. It briefly evaluates science on wireless radiation and health and presents some opinions concerning the human health risk.
Lecture held at the ARPANSA in Melbourne, Australia in November 2016. It briefly evaluates science on wireless radiation and health and presents some opinions concerning the human health risk.
Lecture held at the University of the New South Wales in Sydney, Australia in December 2016. It briefly evaluates science on wireless radiation and health and presents some opinions concerning the human health risk.
Swiss association Gigaherz will celebrate the 15th anniversary of its existence. On this occasion Gigaherz is organizing Jubiläums-Generalversammlung taking place in Thalvil (near Zurich) on March 7, 2015. These are slides of presentation by Dariusz Leszczynski, the keynote speaker at this meeting, discussing the validity of the currently available science on cell phone radiation and health, in context of the currently ongoing WHO and ICNIRP preparation of the Environmental Health Criteria (presentation will be available afterwards on BRHP).
The Expert Roundtable event took place on December 9, 2013 at the Commonwealth Club of California in San Francisco. I was listed as one of the participants. However, because I was not able to participate in person, my participation was limited to a brief PowerPoint audio presentation.
Mobile phones and cancers: What is the evidence? - Prof Mike RepacholiThe Radiation Doctor
This is the ultimate research study which will demystify all the myths related to cellphones & cell-tower radiation! This piece presented by Prof Mike Repacholi, Former Co-ordinator, Radiation and Environmental Health
World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. He has presented all the relevant facts about relation of cancer & other health hazards with radiation.
T-MOBILE, the mobile phone giant, has been accused of “burying” a scientific report it commissioned that concluded handsets and masts contribute to cancer and genetic damage.
The report argued that officially recommended limits on radiation exposure should be cut to 1/1000th of those in force. The suggestion has not been taken up by the company or by regulators.
Campaigners claimed T-Mobile’s handling of the report was part of a wider pattern of behaviour by the industry in its efforts to keep discussion of the health risks off the agenda.
Cómo distinguir una investigación seria de una fraudulentaantenasysalud
Segunda presentación del Dr. Mike Repacholi, presidente emérito del ICNIPR (Comisión Internacional de Protección contra la Radiación No Ionizante) y Miembro del Comité Asesor Internacional del Proyecto de EMF Internacional de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, durante el II Foro Internacional “Antenas y Telecomunicaciones; Inclusiòn, Desarrollo y Salud Humana. Repacholi ofreció una disertación focalizada a resaltar las diferencias entre investigaciones científicas serias y fraudulentas que muchas veces ganan gran atención de la prensa generando temor entre la población respecto a las presuntas relaciones entre la radiación que emiten las antenas y sus efectos en la salud.
Lecture held at the IIAS Israel Institute for the Advancement of Science, Jerusalem, Israel in January 2017. It briefly presents what are the research gaps and research needs in the area of health effects and wireless radiation.
"Chernobyl, Fukushima, and Other Hot Places"
Written by Timothy A. Mousseau, Anders P. Møller, Andrea Bonisoli-Alquati, Gennadi Milinevski.
For the accompanying article, please visit: http://radiationprevention.com/myth-chernobyls-ecosystem-restored
This presentation illustrate the propagation of radiation, types, effects on various occasions to the human body. Moreover; the presentations also reflects the severity and its relations to the diseases.Further the benefits and uses of the radiation is also brought into consideration for the treatment of various diseases.
The Expert Roundtable event took place on December 9, 2013 at the Commonwealth Club of California in San Francisco. I was listed as one of the participants. However, because I was not able to participate in person, my participation was limited to a brief PowerPoint audio presentation.
Mobile phones and cancers: What is the evidence? - Prof Mike RepacholiThe Radiation Doctor
This is the ultimate research study which will demystify all the myths related to cellphones & cell-tower radiation! This piece presented by Prof Mike Repacholi, Former Co-ordinator, Radiation and Environmental Health
World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. He has presented all the relevant facts about relation of cancer & other health hazards with radiation.
T-MOBILE, the mobile phone giant, has been accused of “burying” a scientific report it commissioned that concluded handsets and masts contribute to cancer and genetic damage.
The report argued that officially recommended limits on radiation exposure should be cut to 1/1000th of those in force. The suggestion has not been taken up by the company or by regulators.
Campaigners claimed T-Mobile’s handling of the report was part of a wider pattern of behaviour by the industry in its efforts to keep discussion of the health risks off the agenda.
Cómo distinguir una investigación seria de una fraudulentaantenasysalud
Segunda presentación del Dr. Mike Repacholi, presidente emérito del ICNIPR (Comisión Internacional de Protección contra la Radiación No Ionizante) y Miembro del Comité Asesor Internacional del Proyecto de EMF Internacional de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, durante el II Foro Internacional “Antenas y Telecomunicaciones; Inclusiòn, Desarrollo y Salud Humana. Repacholi ofreció una disertación focalizada a resaltar las diferencias entre investigaciones científicas serias y fraudulentas que muchas veces ganan gran atención de la prensa generando temor entre la población respecto a las presuntas relaciones entre la radiación que emiten las antenas y sus efectos en la salud.
Lecture held at the IIAS Israel Institute for the Advancement of Science, Jerusalem, Israel in January 2017. It briefly presents what are the research gaps and research needs in the area of health effects and wireless radiation.
"Chernobyl, Fukushima, and Other Hot Places"
Written by Timothy A. Mousseau, Anders P. Møller, Andrea Bonisoli-Alquati, Gennadi Milinevski.
For the accompanying article, please visit: http://radiationprevention.com/myth-chernobyls-ecosystem-restored
This presentation illustrate the propagation of radiation, types, effects on various occasions to the human body. Moreover; the presentations also reflects the severity and its relations to the diseases.Further the benefits and uses of the radiation is also brought into consideration for the treatment of various diseases.
Public communication of RF & Health Risks in India - Dr. K. S. ParthasarathyThe Radiation Doctor
Dr. K. S. Parthasarathy, Former Secretary, Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, Government of India, about what steps can be taken to change the public perception.
MedicalResearch.com: Medical Research Exclusive Interviews December 14 2014Marie Benz MD FAAD
MedicalResearch.com features exclusive interviews with medical researchers from major and specialty medical research and health care journals and meetings.
Assessment of Health Care Workers Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Radiat...ijtsrd
Radiological doses are low and the chances of long time effect is minimal, but it should be kept as low as reasonably achievable. Therefore health workers especially Doctors requesting for imaging must be well trained in deciding when medical imaging should be carried out and should also have accurate knowledge of the associated risk involved. This can only be achieved if a proper knowledge and safety practice is adhered to. A cross sectional study to investigate the level of health workers knowledge, about radiation safety and their attitude towards radiation safety was carried out. A self administered questionnaire for radiation safety was sent to a purposive sample of 174 Health workers at a Specialist Hospital, in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. 169 questionnaires were filled and return by participant responsive rate 97.1 . The sample include 8 Radiologist, 72 Nurses, 3 Oncologist, 49 Clinicians, 26 Technicians and 11 Surgeons. Majority of the participants have never attain any radiation safety related training 76 . Radiologist and oncologist who were more frequently expose to ionizing radiation, their knowledge was not far better than the other health workers. The general knowledge score ranges from 5.9 to 60.9 , with a low score among nurses and surgeons. The most alarming was the applicability and convenience of radiation protection policies and procedure. Adherence to safety precaution practices was mostly violated by participants, especially nurses and surgeons, but they attributed it to the poor application of protective measures during performing the procedures. The investigation concluded that Health workers in a Specialist Hospital, Jos Plateau State, Nigeria have fair knowledge, negative attitude and poor safety practices towards radiation safety policies and precautions. Chenko G. Y. Nimchang | Ndam Moses Ponsel | Manset W. E. | Songden S. D "Assessment of Health Care Workers Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Radiation Safety at a Specialist Hospital, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46452.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/46452/assessment-of-health-care-workers-knowledge-attitude-and-practices-of-radiation-safety-at-a-specialist-hospital-jos-plateau-state-nigeria/chenko-g-y-nimchang
Convergence of Occupational and Environmental Exposure Science: the Whole Pic...Retired
The presentation was given at the 24th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Exposure Science (ISES) in Cincinnati (www.ISES2014.org).
It describes work in the HEALS project (www.HEALS-eu.eu). This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement No 603946.
.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
1. CELL PHONES ANDCELL TOWERSHealth Risk and Precautionary Principle
Dariusz Leszczynski,PhD, DSc
Adjunct Professor, University of Helsinki
Editor-in-Chief of Frontiers in Radiation and Health
(specialty of the Frontiers in Public Health, Lausanne, Switzerland)
Member of the Advisory Board, Cellraid, Ltd, Oulu, Finland
Dariusz Leszczynski in INDIA, September 15 -19, 2014
2. Who I am... few examples of my experience
•Adjunct Professor at the University of Helsinki, Finland
•Chief Editor of ’Radiation and Health’; specialty of Frontiers in Public Health
•Two doctorates in biochemistry and in cell biology
•22 years (1992-2013) at Finnish Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority
•2003-2007 as Head of Radiation Biology laboratory
•2000-2013 as Research Professor
•Assistant Professor at Harvard Medical School 1997-1999
•Guangbiao Professor at Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China 2006-2009
•Visiting Professor at Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia 2012/2013
•Testified in US Senate hearing on cell phones and health, in 2009
•Expert in IARC 2011 classification of carcinogenicity of cell phone radiation
Dariusz Leszczynski in INDIA, September 15 -19, 2014
3. WHO defintion of health
“Healthisastateofcompletephysical,mentalandsocialwell-beingandnotmerelytheabsenceofdiseaseorinfirmity”
WheneverdiscussingsafetyofradiationemittedbythewirelesscommunicationdevicesweneedtorememberthisWHOdefinitionofhealth
Dariusz Leszczynski in INDIA, September 15 -19, 2014
4. Safety standards –who sets?
•Set by ICNIRP -International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection
•ICNIRP’s membership: by invitation only “private club”
•Membership of ICNIRP based on similarity of scientific opinions of experts
•No accountability for ICNIRP experts
•Limited scientific debate when all ICNIRP members have a similar opinion
•WHO EMF Project recommends use of ICNIRP safety standards
•WHO EMF Project was started and run by former ICNIRP Chairman -Dr. Repacholi
Dariusz Leszczynski in INDIA, September 15 -19, 2014
5. ICNIRP sets
safety standards
WHO recommends to use
ICNIRP safety standards
In Finland Ministry considers
WHO recommendation
In Finland Ministry asks STUK
opinion on ICNIRP standards
STUK expert recommends
use of ICNIRP standards
STUK expert is ICNIRP member
who prepared safety standards
Setting safety standards in… Finland
Dariusz Leszczynski in INDIA, September 15 -19, 2014
6. Safety Standards –short-comings
•Based on thermal effects of cell phone radiation
•Not accounting for other parameters of exposure
•Dosimetry based on macro-scale temperature changes
•Lack of micro-scale dosimetry
•Models do not resemble living cells and organs
•Comparisons to classical heating do NOT apply
Dariusz Leszczynski in INDIA, September 15 -19, 2014
7. Macro-scale dosimetry
Water
Salt
Sugar
+
=
Problem:
free movement of ions
Dariusz Leszczynski in INDIA, September 15 -19, 2014
8. Problems associated with the safety standards
•No information whether/how cell phone radiation affects humans
•No certainty that safety standards protect all users from anything besides thermal effects
•Any equipment radiating below safety standards is considered safe which might be misleading
•Compliance with safety standards is used as an excuse to stop research funding and to deploy new wireless technologies without any testing
•Non-thermal effects exist but are refused to be studied in depth because of the “excuse” of safety standards
Dariusz Leszczynski in INDIA, September 15 -19, 2014
9. IARC evaluation may 2011
•30 invited experts divided into four sub-groups
•Dosimetry
•Epidemiology
•Animal studies
•Mechanistic laboratory in vitrostudies
•Decissions done by consensus or by simple majority
•The vast majority of experts voted for possible carcinogen classification
Dariusz Leszczynski in INDIA, September 15 -19, 2014
10. IARC 2011 and after IARC: Epidemiology
•Interphone & Hardellstudies
•no reliable exposure data
•risk increase in long-term avid users
•Children –only CEFALO
•exposures for 2-4 years
•has no statistical power to detect small risk
•Trend-data -Little et al. 2012: slow rise of brain cancer cases in USA
•trend is similar to Interphone “prediction” but not Hardell“prediction”
•Danish Cohort update study –no effect but no exposure data at all
•Million Women study -no effect but exposure data inadequate
Dariusz Leszczynski in INDIA, September 15 -19, 2014
11. The limited human evidence was based on the results of two sets of epidemiological studies European Interphone group and Hardellgroup in Sweden.
After the IARC evaluation, in 2014, was published a new epidemiological study -the French CERENAT.
The French study reached similar conclusions as Interphone and Hardellpreviously – long term avid use of cell phone increases a risk of developing brain cancer.
It means that now there are three replications of the same epidemiological type of study, the case-control study, that all suggest cell phone radiation might increase a risk of brain cancer.
After IARC evaluation: Epidemiology
12. IARC 2011: Human studies
•The vast majority are “feelings” studies
•Subjects asked how they feel
•Subject asked do they feel when radiation is on/off
•EHS must exist –question is only of radiation cut-off level
•Otherwise RF would be the only factor not causing individual sensitivity in people
•Problem of EHS –studied by psychologists not physiologists –wrong methods
•WHO definition of health –how to consider it? IARC classification justifies reasoning for “mental and social well-being”
•Lack of studies examining biochemical responses of human tissues
•Single skin proteomics study
•Two studies examined glucose metabolism in the brain
•That is all!
Dariusz Leszczynski in INDIA, September 15 -19, 2014
13. IARC 2011: Animal studies
•No classical toxicology possible
•By classical toxicology RF would be judged as harmful to humans
•Not possible to overdose cell phone radiation because of heating effect
•Life-time exposures to radiation doses similar to those emitted by cell phones show no effect –result useless for human health risk estimation
•Co-carcinogen studies show some effects –cell phone radiation might potentiate effects of carcinogenic chemicals or radiation
Dariusz Leszczynski in INDIA, September 15 -19, 2014
14. *…but… what nobody is speaking about!
Risk evaluation of radiation emitted by the base stations:
scientific studies where exposure levels are similar to levels emitted by cell phones can be considered as toxicology studiesexamining effects of radiation emitted by base stations
Dariusz Leszczynski in INDIA, September 15 -19, 2014
15. IARC 2011: Mechanistic studies
•Laboratory evidence was considered, by voting (no consensus) as insufficient to support/show mechanism of cell phone radiation effects
Dariusz Leszczynski in INDIA, September 15 -19, 2014
16. Leszczynski et al. 2002
Caraglia et al. 2005
Friedman et al. 2007
Buttiglione et al. 2007
Yu et al. 2008
Lee et al. 2008
Mechanism ?: Cell phone radiation affects stress response
Cell proliferation and
expression of cancer regularory genes
17. Scale of the potential problem
Even if individual risk will be small, considering that there are over 6 billion of cell phone users, the burden for the society might be sizable in monetary and human suffering terms
Radiation exposures from cell phones and from smart phones are not comparable –smart phone radiation exposures are much higher because of data traffic
Dariusz Leszczynski in INDIA, September 15 -19, 2014
18. The IARC classification, of cell phone radiation as a possible carcinogen, invalidates the ICNIRP and WHO claims that the current safety standards protect all users.
In three independent epidemiological case-control studies, two of which were evaluated by IARC, adult participants used regular, off-the-shelf, cell phones.
These cell phones were built to fulfil all ICNIRP safety standards.
However, avid use of such “safe” cell phones for period of over 10 years led to increased risk of brain cancer.
This means that the current safety standards do not protect sufficiently users of cell phones and casts doubt whether safety standards for cell towers are reliable.
Un-reliability of safety standards
19. Invoking the Precautionary Principle
“WhetherornottoinvokethePrecautionaryPrincipleisadecisionexercisedwherescientificinformationisinsufficient, inconclusive,oruncertainandwherethereareindicationsthatthepossibleeffectsonenvironment,orhuman,animalorplanthealthmaybepotentiallydangerousandinconsistentwiththechosenlevelofprotection.”
Dariusz Leszczynski in INDIA, September 15 -19, 2014
20. Invoking the Precautionary Principle
•Scientificinformationisinsufficient,inconclusive,oruncertain
•IARCclassificationaspossiblecarcinogen(2Bcategory)
•Thereareindicationsthatthepossibleeffectsonhumanhealthmaybepotentiallydangerous
•epidemiologicalstudiesfromInterphonegroupandfromHardellgroupshowincreasedbraincancerriskinlong-termavidusers
•Inconsistentwiththechosenlevelofprotection
•epidemiologicalstudiesshowingincreasedriskinlong-termavidusersweregeneratedbasedontheuseofregularcellphonesmeetingcurrentsafetystandards=currentsafetystandardsarebeinsufficienttoprotectusers
Dariusz Leszczynski in INDIA, September 15 -19, 2014
21. India: problem of location of cell towers
Dariusz Leszczynski in INDIA, September 15 - 19, 2014
23. •Cell phone app -runson any commercial Android phone
•Measures RF emission exposure from cell phone, cell tower and wi-fi
•Accurate algorithm to estimate total RF emission
by Cellraid in Finland
cellraid.com
Dariusz Leszczynski in INDIA, September 15 -19, 2014