Disentangling the origin of chemical differences using GHOST
in vitro fertilization
1.
2. Represented by:-
SOUMYA SANKAR RATH
708ZBC454
SEMINAR ON
In vitro fertiliaztion &
embryo transfer
GUIDED BY:-
dr s.k.patra
h.o.d
Dr Jogomaya Pani
reader in zoology
3. Contents:-
Definition
WHO NEEDS IVF?
TYPES &CAUSES OF INFERTILITY
PROCESS OF CONCEPTION
INVITRO FERTILIZATION PROCESS
EMBRYO TRANSFER
SURROGATE MOTHERS & EGG DONATION
IVF COMPLICATION, RISKS, COST, SUCCESS RATE
IVF RELIGIONÐIC
CONCLUSION
4. Definition:-
In vitro fertilization (IVF) Is a procedure in which eggs (ova) from a woman's ovary are removed,
they are fertilized with sperm In a laboratory procedure, and then the fertilized egg (embryo) is
returned to the woman's uterus
IN VITRO FERTILIZATION
FERTILIZATION IN GLASS
FERTILIZATION
" A child born by in vitro fertilization is inaccurately known a "test tube baby."
5. 1978 Louise Joy Brown, first IVF baby In ENGLAND
1981 Elizabeth Carr, first IVF baby in USA
1983 First birth after egg donation
1985 Transvaginal ultrasound for follicle monitoring
1990 First report of births after PGD
1990 First report of egg donation to older mothers
1992 First human birth after ICSI
Historical Perspective
p.Steptoe and robort edwards ( a British scientist )
6. Who Needs IVF?
Failed other treatments
Tubal damage
Significant male factor
Absent uterus
Carriers of genetic diseases
Family Balancing
Cancer patients
Non-traditional Lifestyles
7. Types of infertility
About 40% of all cases of infertility are due to problems with the female partner and
another 30% are due to problems in the male partner. The rest of the remaining 30% of
cases are due either to a cause which affects both the partners, or to a cause which
cannot be identified
FEMALE INFERTILITY
MALE INFERTILITY
INFERTILITY
13. Signs and symptoms
Most men with fertility problems have no s igns or
symptoms.
Some men with hormonal problems may note a c hange in
their voice or pattern of hair growth,or difficulty with sexual function
Infertility in women may be signed by irregular menstrual periods
or associated with conditions that cause pain during menstruation
or intercourse.
Complication
Complications of being infertile often involve strong emotions and may trigger negative feelings
between you and your partner. These may include:
Depression
Guilt
Anger
Stress
Disappointment
Fear of losing partner because of infertility
14. •Surgical Treatment
•Operative Laparoscopy
•Operative Hysteroscopy
•Ovulation Induction
•Clomiphene Citrate
•Follicle Stimulating Hormone
•In Vitro Fertilization
Treatment of Infertility Prevention
For male:
Most types of male infertility aren't preventable. However, avoid drug
and tobacco use and excessive alcohol consumption, which may
contribute to male infertility.
For female:
A woman can increase her chances of becoming pregnant in a
number of ways:
Exercise moderately
Avoid weight extremes
Avoid alcohol, tobacco and street drugs
15. Process of conception
* Every month the pituitary gland in a woman's brain sends a signal to her ovaries to prepare an egg for
ovulation. The pituitary hormones — follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) — are
involved in stimulating the ovaries to bring an egg to ovulation.
* A large boost in LH carries a message to the ovarian follicle to release its egg (ovulate). A woman is most fertile at
the time of ovulation — around day 14 of her menstrual cycle — although the exact time of ovulation varies
among women due to different lengths of menstrual cycles.
16. * The egg is then captured by a fallopian tube and is viable for about 24 hours, but its best chance of
being fertilized is within the first 12 hours following ovulation. For pregnancy to occur, a sperm must unite
with the egg in the fallopian tube during this time.
* Sperm are capable of fertilizing the egg for up to 72 hours and must be present in the fallopian tube at the
same time as the egg for conception to occur. If fertilized, the egg moves into the uterus two to four days later.
There it attaches to the uterine lining and begins a nine-month process of growth.
17. For female:-
•PHYSICAL FITNESS
•ACCESSSIBLE OVARIESFOR OOCYTES
•UTERUS SHOULD BE CAPABLE OF ACCEPTINGA FERTILZED OVUM
•SHOULD HAVE EASILY NEGOTIABLE CERVICAL CANAL
For male:-
•motile sperm
ASSESSMENT OF PATIENTS
18. In Vitro Fertilization PROCESS
STIMULATION PHASE
EGG RETRIVAL
FERTILIZATION
EMBRYO TRANSFER
20. EGG RETRIVAL
During IVF treatment, retrieval refers to the removal of the oocytes from the ovaries. The
woman is put under light sedation, while the oocytes are typically retrieved via a
transvaginal ultrasound-guided needle. The needle goes through the back wall of the vagina
(up to the ovaries), where the oocytes are gently aspirated or sucked in through the needle.
The egg retrieval occurs on the second morning (34-36 hours) after the final injection of hcg
An infrequently used method of egg retrieval for IVF is by laparoscopy. Laparoscopy is a surgical procedure
usually requiring general anesthesia. In the operating room, a surgeon inserts a laparoscope, a long, thin tube
much like a telescope, through an incision in or below the woman's navel. Looking through the laparoscope,
the surgeon guides the needle through the abdominal wall into the ovarian follicles. The eggs and follicular
fluid are then aspirated through the laparoscope.
22. FERTILIZATION
•OOCYTES CULTURE
•SEMEN PREPARATION
•FERATILIZATION
The naked oocyte is identified under the microscope and is handled with great care. The oocytes are
incubated for 5-10 hours after oocyte recovery depending upon the estimated maturity of the follicles
and oocytes.
OOCYTES CULTURE
•SEMEN PREPARATION
semen is collected at site by masturbation, 60-90 minutes before insemination. After
liquefaction, the semen is centrifuged and the resultant sperm pellet is resuspended in culture
medium. After recentrifugation, the washed spermatozoa are incubated in culture medium at
370 C for 30-60 minutes and a sample is taken from the surface so that it contains the most
active spermatozoa
23. fertilization
A total of 10,000 to 50,000 motile spermatozoa, prepared as above are added to 10μ1 to
1ml of culture medium containing the oocyte. After insemination, the oocyte is left for 12-
13 hours and then inspected in a Petri dish containing culture medium. The oocyte should
contain two pronuclei and two polar bodies.
24. Fertilization
Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection(ICSI)
In casess where the sperm cannot penetrate the egg because of low sperm
count or abnormally shaped sperm , the embryologist will inject one sperm
directly into each egg.
25. Assisted Hatching
It is performed in order to help an embryo hatch out of its protective layering (ZONA
PELLUCIDA) and implant into the uterus.
27. Embryo Transfer
Timing
Embryos are generally transferred back to the woman's uterus at the 2 - 8 cell stage or at
blastocyst stage, which occurs 48 - 96 hours after the retrieval.
Proper location for placement of the embryos at transfer
the middle of the endometrial cavity - half way from the internal os of the cervix to the uterine
fundus (top of cavity)
28. EMBRYO TRANSFER
Ultrasound guided embryo transfer technique
The doctor inserts a thin tube (catheter) containing the embryos into the woman’s vagina, through the
cervix, and up into the womb. If an embryo sticks to (implants) in the lining of the womb and grows,
pregnancy results.
31. Singleton Pregnancy Triplet Pregnancy
More than one embryo may be placed into the womb at the same time, which can lead to
twins, triplets, or more
TwinPregnancy
33. Some women are unable to produce healthy eggs either because they have reached
their menopause early, they are approaching their menopause or because their eggs
carry abnormal genes. We can tell that a woman is approaching her menopause as she
will have high FSH level. If they want a family of their own, the only chance of a successful
pregnancy in these circumstances is if another woman donates some of her eggs.
Why Are Egg Donors Needed?
34. Who are candidates for egg donation ?
• Premature ovarian failure
• Ovarian insufficiency (e.g. FSH>15 )
• Physiologic menopause
• Maternal age over 43
• History of poor egg/embryo quality or
multiple IVF failures
35. Who are candidates to be an egg donor ?
• 21-35 years old (older if a friend or relative)
• FSH <10
• Negative donor
• Good health and genetic history
• Preferably prior egg donation experience
– How many eggs were produced?
– Did pregnancy result?
38. IVF COMPLICATION
First of all superovulation may lead to multiple births and further along it can bring complications for the mother as well as
for the child
Fertility medications can cause the detachement of the placenta from the uterus, gestational diabetes, a miscarriage on the
third trimester.
In vitro fertilization procedure increases the risk of the development of placenta in the lower part of the uterus, the detachement
of the placenta, possible high blood pressure.
Some studies showed that multiple births increase the death rate caused by pregnancy
Babies conceived with the help of assistant reproductive technique are inclined to be born before the due term and to have a
very low weight at birth
A study performed in 2006 shows that children conceived as a result of in vitro fertilization procedure present the risk of cerebral
palsy, a brain disease that prevents muscle coordination
39. Ivf cost
The average charge for IVF nationwide is about $12,000. Some centers charge $15,000 or more.
a single cycle of fertilization is around $10,000 in USA, $5,000 in Canada, $4,000 in Japan, $3,600
in UK, and even $2,500 in Netherland, $2,300 in China and $1,600 in Korea
a Multiple Cycle In Vitro Fertilization Cost $16,000 -$32,000
40. Ivf success rate
Society of AssistedReproductiveTechnologies (SART)
the approximate chance of giving birth to a live baby after
IVF is as follows:
41-43% for women under age 35
33-36% for women age 35 – 37
23-27% for women ages 38 – 40
13-18% for women over age 41
41. Ivf- religion and ethic
The catholic church does not approve ivf techniques as it proclaims that conception should never be taken
out of the body. The gift is acceptable, while the zift is not.
Muslim countries like Malaysia believe the sperm donation as imoral.children born from donated sperm
are considered illegitimate.
There is no controversy in india.
42. conclusion
Ivf is a boon to childless couples (infertile).
Robert Edwards has been awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize for the development of human in vitro fertilization
(IVF) therapy.
Embryo transfer technique is used for faster multiplication of genticallly superior high yielding cattel
